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2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理 科 数 学第I卷一、选择题:本大题共12小题,每小题5分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一个是符合题目要求的。1、已知集合A=1,2,3,4,5,B=(x,y)|xA,yA,x-yA,则B中所含元素的个数为( )(A)3 (B)6 (C)8 (D)102、将2名教师,4名学生分成2个小组,分别安排到甲、乙两地参加社会实践活动,每个小组有1名教师和2名学生组成,不同的安排方案共有( )(A)12种 (B)10种 (C)9种 (D)8种3、下面是关于复数z=的四个命题( )P1:=2 P2: =2iP3:z的共轭复数为1+i P4 :z的虚部为-1其中真命题为(A). P2 ,P3 (B) P1 ,P2 (C)P2,P4 (D)P3,P44、设F1,F2是椭圆E:+=1 (ab0)的左、右焦点 ,P为直线上的一点,是底角为30的等腰三角形,则E的离心率为 ( )(A) (B) (C) (D)5、已知为等比数列,则 ( )(A)7 (B)5 (C)-5 (D)-76、如果执行右边的程序图,输入正整数和 ( )实数,输入A,B,则(A)A+B为的和(B)为的算式平均数(C)A和B分别是中最大的数和最小的数(D)A和B分别是中最小的数和最大的数7、如图,网格纸上小正方形的边长为1,粗线画出的是某几何体的三视图,则此几何体的体积为 ( )(A)6 (B)9 (C)12 (D)188、等轴双曲线的中心在原点,焦点在轴上,与抛物线的准线交于,两点,则的实轴长为 ( )(A) (B) (C) 4 (D)89、已知w0,函数在单调递减,则的取值范围是 ( )(A) (B) (C) (D)10、已知函数,则的图像大致为( )11、已知三棱锥S-ABC的所有顶点都在球O的球面上,ABC是边长为1的正三角形,SC为O的直径,且SC=2,则此棱锥的体积为 ( )(A) (B) (C) (D)12、设点P在曲线上,点Q在曲线上,则|PQ|的最小值为 ( )(A) (B) (C) (D) 第卷本卷包括必考题和选考题两部分。第13题第21题为必考题,每个试题考生都必须作答。第22题第24题为选考题,考试依据要求作答。2. 填空题:本大题共4小题,每小题5分。13、已知向量,夹角为45,且,则=_.14、设x,y满足约束条件则的取值范围为_.15、某一部件由三个电子元件按下图方式连接而成,元件1或元件2正常工作,且元件3正常工作,则部件正常工作。设三个电子元件的使用寿命(单位:小时)均服从正态分布N(1000,),且各个元件能否正常工作互相独立,那么该部件的使用寿命超过1000小时的概率为_.元件1元件3元件216、数列满足,则的前60项和为_13、 14.、-3,315、 16、1830三、解答题:解答应写出文字说明,证明过程或演算步骤。17、(本小题满分12分)已知a,b,c分别为ABC的三个内角A,B,C的对边,。解:()求A;()若,的面积为,求,。(1)由正弦定理得: (2) 18、(本小题满分12分)某花店每天以每枝5元的价格从农场购进若干枝玫瑰花,然后以每枝10元的价格出售。如果当天卖不完,剩下的玫瑰花作垃圾处理。()若花店一天购进16枝玫瑰花,求当天的利润(单位:元)关于当天需求量(单位:枝,)的函数解析式。日需求量14 151617181920频数10201616151310()花店记录了100天玫瑰花的日需求量(单位:枝),整理得下表:以100天记录的各需求量的频率作为各需求量发生的概率。()若花店一天购进16枝玫瑰花,表示当天的利润(单位:元),求的分布列、数学期望及方差;()若花店计划一天购进16枝或17枝玫瑰花,你认为应购进16枝还是17枝?请说明理由。解:(1)当时, 当时, 得: (2)(i)可取, 的分布列为 (ii)购进17枝时,当天的利润为 得:应购进17枝19、(本小题满分12分)如图,直三棱柱中,是棱的中点,。(1) 证明:;(2) 求二面角1的大小。解:(1)在中, 得: 同理: 得:面 (2)面 取的中点,过点作于点,连接 ,面面面 得:点与点重合 且是二面角的平面角 设,则, 既二面角的大小为20、(本小题满分12分)设抛物线:的焦点为,准线为l,为上一点,已知以F为圆心,为半径的圆交l于,两点。(1) 若BFD=90,的面积为,求的值及圆的方程;(2) 若三点在同一直线上,直线与平行,且与之有一个公共点,求坐标原点到,距离的比值。解:(1)由对称性知:是等腰直角,斜边 点到准线的距离 圆的方程为 (2)由对称性设,则 点关于点对称得: 得:,直线 切点 直线坐标原点到距离的比值为。21、(本小题满分12分)已知函数满足(1) 求的解析式及单调区间;(2) 若,求的最大值。解:(1) 令得: 得: 在上单调递增 得:的解析式为 且单调递增区间为,单调递减区间为 (2)得 当时,在上单调递增 时,与矛盾 当时, 得:当时, 令;则 当时, 当时,的最大值为请考生在第22、23、24题中任选一道作答,如果多做,则按所做的第一题计分。作答时请写清题号。22、(本小题满分10分)选修41;几何证明选讲如图,D,E分别为边,的中点,直线交ABC的外接圆于F,G两点,若CFAB,证明:()CD=BC;()。解:(1), (2) 23、(本小题满分10分)选修44;坐标系与参数方程已知曲线的参数方程式(为参数),以坐标原点为极点,x轴的正半轴为极轴建立坐标系,曲线的极坐标方程式。正方形的顶点都在上,且,依逆时针次序排列,点的极坐标为。()求点,的直角坐标;()设为上任意一点,求的取值范围。 解:(1)点的极坐标为 点的直角坐标为 (2)设;则 24、(本小题满分10分)选修45;不等式选讲已知函数()当时,求不等式的解集;(2)若的解集包含,求的取值范围。解:(1)当时, 或或 或 (2)原命题在上恒成立在上恒成立在上恒成立123456DACCDC789101112BCABAA答案 一、选择:2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 英语 本试题卷分第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分。考生作答时,将答案答在答题卡上(答题注意事项见答题卡),在本试题卷上答题无效。考试结束后,将本试题卷和答题卡一并交回。 第I卷第一部 听力(共两节,满分30分) 做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题:每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题每段对话仅读一遍。例:How much is the shirt?A.19.15.B. 9.15C. 9.18答案是B。1. Where does this conversation probably take place?A. In a bookstore.B. In a classroomC. In a library.2. At what time will the film begin?A. 7:20.B. 7:15.C. 7:00.3. What are the two speakers mainly talking about? A.Their friend Jane. B. A weekend trip. C. A radio programme.4. What will the woman probably do?A. Catch a train.B. See the man off.C. Go shopping.i5. Why did the woman apologize? A. She made a late delivery. B. bne went to the wrong place. C. She couldnt take the cake back.第二节(共15小题:每小题1.5分,满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有几个小题,从题中所给的A. B. C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。听第6段材料,回答第6. 7题。6.Whose CD is broken?A. Kathys.B. Mums.C. Jacks.7: What does the boy promise to do for the girl?A. Buy her a new CD.B. Do some cleaning.C. Give her 10 dollars.听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。8. What did the man think of the meal?A. Just so-soB. Quite satisfactory.C. A bit disappointing.9. What was the 15% on the bill paid for?A. The food.B. The drinks.D. The service.听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。10. Why is the man at the shop?A. To order a camera for his wifeB. To have a camera repairedC. To get a camera changed.11. What colour does the man want?A. Pink.B.Black.C. Orange.12. What will the man do afterwards?A. Make a phone call.B. Wait until further notice.C. Come again the next day.听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。13. What would Joe probably do during the Thanksgiving holiday?A. Go to a play.B. Stay at home.C. Visit Kingston.14. What is Ariel going to do in Toronto?A. Attend a party.B. Meet her aunt.C. See a car show.15. Why is Ariel in a hurry to leave?A. To call up Betty.B. To buy some DVDs.C. To pick up Daniel.16. What might be the relationship between the speakers?A. Classmates.B. Fellow workers.C. Guide and tourist.听第10段材料,回答第17至39题。17. Where does Thomas Manning work?A. In the Guinness Company.B. At a radio station.C. In a museum.18. Where did the idea of a book of records come from?A. A bird-shooting trip.B. A visit to Europe.C. A television talk show.19. When did Sir Hughs first book of records appear?A. In 1875.B. In 1950.C. In 1955.20. What are the two speakers going to talk about next?A. More records of unusual facts.B. The founder of the company.C. The oldest person in the world.第二部分 英语知识运用 (共两节,满分45分)一:单项选择 本卷单选题按照学生的平均水平看来,难度均衡,中等稍上。较难的题有两个,即33、23;稍难的题有一个,即26;四个中等难度的题,分别为22、24、28、34;其余八个题教容易做出。得分一般可以可以在10-13之间。第一节 单项琪空(共15小题:每小题1分,满分15分)从A. B. C. D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选硕,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。例: It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants.A. howeverB. whateverC. whicheverD. whenever答案是B.21 .- Which one of these do you want? -_Either will do.A. I dont mind B. Im sureC. No problem D. Go ahead21. 正选答案A 由Either will do (“随便哪一个都可以”)可知应该用答案A (I dont mind)在这里表示:不介意要哪一个。Im sure 我确定,No problem 没问题,Go ahead 继续吧,开始吧。本题是常见的情景对话题,相对容易。22. Sarah looked at finished painting with satisfaction.A.不填; aB. a; theC. the;不填D. the; a22. 正选答案C Sarah满意地看着那幅完成的画。第一空貌似可以用泛指。但是,从句子意思上看,只能特指“那幅画”最合理;第二空“with satisfaction(满意地)”是固定短语。本题属冠词考察难度中等。属冠词应用问题。尽管在2011年高考中冠词的考察并未出现在单选题中,但是它毕竟是最基本的知识范畴,因此不能忽略。23. Life is like walking in the snow, Granny used to say, because every step A. has shownB. is showingC. showsD. showed23. 正选答案C “Life is like walking in the snow, Every step shows”算是半个俗语,大意是:人生如过雪原,过而留痕。可用于指“一步一个脚印也可以指“每一步都清清楚楚,明明白白”。当然,如果不知道这句俗语,我们仍然能通过最基本的时态原则来得出答案。原句直接引述了奶奶/外婆的话,而引述部分的语言很明显只是想阐述一个道理,属于经常,习惯或者是事实,真理范畴的东西,因此用一般现在时最合理。本题对习语和时态均有考查意向,较难。24. It is by no means clear the president can do to end the strike.A. how B. which G that D. What24. 正选答案D by no mean(绝不,一点也不),end做及物动词表示“使结束”,strike 做名词指“罢工”。It 在这里做逻辑主语,后边的从句做真正的主语。很多学生会在这里直接认为它是It is(.)clear that结构。此时我们必须要注意的是:从句中缺少了do的宾语。因此,按照主语从句的关系词使用原则(作关系词,指物/事,做主语/宾语,没有特殊情况不指代“哪一个”或“是否”等含义)毫无疑问,此处应该使用what。本题属于对名词性从句(含特殊句型,It用法)的考察,难度中等,但是较容易失误。25. I dont believe weve met before, I must say you do look familiar.A. therefore B. althoughC. since D. Unless25. 正选答案B “尽管我必须承认你看起来很熟悉,但是,我认为在此之前并未见过你。”对于状语从句和关系用连词的考察,较容易!26. The result is not very important to us, but if we do win, then so much A. the bestB. bestC. betterD. the better26. 正选答案D “这个结果对我们来说不重要,但是如果我们就是赢了,那就再好不过了”。Then在此表示“那么”。“so much the better(那再好不过了)是固定短语。本题对固定短语进行考察,难度中上!27. Mary is really good at taking notes in class. She can almost every word her teacher says.A. put out B. put down C. put away D. put together27. 正选答案 B Put out 扑灭,熄灭;put away 收好,放起来;put together 放在一起(也可以不看成固定结构)put down/write down /take down/set down均可表示写下,记下的意思。本题对常见的短语动词进行考察,较容易。28. The party will be held in the garden, weather A. permitting B. to permit C. permitted D. Permit28. 正选答案 A 很有趣的是今年高考题中竟然出现了独立结构的考察,这部分内容因为理解上不容易,在近些年来常常被学生们忽视。但是在高一年级的课本中这样的结构就已经学习过。如time permitting/weather permitting 某个非句子状语中的非谓语动词,其逻辑主语主语并非全句的主语时,当然要用独立主格结构。本题难度适中,考察非谓语动词的特殊式(独立主格结构)。29. This restaurant wasnt that other restaurant we went to.A. half as good as B. as half good as C as good as half D. good as half as29. 正选答案A 在as.as结构中,如果出现分数、倍数、百分数,应放在第一个as之前。本题考察as.as结构顺序,常规,较容易。30.1 use a clock to wake me up because at six oclock each morning the train comesby my house. -A. couldnt B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. neednt30. 正选答案D “我不必用闹钟叫醒自己,因为每天早上六点都与火车从我叫附近经过”。本题是对情态动词基本含义的考察,易。31. Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but of them wants to,because they have work to do.-A. either B. any C. neither D none31. 正选答案C Bill和Peter是两个人;但是“不得不去工作”。所以,“两个人中任何一个都不想去”。符合这种含义的词只有neither。本题对代词(结构)进行考察,易。32. Film has a much shorter history, especially when such art forms as music andpainting.A. having compared to B. comparing to-C. compare to D. compared to32. 正选答案D 在时间/条件状语从句中可以省略相同的主语(或做主语的It)以及谓语动词中所含的be(含其变形)。考察省略,易。33.1 had been working on math for the whole aftensoon and the numbers before myeyes.A. swim B. swum C. swam D. had swum33. 正选答案C “有一段时间我一直在学数学,眼前都是游动的数字。”前边给出的时态是过去完成进行时。“眼前有数字游动”可以和过去完成进行时的时间重合,也可以延续下去,但都是说发生过的动作,没有明显的限制条件。同时,后句涵义更强调于动作的“发生”本身。根据以上判断,应该是一般过去时最合理。本题考察时态,较难。但凡时态题,多是先看语意,然后选结构,而不是用结构去套意思!34. You have to move out of the way the truck cannot get past youA. so B.or C and D. But34. 正选答案B “你必须得让个地方,否则这辆卡车过不去。”本题仍然是对连词含义的考察,看明白can后的not 否则会选and(祈使句+and),难度不高,但容易失误。35. If she doesnt want to go, nothing you can say will her.A persuade B. promise C. invite D. Support(3) 正选答案A “如果她想走,你说什么都劝服不了”。You can say是nothing后的定语从句,拿掉看效果更好!本题考察单个词的含义,易。第二节 完形填空 (共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A, B, C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all! It speaks 36than words. According to specialists, our bodies send out more 37 than we realize. Infact, non-verbal(非言语)communication takes up about 50% of what we really 38 .Andbody language is particularly _ 39 when we attempt to communicate across cultures.Indeed, what is called body language is so 40 a part of us that its actually oftenunnoticed. And misunderstandings occur as a result of it.41 ,different societies treat the42 between people differently. Northern Europeans usually do not like having4 3contact(接触)even with friends, and certainly not with 44- . People from Latin Americancountries,45,touch each other quite a lot. Therefore, its possible that in 46 . it maylook like a Latino is一 47一 a Norwegian all over the room. The Latino, trying to expressfriendship, will keep moving 48 _. The Norwegian, very probably seeing this as pushiness,will keep 49一一which the Latino will in return regard as一 50- .Clearly, a great deal is going on when people 51 . And only a part of it is in thewords themselves. And when parties are from 52 cultures, theres a strong possibility of53. But whatever the situation, the best 54 is to obey the Golden Rule: treat othersas you would like to be _5536. A. straighterB. louderC. harderD. further37. A. soundsB. invitationsC. feelingsD. messages38. A. hopeB. receiveC. discoverD. mean39. A. immediateB. misleadingC. importantD. difficult40. A. wellB. farC. muchD. long41. A. For exampleB. ThusC. HoweverD. In short42. A. tradeB. distanceC. connectionD. greetings43. A. eyeB. verbalC. bodilyD. telephone44. A. strangersB. relativesC. neighbourD. enemies45 A. in other wordsB. on the other hand C. in a similar way D. by all means46. A. troubleB. conversationC. silenceD. experimem47. A. disturbingB. helpingC. guidingD. following48. A. closerB. fasterC. inD. away49. A. stepping forward B. going onC. backing awayD. coming out50. A. weaknessB. carelessnessC. friendlinessD. coldness51. A. talkB. travelC. laughD. think52. A. different B. European C. Latino D. rich 53. A. curiosity B. excitement c misunderstanding D. nervousness54. A. chance B. time C. result D. advice55. A. noticed B. treated C respected D. Pleased二:完形填空 关于完形填空,同样不出预料的难度未变。某种程度上来说。还稍微简单了一点点,也许是因为它不再是故事类的文章,而是近似科普类,所以行文和语言内部逻辑关系上都更加紧密了。上下语境分析要远重于知识点的考察,接近于考察语言理解和运用能力的本质。36、48-50 四个空稍难;28、44、47三个空难度中等,其余13个较为容易。好在48-50题是一连串的场景,只要能理解句子意思,就能连贯正确。平均得分23-27。36. B Actions speak louder than words “事实胜于雄辩”根据空前的speak和这个成语可以判断正选是B louder。难。37. D 我们的肢体可以传递更多的信息(message/information)。38. D 非语言类交流在表达我们真正的用意(mean)时,占大约50%。中。39. C 当我们跨文化交流时,肢体语言尤其重要(important)。40. C 肢体语言是如此(so)大量(much)的一部分,以至于(that)我们经常未能注意到。中。41. A 空格后有逗号,例子单一,因此我们选定 for example。42. B不同文化之间,对待在交流中彼此的距离(distance)是不同的。43. C 在北欧国家即使是朋友之间,他们也不喜欢身体上的(bodily)接触。更别说陌生(stranger)人了。44. A 见43。中。45. B 从另一方面说(on the other hand)拉丁美洲的碰触彼此非常的多,因此在交谈(conversation)中,很可能出现一个拉美人满屋子追着(following)一个挪威人这样的情境。46. B 见4547. D 见45,中。48. A 拉美人为了表达友谊,会持续拉近(closer)距离。难。49. C 挪威人认为这样很粗鲁或是一种逼迫。将会一直退后(backing away),拉美人反而会认为这是一种冷淡(coldness)。难。50. D见49.难。51. A 诸如此类的事在交谈(talk)中,不断发生。52. A 当人们来自不同(different)文化时,很可能产生误解(misunderstanding)53. C见52.54. D最好的建议(advice)就是以你自己想要别人怎么对待(treated)你的方式去对待别人(己所不欲,勿施于人)。55. B 见54.第三部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题:每小题2分,满分30分) 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A. B. C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑AAre you looking for some new and exciting places to take your kids to? Try some ofthese places:. Visit art museums. They offer a variety of activities to excite your kids interest. Manyoffer workshops for making hand-made pieces, traveling exhibits, book signings(签名) by childrens favorite writers, and even musical performances and other arts. Head to a natural history museum. This is where kids can discover the past fromdinosaur models to rock collections and pictures of stars in the sky. Also, ask what kind of workshops and educational programs are prepared for kids and any special events that are coming up. Go to a Youtheater. Look for one in your area offering plays for child and familyvisitors. Pre-show play shops are conducted by area artists and educators where kidscan discover the secret about performing arts. Puppet (木偶) making and stagemake-up are just a couple of the special offerings you might find. Try hands-on science. Visit one of the many hands-on science museums around thecountry. These science play-lands are great fun for kids and grown-ups alike. Theyllkeep your child mentally and physically active the whole day through while pushingbuttons, experimenting, and building. When everyone is tired, enjoy a fun familyscience show, commonly found in these museums.56. If a child is interested in the universe, he probably will visitA. a YoutheaterB. an art museum -C. a natural history museumD. a hands-on science museum57. What can kids do at a Youtheater?A. Look at rock collections.B. See dinosaur models.C. Watch puppet making.D. Give performances.58. What does hands-on science mean in the last paragraph?A. Science games designed by kids.B. Learning science by doing things.C. A show of kids science work.D. Reading science books.59. Where does this text probably come from?A. A science textbook.B. A tourist map.C. A museum guide.D. A news report. BHoney from the African forest is not only a kind of natural sugar, it is also delicious.Most people, and many animals, like eating it. However, the only way for them to get thathoney is to find a wild bees nest and take the honey from it. Often, these nests are high up intrees, and it is difficult to find them. In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking forhoney have a strange and unexpected helper - a little bird called a honey guide.The honey guide does not actually like honey, but it does like the wax in the beehives (蜂房). The little bird cannot reach this wax, which is deep inside the bees nest. So, when it finds a suitable nest, it looks for someone to help it. The honey guide gives a loud cry that attracts the attention of both passing animals and people. Once it has their attention, it flies through the forest, waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person as it leads them to the nest. When they finally arrive at the nest, the follower reaches in to

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