广东省湛江第一中学2018-2019学年高二英语上学期第二次大考试题（含解析）.doc

广东省湛江第一中学2018-2019学年高二英语上学期第二次大考试题（含解析）第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。asafety and security proceduresyour safety and the security of your personal property are of the primary concern to those of us who welcome you as our guest. we urge you to take advantage of the following suggestions.guest room securityfor additional security, use the deadbolt (插锁) provided on your door and make sure the windows are locked. as an additional precautious measure, please secure the secondary locks provided. do not admit anyone to your room without first making identification. a one-way viewer is provided in your door to assist with identification. if there is any doubt about the persons identity, please contact the front desk.safety boxesdo not leave money or valuables in your room or vehicle. we provide free safety boxes for you. we are not responsible for items left in room valued over $200.keyssafeguard your key. please do not leave it in the door. do not give your key to others or leave it unattended. please leave your key at the front desk when you check out.fireplease familiarize yourself with the nearest fire exits. report fire or smoke to the hotel operator. in the unlikely event of a fire, please move quickly and calmly to the nearest safe exit and leave the building. avoid the use of the elevator.1. what should you do with a suspicious-looking stranger who knocks at your door?a. pretend you are not in the room.b. send him to the police station.c. get in touch with the front desk.d. let him in to make sure of his identity.2. where are you advised to put your valuable things when you go out?a. in your cars.b. in the room.c. at the front desk.d. in the free safety box.3. what should you do when a fire breaks out according to the passage?a. try your best to put out the fire.b. report fire to your leader first.c. leave the building through the safe exit.d. use the electric lift to leave as fast as possible.4. where might you see these suggestions?a. at a gym.b. at a hotel.c. at a shop.d. at a bank.【答案】1. c 2. d 3. c 4. b【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文向住酒店的顾客介绍了关于安全的一些建议。【1题详解】细节理解题。由guest room security中“if there is any doubt about the persons identity, please contact the front desk”可知，如果对这个人的身份有任何疑问，请与前台联系。所以如果一个形迹可疑的陌生人来敲门，应该联系前台。故选c项。【2题详解】细节理解题。由safety boxes中的“we provide free safety boxes for you”可知，我们为您提供免费的保险箱。所以当你外出时，你应该把你的贵重物品放在免费的保险箱里。故选d项。【3题详解】细节理解题。由fire中的“in the unlikely event of a fire. please move quickly and calmly to the nearest safe exit and leave the building”可知，万一发生火灾，请迅速冷静地转移到最近的安全出口并离开大楼。所以当火灾发生时你应该从安全出口离开大楼。故选c项。【4题详解】推理判断题。通读全文尤其是guest room security中的“please contact the front desk”以及 keys“please leave your key at the front desk when you check out”可知，联系前台以及退房时请把钥匙放在前台。所以判断出短文向住酒店的顾客介绍了关于安全的一些建议，所以这些建议来自于酒店。故选b项。bmy 16-year-old son, anton, had gone to the local swimming hole. most kids swam there, and there were plenty of rocks for them to use as safe harbors, so i had no fears for his safety.still, the firefighters first words “you need to come up here to the stillwater river” made me catch my breath and his follow-up words gave me relief: “your son is ok.”when i got to the river, i immediately saw the firetruck, ambulance and anton, wrapped with a towel about his shoulders, sitting quietly on a low platform of the fire engine.i hurried over to him. “you ok?” i asked.“yeah,” was all that he said. but my eyes begged for an explanation, i didnt get it from my son, however, who tends to play his cards close to his vest.the story was this: a woman was being swept under water. hearing the cries, anton and his friend tyler, without hesitation, swam out to her, and brought her safely to shore.in an age in which the word “hero” is broadcast with abandon and seemingly applied to anyone who make it through the day, i realized the real thing in my son. the teens are stubborn and self-centered, but that didnt mean they have no desire to do good.still shocked by my sons daring, i drove him home. along the way, i tried to dig out some more information from himbut he had precious little to say. the only words he said were, “whats for supper?”i spent some time alone that evening, thinking about the tragedy that might have been. the next morning, when anton got up, i half expected him to tell me the story. but all he did was toast some bread, pull himself together, and head for the door to start a new day. watching from the window, i was reminded that still water often runs deep.5. why did the mother allow her son to swim there?a. because he was an excellent swimmer.b. because the water of the river was shallow.c. because he was old enough to swim.d. because the rocks could be of help if there is danger.6. the underlined part “who tends to play his cards close to his vest” probably means _a. anton is a boy fond of swimming with other kidsb. anton is unwilling to tell others what he thinksc. anton always has a desire to help othersd. anton seldom changes his mind7. in the mothers eyes, what her son did was _.a. dangerous but interestingb. unexpected and courageousc. meaningful but difficultd. awful and absurd8. what might be the best title for the passage?a. my son, my herob. anton, a silent boyc. a good deedd. a proud mother【答案】5. d 6. b 7. b 8. a【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。短文主要讲了作者的儿子去游泳时，救人的故事。在母亲的眼里，他的儿子做的事情意想不到并且很勇敢。【5题详解】细节理解题。由第一段“there were plenty of rocks for them to use as safe harbors, so i had no fears for his safety”可知，那里有很多岩石可以作为安全的港湾，所以作者不担心儿子的安全。所以母亲允许她的儿子在那里游泳是因为如果有危险的话，岩石有助于帮助脱险。故选d项。【6题详解】词句猜测题。由第五段“yeah,” was all that he said. but my eyes begged for an explanation, i didnt get it from my son, however, who tends to play his cards close to his vest.”可知。“是的”他只说了这么一句。但是我乞求一个解释，我没有从我的儿子那里得到什么，然而，我的儿子不愿意告诉别人他的想法。所以通过上下文的语境可以判断出， 划线部分“who usually play his cards close to his vest”意思是anton不愿意告诉别人他的想法。故选b项。【7题详解】推理判断题。由倒数第三段“i realized the real thing in my son.”以及倒数第二段“still shocked by my sons daring”可知，作者意识到了儿子做了一件了不起的事情。作者仍然被儿子的勇敢所震惊。所以通过关键词“real thing，shocked，daring”可知，在母亲眼里，她儿子所做的出乎意料且很勇敢。故选b项。【8题详解】主旨大意题。通过全文可知，短文主要讲了作者的儿子去游泳时，救人的故事。在母亲的眼里，他的儿子做的事情意想不到并且很勇敢。所以短文的最佳标题为“我的儿子，我的英雄”。故选a项。【点睛】抓住特定信息进行逆向或者正向推理。做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。由倒数第三段“i realized the real thing in my son.”以及倒数第二段“still shocked by my sons daring”可知，作者意识到了儿子做了一件了不起的事情，但这并不意味着他们没有行善的欲望。作者仍然被儿子的勇敢所震惊。所以通过关键词“real thing，shocked，daring”可知，在母亲眼里，她儿子所做的出乎意料且很勇敢。故小题3选b项。cstaying positive through cold season could be the best defence against getting sick, a new american study suggests.in an experiment that exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus, researchers found that people with a generally sunny character were less likely to fall ill. the findings, published in the journal psychosomatic medicine, build on evidence that a “positive emotional style” can help keep away from the common cold and other illnesses.“people with a positive emotional style may have different immune responses to the virus,” explained lead study author dr. sheldon cohen of carnegie mellon university in pittsburgh. “and when they do get a cold, they may experience their illness as less severe.”cohen and his colleagues had found in a previous study that happier people seemed less susceptible to catching a cold, but some questions remained as to whether the emotional quality itself had the effect.for the new study, the researchers had 193 healthy adults complete standard measures of personality qualities, physical health and “emotional style”. those who tended to be happy, energetic and easy-going were judged as having a positive emotional style, while those who were often unhappy, tense and hostile had a negative style.afterwards, the researchers gave them nose drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu virus that causes flu-like symptoms. over the next six days the volunteers reported on any aches, pains, sneezing they had. cohen and his colleagues found that happy people were less likely to develop a cold. whats more, when happy folks did develop a cold, their symptoms were less severe than they would be expected based on objective measures.in contrast, people with negative characters were not at increased risk of developing a cold based on objective measures, though they did tend to get down about their symptoms.“we find that its really positive emotions that have the big effect”, cohen said, “not the negative ones.”so can a bad-tempered person fight a cold by deciding to be happy?9. the purpose of cohens new study was to _.a. find effective ways to fight illnessesb. test peoples different immune responses to cold virusc. tell differences between happy people and unhappy peopled. examine whether health was related to emotional styles10. how did cohen reach his conclusion?a. by comparing the experimental results of different groups.b. by asking the volunteers to complete a form.c. by collecting data among people with a cold.d. by observing the volunteers symptoms.11. we can conclude from the text that_.a. success is the twin of positive spiritsb. we get more by being more positivec. the happier we are, the fewer colds we will sufferd. physical health is more important than mental health【答案】9. d 10. a 11. c【解析】这是一篇说明文。最近一项研究表明，积极乐观的心态可以帮人们在寒冷的冬天抵御疾病的侵袭。【9题详解】推理判断题。由第五段“the researchers had 193 healthy adults complete standard measures of personality qualities, physical health and “emotional style”those who tended to be happy, energetic and easy-going were judged as having a positive emotional style, while those who were often unhappy, tense and hostile had a negative style”可知。研究人员让193名健康成年人完成了人格品质、身体健康和“情感态度”的标准测量。那些倾向于快乐、精力充沛和随和的人被认为具有积极的情感态度，而那些经常不快乐、紧张和有敌意的人则具有消极的情感态度。所以通过实验的对象和结果可以判断出，cohen新的研究的目的是测试健康是否与情感态度有关。故选d项。【10题详解】细节理解题。由倒数第三，第四段“when happy folks did develop a cold, their symptoms were less severe than they would be expected based on objective measures. in contrast, people with negative characters were not at increased risk of developing a cold based on objective measures, though they did tend to get down about their symptoms”可知，快乐的人确实患了感冒，但他们的症状并不像根据客观标准所预期的那么严重。相比之下，性格消极的人患感冒的风险并不像根据客观标准所预期的而增加，尽管他们确实倾向于把自己的症状写下来。所以 cohen是通过比较不同组的实验结果得出的结论。故选a项。【11题详解】推理判断题。由第二段，第四段“researchers found that people with a generally sunny character were less likely to fall ill .happier people seemed less susceptible to catching a cold”可知，研究人员发现，性格开朗的人患病的可能性较小。更加快乐的人似乎不太容易感冒。所以通过实验所得出的结论，我们可以从短文中得出结论，我们越快乐，我们患感冒几率就越少。故选c项。deco-friendly vauban, located in the southwest of germany, is a city where less than 20% residents(居民) own cars, since parking spots are a no-no on private property. most of the residents get around vauban by walking or biking, according to a report from abc news. can an eco-friendly city like vauban be a model for americans to stop their over-reliance on the cars?sometimes when i watch a news report whats in the back of my mind is what isnt being reported or stressed. while this eco-friendly city is inspiring in that it shows residents getting exercise and fresh air through the majority use of bicycles, as well as good old fashioned walking, common sense would tell you that even for a place like vauban, germany, it owes its existence to the cars.do you think that bicycles were able to transport all the construction materials that were needed to build and maintain the eco-friendly homes and businesses in vauban? it took cars to help build this utopia. it is one of the paradoxes(矛盾) of life that sometimes in order to get away from relying on something like the car, you actually have to rely on that very thing at the beginning and into the foreseeable future to some degree.i myself havent owned a car for more than 14 years, and mostly get around town running, walking, or using public transportation. there are times i wish i had one, since it would make many things easier, but overall im glad not to have to deal with the headaches of owning a car, which caused me to get rid of it in the first place. and all the walking and running has helped to keep me fit and healthy.to get even close to being like eco-friendly vauban, americans will need to absolutely change the way they live. commuting (乘车上下班) patterns will have to change, public transport will have to be invested in, etc. and though ending our love affair with the car will be impossible during my lifetime, we may at least start to see more vauban-like areas in the usa.we can hope that americans will consider using their feet more to get around, cutting down on pollution, and giving themselves some more exercise.12. why dont over 80% of the residents in vauban own a car?a. the streets there are very narrow.b. they dont have private parking spots.c. the government limits the number of cars.d. they are too poor to buy cars.13. how does the author feel about not owning a car?a. angry.b. proud.c. great.d. regretful.14. what should be done to build a utopia-like vauban in the usa?a. throwing away the cars.b. forbidding using the cars.c. producing more electric cars.d. improving public transportation.15. what is the purpose of the text?a. to warn americans not to use cars any more.b. to introduce the eco-friendly vauban to americans.c. to call on americans to build more eco-friendly cities in the usa.d. to compare the differences between vauban and cities in the usa.【答案】12. b 13. c 14. d 15. c【解析】【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。短文介绍了位于德国的西南部的vauban，它是一座环保城市。通过介绍这个城市意在呼吁美国人在美国应该建设更多的像vauban这样的环保城市。【12题详解】细节理解题。由第一段“eco-friendly vauban, located in the southwest of germany, is a city where less than 20% residents(居民) own cars, since parking spots are a no-no on private property”可知，在vauban只有不到20% 的居民有车，因为他们没有私人停车场。所以为什么vauban超过80%的居民没有车，是因为他们没有私人停车场。故选b项。【13题详解】推理判断题。由倒数第三段“but overall im glad not to have to deal with the headaches of owning a car, which caused me to get rid of it in the first place. and all the walking and running has helped to keep me fit and healthy”可知，但总的来说，作者很高兴不必为拥有车而头疼，因为作者一开始就没有车。散步和跑步帮助作者保持健康。所以通过作者所说的话可以判断出，作者觉得没有车也很好。故选c项。【14题详解】细节理解题。由倒数第二段“ public transport will have to be invested in, etc”可知，必须投资于公共交通。所以在美国建立一个像vauban那样的乌托邦应该改善公共交通。故选d项。【15题详解】推理判断题。通读全文尤其是倒数后两段“we may at least start to see more vauban-like areas in the usa. we can hope that americans will consider using their feet more to get around, cutting down on pollution, and giving themselves some more exercise.”可知，但我们至少可以开始在美国看到更多类似于vaubana的地方。我们希望美国人能考虑多走路，减少污染，多锻炼身体。所以这篇短文的目的是呼吁美国人在美国建设更多的环保城市。故选c项。【点睛】根据文章中人物所说的话的内容是解决推理判断题的重要方法，因为通过所说的内容，我们可以判断出，作者所要想表达的观点是积极的还是消极的，是中立的还是支持或者否定某一方，对事情是关心的还是冷漠的。是在提出建议还是在提出具体的解决措施。由倒数第三段“but overall im glad not to have to deal with the headaches of owning a car, which caused me to get rid of it in the first place. and all the walking and running has helped to keep me fit and healthy”可知，但总的来说，作者很高兴不必为拥有车而头疼，因为作者一开始就没有车。散步和跑步帮助作者保持健康。所以通过作者所说的话可以判断出，作者觉得没有车也很好。故小题2选c项。第二节（共5小题，每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。your homework habits might be affecting your grades. _16_ however, you can change the way you feel by taking better care of your mind and your body.use a planner.do you know that poor organization skills can reduce your final scores by a whole letter grade? _17_ who can afford to score a big fat “0” on a paper, just because we get lazy and dont pay attention to the due date? nobody wants to get an “f” because of forgetfulness.communicate with parents.it sounds simple enough, but students dont always realize how much parents can stress out about this. _18_ whenever parents see a small sign of potential failure, they may be afraid of its potential to become a big failure._19_studies show that teens natural sleep patterns are different from those of adults. this often causes them to have trouble going to sleep at night, and have trouble waking up in the mornings. you can avoid some of the problems by changing some of your night time habits.improve your memory.a great way to improve homework habits is to improve your memory with brain exercise. _20_ ancient accounts show that early greek orators used the “loci” method of remembering long speeches. you may be able to use this method to enhance your memory at test time.a. get the sleep that you need.b. parents are concerned about your success.c. never sleep later than your parents at night.d. there are many ideas about improving memories.e. you may feel bored when it comes to homework time.f. students often do their homework late at night every day.g. thats why you should learn how to use a day planner the right way.【答案】16. e 17. g 18. b 19. a 20. d【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文就如何培养健康的写家庭作业习惯提出了一些建议。【16题详解】由“however, you can change the way you feel by taking better care of your mind and your body.”可知，然而，你可以通过更好地对待你的身心健康来改变你的感觉。所以小题1既要与下一句构成转折关系，又要对上句进行解释。故e选项“当涉及到家庭作业时间时，你可能会感到厌烦”切题。故选e项。【17题详解】由“do you know that poor organization skills can reduce your final scores by a whole letter grade”可知，你知道吗，糟糕的组织能力会让你的最终成绩降低整整一个字母等级。所以小题2要说明前一句就是为什么你应该学会如何用正确使用一日计划的原因。故g选项“这就是为什么你应该学会如何正确使用一日计划的原因”切题。故选g项。【18题详解】由“whenever parents see a small sign of potential failure, they may be afraid of its potential to become a big failure.”可知，每当父母看到一个潜在失败的小迹象，他们可能会害怕它成为一个大的失败。所以小题3要总述父母关心你的失败，然后在接着具体说。故选b项。【19题详解】由“studies show that teens natural sleep patterns are different from those of adults. this often causes them to have trouble going to sleep at night, and have trouble waking up in the mornings. you can avoid some of the problems