专八人文知识复习题总结--文化概况.doc

美国概况1. The traditional dividing line in America between “east” and “west” is the Mississippi River.(密西西比河也是美国最长最为重要的河流，被美国人“众河之父”Father of Waters)2. Non-Hispanic white is the largest racial group in the whole population of U.S. A.3. Before 2000, the largest minority group in the United States is African Americans. 2000年前美国黑人是美国人数最多的少数民族，2000年后Hispanics/Latinos也就是拉丁裔的美国人成为美国人数最多的少数民族。4. America has the worlds oldest written constitution and political party.5. As to roles of American president, which is NOT precisely defined in the U. S. Constitution?A. He is the head of the stateB. He is the chief executive of the U. S.C. He is the commander in chief of the armed forcesD. He is the head of his political party6. The economic problems caused by the depression in 1929 were eventually solved by the New Deal. (proposed by F. D. Roosevelt) 7. The New England regions cultural character was shaped largely by Puritan spirit.8. California is the largest state in terms of size and population in America.9. Which of the following is NOT Americas newspaper?A. Wall Street Journal B. USA todayC. Guardian (英国卫报) D. The Milwaukee Journal10. ABC, CBS, NBC, PBS, CNN, MTV, HBO等都是美国主要的新闻与有线电视网络(News and Cable Networks)11. To the west of mainland America lies the Pacific Ocean. 美国大陆东部则是大西洋。12. Detroit, a U. S. city bordering Lake Erie, is famous for its automobile industry.13. New York City is the largest city and the chief port of the United States.14. Washington D. C. is named after both George Washington and Christopher Columbus.15. The U. S. Congress has the power to make these laws except of _. A. defense B. citizenship and naturalization C. marriage D. the regulation of foreign trade16. The first American president to be elected from the Republican Party was Abraham Lincoln.17. Of the fifty states, the smallest state in area is Rhode Island. 18. The national flag of the United States is known as the Star-Spangled Banner.19. The number of the Representatives from each American state depends on the population.20. The statue of liberty was given to American people by France as a gift in 1884.21. Franklin D. Roosevelts presidential term is the longest. (12 years)22. American Civil War broke out in 1861 and finished in 1865.23. Thomas Jefferson prepared the draft of the Declaration of Independence.24. In 31 October Halloween is celebrated.25. The US was rated fourth in the world in terms of land area.26. The seats in the Senate are allocated to different states equally. (two for each state)27. Hollywood, the center of American movie industry, is closest to Los Angeles.28. The first Puritans came to America on the ship May Flower.英国概况1. Which of the following does not belong to the Island of Great Britain? A. England B. Scotland C. Ireland D. Wales2. Modern football game began in England.3. In Britain education is compulsory for children between the ages of 5 to 16.4. The longest river in Britain is the Severn River.5. The general election in Britain is held every five years.6. “God Save the Queen” is the national anthem of Britain.7. In 1588 the English fleet defeated the Spanish Armada and established the supremacy over the sea.8. Big Ben is a famous clock in London.9. In 1066 William the Conqueror led the Norman army in invading and defeating England.10. The Times is the British oldest daily newspaper.11. The Industrial Revolution started in the Great Britain.12. Margaret Thatcher is the first female Prime Minister in the history of Great Britain.13. The capital of Wales is Cardiff.14. There are two major national parties in Britain: the Conservative party and the Labor party.15. The new agency Reuters（路透社）was founded in London.16. The Anglo-Saxons were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England.17. Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland. Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland.18. The British Parliament consists of three elements: the Crown, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.加拿大概况1. Maples are always used to symbolize Canada.2. Canada was originally one colony of England.3. The official languages of Canada are English and French.4. The largest city in Canada is Toronto.5. Canada was rated second in the world in terms of land area.澳大利亚概况1. Australia, as the worlds smallest continent and largest island, has a small population in relation to its size.2. The national day of Australia is January 26, the date of the first European settlement of the continent in January 26, 1788.3. The capital of Australia is Canberra.4. The largest city in Australia is Sidney.新西兰概况1. The largest city in New Zealand is Auckland.2. The Maori（毛利人）are the indigenous people of New Zealand, and have a rich and varied culture.3. James Cook claimed that Australia and New Zealand belonged to Britain in 1770.专八人文辅导05年专八人文真题回放PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)31. _ is the capital city of Canada.A. VancouverB. Ottawa C. MontrealD. York32. U.S. presidents normally serves a (an) _term.A. two-yearB. four-year C. six-yearD. eight-year33. Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast, U.S.?A. Huston. B. Boston.C. Baltimore.D. Philadelphia.34. _ is the state church in England.A. The Roman Catholic Church.B. The Baptist ChurchC. The Protestant ChurchD. The Church of England 注：The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England and acts as the mother and senior branch of the worldwide Anglican Communion as well as a founding member of the Porvoo Communion.35. The novel Emma is written byA. Mary Shelley.B. Charlotte Bront?.C. Elizabeth C. Gaskell.D. Jane Austen. 36. Which of following is NOT a romantic poet?A. William Wordsworth.B. George Elliot. C. George G. Byron.D. Percy B. Shelley.37. William Sidney Porter, known as O. Henry, is most famous forA. his poems.B. his plays.C. his short stories. D. his novels注：O. Henry was the pen name of William Sydney Porter (September 11, 1862 - June 5, 1910), He was famous for his short stories and a master of the surprise ending, O. Henry is remembered best for such enduring favorites as The Gift of the Magi and The Ransom of Red Chief. The combination of humor and sentiment found in his stories is the basis of their universal appeal.38. Syntax is the study of A. language functions.B. sentence structures. C. textual organization.D. word formation.注：Definition of Syntax:a. The study of the rules whereby words or other elements of sentence structure are combined to form grammatical sentences.b. A publication, such as a book, that presents such rules.c. The pattern of formation of sentences or phrases in a language.d. Such a pattern in a particular sentence or discourse.39. Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language?A. Arbitrariness. 任意性B. Productivity. 丰富性C. Cultural transmission. 文化传播性D. Finiteness. 局限性 ？注：design feature: features that define our human languages,such as arbitrariness,duality,creativity,displacement,cultural transmission,etc. 相关内容请点击查看：胡壮麟语言学教程课后答案40. The speech act theory was first put forward byA. John Searle.B. John Austin. C. Noam Chomsky.D. M.A.K. Halliday.注：John Langshaw Austin (March 28, 1911 - February 8, 1960) was a philosopher of language, who developed much of the current theory of speech acts. He was born in Lancaster and educated at Balliol College, Oxford. After serving in MI6 during World War II, Austin became Whites Professor of Moral Philosophy at Oxford. He occupies a place in the British philosophy of language alongside Wittgenstein in staunchly advocating the examination of the way words are used in order to elucidate meaning.2006年英语专八人文知识真题答案31. The Presidents during the American Civil War was. A. Andrew Jackson B. Abraham Lincoln C. Thomas Jefferson D. George Washington 32. The capital of New Zealand is .A. Christchurch B. Auckland C. Wellington D. Hamilton 33. Who were the natives of Australia before the arrival of the British settlers? A. The Aborigines B. The Maori C. The Indians D. The Eskimos 34. The Prime Minister in Britain is head of .A. the Shadow Cabinet B. the ParliamentC. the Opposition D. the Cabinet 35.Which of the following writers is a poet of the 20th century?A.T.S.Eliot B.D.H.Lawrence C.Theodore Dreiser D.James Joyce 36.The novel For Whom the Bell Tolls is written byA. Scott Fitzgerald B. William FaulknerC. Eugene ONeil D. Ernest Hemingway 37._ is defined as an expression of human emotion which is condensed into fourteen linesA. Free verse B. Sonnet C. Ode D. Epigram 英语考试网 38.What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is the notion ofA. reference B. meaning C. antonymy D. context 39.The wordskid,child,offspring are examples ofA.dialectal synonyms B.stylistic synonymsC.emotive synonyms D.collocational synonyms 40.The distinction between parole and langue was made byA.Halliay B.Chomsky C.Bloomfield D.Saussure 2007年英语专业八级历年试卷及参考答案（人文部分）31. The majority of the current population in the UK are decedents of all the following tribes respectively EXCEPTA. the AnglosB. the CeltsC. the Jutes D. the Saxons32. The Head of State of Canada is represented byA. the MonarchB. the PresidentC. the Prime MinisterD. the Governor-general 33. The Declaration of Independence was written byA. Thomas Jefferson B. George WashingtonC. Alexander HamiltonD. James Madison34. The original inhabitants of Australia wereA. the Red IndiansB. the EskimosC. the Aborigines D. the Maoris35. Which of the following novels was written by Emily Bronte?A. Oliver TwistB. MiddlemarchC. Jane EyreD. Wuthering Heights 36. William Butler Yeats was a(n) _ poet and playwright.A. AmericanB. CanadianC. Irish D. Australian37. Death of a Salesman was written byA. Arthur Miller B. Ernest HemingwayC. Ralph EllisonD. James Baldwin38. _ refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules of word formation.A. PhonologyB. Morphology C. SemanticsD. Sociolinguistics39. The distinctive features of a speech variety may be all the following EXCEPTA. lexicalB. syntacticC. phonologicalD. psycholinguistic 40. The word tail once referred to “the tail of a horse”, but now it is used to mean “the tail of any animal.” This is an example ofA. widening of meaning B. narrowing of meaningC. meaning shiftD. loss of meaning2008年英语专八人文知识真题答案1. The largest city in Canada is _.A. Vancouver B. Montreal C. Toronto D. Ottawa2.