1英语四级作文关联词及范文.doc

常见的作文开头As is known to all, it is important to be/do. I think there are at least two reasons for For one thing, For another, Lets take for example . From what I have mentioned above , we can see that without we cannot It is clear that, plays an important part in Different people, however, have different opinions on this matter. Some people think that According to them, all of us should Others argue that In their opinion, nobody can without Compared with , has a lot of advantages over There is no doubt that In short, I firmly support the view that It is because So my conclusion is that (109 words)大学英语四级作文常用词汇先后次序关系at this time; first; second; at last; next；previously; simultaneously; eventually；last but not least；to begin with；to start with；to end with；finally；seeing.；since then；first of all；afterwards; following this; preceding this. 因果关系：because；because of this；being that；another important factor或reason of. ； since； as； for； in that.； owing to； due to； for the reason that.； in view of； the reason seems to be obvious; there are about. ；for this reason; as a result of this； therefore；.and so.； consequently；as a result； thus； hence； so；so that.； in consequence； as a consequence； accordingly; inevitably; under these conditions; thereupon. 转折关系：but；even so；however；though；even though；independent of；reckless of ；despite that； in spite of that； regardless of; yet.；and yet； but unless. 并列关系： and; also；too；as well as；either.，or.；both.and. (补充)递进关系： furthermore；moreover；further；In this way ；still； not only.but also.； not.but.； in addition (to)；additionally, much more interesting, more specifically, next, besides； as far as. is concerned; moreover；in other words；along this line of consideration；on the one hand.，on the other hand.； even； as a poplar saying goes.；in order to do it.; meanwhile； at the same time； accordingly； In the first place.，in the second place.;equally important; of even greater appeal. 比较关系： similarly; in like manner, in comparison with；when compared with；compared with；when in fact.; like.； likewise； similarly important； apart from (doing).； . rather than.，by doing so ；bothand.; in the same way; not only.but (also). 对照(不同点)：yet; still; for all of that; notwithstanding; rather; neither . nor; although; though; but; however; something is just the other way around；yet; conversely； unlike； opposed to; as opposed to ； in contrast (to)； by way of；on the contrary；different from this；as opposed to this； nevertheless; contrary to； whereas； while；but on the other hand. 举例关系:例如for example； for instance； in this case; namely； as you know； you may assay； as he explains； like； such as； a case in point is.; consider.； in particular；including.；for one thing.，for another.；put it simply；stated roughly； as an illustration， I will say.； a good example (of.)would be.；to detail this，I would like to.； It is interesting to note that.；in this situation; as proof; take the case of; take as example (something)； as for; as regards； as to； according to; on this occasion. 强调关系：in fact; especially；particularly；moreover；naturally; what is more important； in reality； certainly; of course; indeed; in particular；not to mention.；believe it or not；undeniably; other thing being equal；it is certainsure that.；to be strict; to be true；by definition; definitely; undoubtedly; without a doubt; in truth, in any event(不论怎样); without reservation(毫无保留地); obviously, not only. but(also.), both. and. 条件关系:if；unless; lest；provided that；if it is the case；in this sense；once.；if possible；if necessary；if so；if not all; if anything. 归纳总结类： in other words；on the whole; in sum; therefore；hence；in short；in brief；to sum up；in conclusion; in summary； to conclude； the conclusion can be drawn that.; for this reason; in short. 地点关系：beyond; opposite to; adjacent to; at the same place; there; over; in the middle; around; in front of; in the distance; farther; here and there; above; below; at the right; between; on this side. 目的关系：with this object; for this purpose; in order that; in this way, since; so that; on that account; in case; with a view to; for the same reason. 重申关系：in other words; that is to say; as I have said; again; once again. 结果关系：accordingly; thus; consequently; hence; therefore; thereupon; inevitably; under these conditions; as a result; as a consequence; because; because of; so that; not only.but (also.); so. as to. 顺序关系：first; second; thirdly; next; then; at the outset(在开始时)，following this; at this time; now; at this point; after; afterward; after this; subsequently; lastly; finally; consequently; before this; previously; preceding this; simultaneously; concurrently(同时). 时间关系：at once; immediately; at length; in the mean time; meanwhile; at the same time; in the end; then; soon; not long after; later; at once; at last; finally; some time ago; at present; all of a sudden; from this time on; from time to time; since then; when; whenever; next point; a few minutes later; formerly; as; once; since; occasionally; in a moment; shortly; whereupon; previously开头句型Ihas both advantages anddisadvantages既有利又有弊。例如：1Obviously television has both advantages anddisadvantages2Living in a city has both advantages and disadvantages3Compared with cars，bikes have their advantages and disadvantages举一反三：1Although computers bring people a lot of convenience，they have manydisadvantages2has many advantagesFor example，However，just as every coin has two sides，has its disadvantages（本例将利弊分开讲，转折过渡自然。just as every coin has two sides也很值得背诵。）IIplay（s）an important role part in在中扮演重要角色起重要作用。例如：1Computers play an important role in science and technology2Computers play a more and more important role in our lifeComputers play an increasingly important role in our studies3Education plays an important part in developing our mind4Addiction to alcohol and drugs play a role in homelessness举一反三：1Advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life2In the past，letters played a decisive role in long-distancecommunicationBut now ，telephone，email，fax have taken their placeIIIWith the development of，随着的发展，例如：1With the developm ent of our econo- m y，m any Chinese fam ilies canafford a car2With the development of our economy and society，pollution is moreand more serious3With the rapid development of science and technology，people can geta college degree by taking online-courses at home4With the current social and technological developments，employeeswith more knowledge and higher academic degrees are needed举一反三：1With the rapid increase of Chinas population，housing problem isbecoming more and more serious随着中国人口的急剧增加，住房问题越来越突出。2With more and more women entering society，peoples attitude towardswomen is changing随着越来越多的妇女走入社会，人们对妇女的态度也在改变。3With the deepening of Chinese reform and opening up，an increasing必须在文章的开头引出人们对要讨论的问题的不同看法，然后再表明自己的观点。下面就是专门针对争议性论文的一种句型。IVWhen it comes to，some people think believe that，others argue claim that opposite reverse is trueThere is probablysome truth in both argumentsstatements，but当说到，有些人认为，但另一些人则持相反的观点。这两种观点可能都有点道理，但。本结构先用when it comes to 引出话题，再用someothers这个对立的结构引出了两种相反的观点，然后说There is some truth inboth表明严谨公正的态度，最后用but很自然地引出了自己的论点。请看下面这个例子： TV，a good thing or bad thingWhen it comes to TV，some people believe that it is extremely valuable，as it provides relaxation， entertainment and education Others argue that it is harmful for it begins to control our lives and deprives people of time to do other activitiesThere is probably some truth in both sidesBut we must realize that television itself is neither good or badIt is the uses to which it is put that determines its value to society二、结尾句型英语议论文多以简要总结全文或对所讨论的问题提出解决办法来结尾。总结全文时除常用到in one a word，generally speaking等外，没有固定模式。提出解决办法时却常使用下一句型。Vtake measures to do sth例如：1We should take measures to control pollution in order to save the world2Wed better take effective measures to prevent students from cheating on exams3The government decided to take strong measures against drug abuse4Urgent measures should be taken to prevent terrorists from carryingout further attacks “引言”段落中的常用句型：1is a very popular topic which is much talked about not only by but also by .是一个非常通俗的主题，不仅是.，而且.都经常谈论这个问题。无可否认，空气污染是一个极其严重的问题：城市当局应该采取有力措施来解决它。There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extemerely serious problem: the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.3.As is known to all,众所周知4.More and more people are realizing the importance of 现在越来越多的人认识到.Tody an increasing number of people have realized that .5.From what I have mentioned above we can see clearly that从上面我所提到的，我们可以清楚地看到，. “正文”段落中常用的句型：1There are some good reasons for(分析原因)2.My suggestions to deal with the problem are as follows. In the first place, Secondly,Finally solvetackle relieve （提出建议）我对解决这个问题的建议如下。首先，.其次。最后，.My suggestions to deal with the problem are as follows .To begin with,. Secondly,. Finally ,.3.Different people have different opinions on this question. Some people believe that Othersproblem.matter. that Still others assert that（论述不同看法）人们对失败持有不同的态度。面对失败， People differ in their attitudes towards.Faced with it ,. .4.It is important (nessary, urgent, difficult, easy, expensive, desirable, abvisable, convenient, comfortable)for sb. to do sth. （发表意见）5.As a popular saying goes “Everything has two sides.” (分析利弊)常言道：“事物总是一分为二的”。. As a popular saying goes, “Everything has two sides.” .6.For example, （举例阐述）For instance, Lets take for example.就拿.为例。Less take.or example. 7.It is generally believed that accepted （引证观点）thoughtheld普遍认为，.It is generally believed (=thought) that.8. causes (produces, brings about, leads to, results in )（因果关系）毫无疑问，需求的增长导致了价格的上涨。There is no doubt that the increase in demand causes(results in/leads to) the rise in prices四级作文主要规律：1 不考热点问题，比如今年的大地震，奥运会，这些是不用准备的。2 一议论文为主，基本上就是这种结构：第一段，描述某种现象，第二段，说一下好处坏处，第三段，你的看法。基本上就是公式，就是八股文，无聊至极，正因为这样，四级作文很好备考。3 今年变了一些花样，增加了一些考核方式，也要了解：写一个anouncement，描述一个假设的事件，书信（只考过一次，这个基本上不用准备）4 不难看出，2008年12月的英语四级作文不出乎两种可能：议论文和annoucement，重点准备写一个annoucement。四级作文题： Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic It Pays to Be Honest. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese: 1.当前社会上存在着许多不诚实的现象 2.诚实利人利己，做人应该诚实范文：From the mass media and also with our own eyes, we know much dishonest behaviour existed in our society. For example, businessmen sell fake products to cheat their customers. students copy other ones homework or download illicit paper from Internet to cheat their teachers. and even worse, there are medical person produce fake medicine harming the patients. Seeing our society is filled with so man y dishonest phenomena, I cant help asking myself whats wrong with us ? When we were very young we were taught the importance of being honest. I am sure everyone must still remember that story “wolf is coming”. In the story the child kept cheating other people that wolf was coming, but when the wolf really came, nobody trusted his words and he finally suffered his own dishonesty. Also w e have heard many stories that people benefit from their virtues of honesty.So since we have already known being honest benefit both ourselves and othe r people, why many of us are still dishonest? I hope everyone to bear in mind th at being honest is the basic quality of human being人类和环境 Man and environment人类有史以来不断改变自然环境，以改善自己的生活方式。然而，人类改变自然环境并不总是带来有益的结果。今天，空气和水的污染给地球的健康造成越来越严重的危害. 现在，环境保护比以往任何时候都更为紧迫Throuthout history man has changed his physicai environment in order to improve his way of life.With the tools of technology he has altered many physical feathures of the earth.He has transtormed woodlands and prairies into farms and made lakes and reservoirs out of rivers for irrigation purposes or hydroelectric power.Man has also modified the face of the earth by draining marshes and cutting through mountains to build roads and railways.However,mans changes to the physical environment have not always had beneficial results.Today,pollution of the air and water is an increasing danger to the health of the planet.Each day thousands of tons of gases come out of the exhausts of motor vehicles.Smoke from factories pollutes the air of industrialized areas and the surrounding areas of the countryside.The pollution of water is equally harmful.The whole ecological balance of the sea is being changed and industrial wastes have already made many rivers lifeless. Now environmental protection is more pressing than everbefore.As we know,massive destruction of environment has brought about negative effects and even poses a great threat to mans existence .Indifference to these problems will mean committing suicide.Therefore,effective measures should be taken and laws passed to conserve environment.Otherwise,man is certain to suffer from the serious consequences caused by this lack of care for his living surroundings.记叙文例：A Welcome Back Celebration 1.杨玲生病，情绪低落. 2.班上同学准备cheer her up. 3.举办一场欢迎party. Yang Ling is my fellow classmate and friend. Recently she had a terrible condition and has been hospitalized for over a month. She was depressed, sad and downhearted. She told us so many things are working against her, and she didnt know how to change and redirect herself. The day before she was released from hospital, we, some of her friends decided to give a surprise to cheer her up the next day. That night, she came back, shoulders bent and head fallen. She was so deep in her bad mood that she didnt realize that her dorm is the only one in the building that is dark. She turned the key in the lock and opened the door when the room was suddenly lit like a bright day. Her eyes sparkled with delight and surprise. She saw all her classmates crowded in this tiny room. Everyone was holding something in his hand, flowers, fruits, cards, cheering, “Welcome back!” She was so moved that she burst into tears. And smile returned to her pretty face. She said “Thank you all.” heartedly. Ever since that day, happiness and delight have stayed with her. Life is so wonderful.句型一、 the + est + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen (known/heard/had/read, etc) the most + 形容词+ 名词+ (that) + 主词+ have ever + seen (known/heard/had/read, etc)例句：Jessie is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.Jessie是我所看过最美丽的女孩。Mr.Qu is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.曲老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。二、Nothing is + er than to + V Nothing is + more + 形容词+ than to + V例句：Nothing is more important than to receive education.没有比接受教育更重要的事。三、 cannot emphasize the importance of too much.(再怎么强调.的重要性也不为过。)例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。四、There is no denying that + S + V .(不可否认的.)例句：There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse. 不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。五、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子 (全世界都知道.)例句：It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。六、There is no doubt that + 句子 (毫无疑问的.)例句：There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。七、An advantage of is that + 句子(.的优点是.)例句：An advantage of using the solar energy is that it wont create (produce) any pollution.使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。八、The reason why + 句子 is that + 句子(.的原因是.)例句：The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air. / The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。 九、So + 形容词+ be + 主词+ that + 句子(如此.以致于.)例句：So precious is time that we cant afford to waste it.时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。十、Adj + as + Subject(主词)+ be, S + V (虽然.)例句：Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory. by no means = in no way = on no account一点也不虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。十一、The + er + S + V, the + er + S + V ，The + more + Adj + S + V,，the + more + Adj + S + V (愈.愈.)例句：The harder you work, the more progress you make.你愈努力，你愈进步。The more books we read, the more learned we become.我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。十二、By + Ving, can (借着.，.能够.)例句：By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。十三、 enable + Object(受词) + to + V (.使.能够.)例句：Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed.听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。十四、On no account can we + V (我们绝对不能.)例句：On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。十五、It is time + S + 过去式(该是.的时候了)例句：It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。十六、Those who (.的人.)例句：Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。十七、There is no one but (没有人不.)例句：There is no one but longs to go to college.没有人不渴望上大学.一、审题1.体裁(议论文、说明文、描述文)审题就是要审作文的体裁和题材。因为什么样的体裁就会用什么样的题材去写。就四、六级考试而言，它包括议论文、说明文和描述文。Directions: For this part, your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Trying to Be A Good University Student. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese) below:(1)做合格大学生的必要性(2)做合格大学生的必备条件(可以德智体等方面谈)(3)因为第一段要求写“.必要性”，这说明本段体裁是议论文；第二段要求写“.必备条件”，这说明本段要求写说明文；而第三段要求写“.这样做”，说明本段要求写的是描述文。在大多数情况下，四、六级作文是三种体裁的杂合体。2.根据不同体裁确定写作方法目的就在于根据不同的体裁来确定不同的写作方法。通过审题，四、六级作文大都是三段式。如上例第一段为议论体、第二段为说明体、第三段为描述体。第一段为议论文：它的写作特点是要有论点和论据，而且往往从正反两面来论述。例如上面题目的第一段的写作思路是：做合格大学生，会怎么样(这是从正面论述)；不能做倒合格大学生