【增分精讲精炼】2014年高考英语语法复习专题巧突破第一部分专项专讲：特殊句式.doc

特殊句式及其他20112013课标区高考考点统计考情解读 年份数量考点201320122011合计从近几年高考试题分析可知，部分倒装是倒装句考查中的主体；强调句主要考查强调句的基本结构；省略句主要和非谓语动词一块考查；主谓一致常常和动词的时态、语态一起考查。总的来说，特殊句式考查的综合性和情景性越来越强。倒装句66517强调句33410省略句2204主谓一致3227反意疑问句0123祈使句1225感叹句0022倒装句的五大句型：NAOSH句型一：N代表none, neither, nor, not, never, hardly, little, seldom等否定词，以及由no构成的否定短语如at no time, by no means等置于句首的部分倒装1(2013福建高考)Not until he went through real hardship _ the love we have for our families is important.Ahad he realized Bdid he realizeChe realized Dhe had realized解析：选B考查倒装和动词的时态。句意：直到他经历了真正的困难他才意识到对家人的爱的重要性。not until位于句首时，后面的句子采用部分倒装结构；同时，realize这一动作发生在“经历”之后，此处不表示“过去的过去”，故用一般过去时。2(2013江苏高考)“Never for a second，” the boy says, “_ that my father would come to my rescue.”AI doubted Bdo I doubtCI have doubted Ddid I doubt解析：选D考查倒装和时态。句意：这个男孩说：“我从来没有怀疑过我爸爸会来救我。”表示否定意义的短语never for a second位于句首，句子需要部分倒装，根据句意可知男孩是在回忆父亲救他时的情景，因此用一般过去时态，答案为D。3(2013辽宁高考)At no time _ the rules of the game.It was unfair to punish them.Athey actually broke Bdo they actually breakBdid they actually break Dthey had actually broken解析：选C考查倒装句。at no time意为“决不，根本不”。当含有否定词的介词短语位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装形式。另外，句子中的was表明空白处说的是过去的情况，所以选C。句型二：A代表as/though，表示“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句时用部分倒装(2009重庆高考)Unsatisfied_with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience.Athough was he Bthough he wasChe was though Dwas he though解析：选B考查倒装句。句意：虽然他对那份工作的报酬不满意，但是他为了得到一些工作经验还是接受了它。在让步状语从句中，可以将从句中的表语提前，构成“表语though/as主语”。句型三：O代表only，“only状语”置于句首时，句子用部分倒装1(2013新课标全国卷)Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent _ properly in this hospital.Acan be the patients treatedBcan the patients be treatedCthe patients can be treatedDtreated can be the patients解析：选B考查倒装。句意：只有增加50%的医生，病人才能在这家医院得到妥善治疗。only位于句首修饰介词短语时，句子要用部分倒装。2(2013江西高考)Only when he apologizes for his rudeness _ to him again.AI will speak Bwill I speakCdo I speak DI speak解析：选B考查倒装和时态。句意：只有当他为他的粗鲁道歉时，我才会再和他说话。“only状语或者状语从句”置于句首时，主句应用部分倒装；根据句意可知，主句应用一般将来时。句型四：S代表so/such，so/such . that .结构中，当so/such位于句首时，其后的句子用部分倒装(2009山东高考)So sudden_that the enemy had no time to escape.Adid the attack Bthe attack didCwas the attack Dthe attack was解析：选C考查倒装结构。在so .that结构中，“so形容词/副词部分”位于句首时，主句的主谓一般采用部分倒装形式，如果谓语动词为be的一般现在时或一般过去时，则使用完全倒装形式。本句的正常语序为“The attack was so sudden that the enemy had no time to escape”，故选C项。句型五：H代表here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, away, on the wall, in the room等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首时，句子用全部倒装1(2010陕西高考)John opened the door. There _ he had never seen before.Aa girl did stand Ba girl stoodCdid a girl stand Dstood a girl解析：选D考查完全倒装。副词there，here等位于句首，应用完全倒装句式。句意：约翰打开门，他从来没见过的一位女孩站在那儿。2(2010重庆高考)At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River _， one of the ten largest cities in China.Alies Chongqing BChongqing liesCdoes lie Chongqing Ddoes Chongqing lie解析：选A考查倒装。表示方位的介词短语At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River位于句首，故此处应该用全部倒装。强调句解题的三大角度角度一：掌握基本句式，以不变应万变1(2013新课标全国卷)It was only after he had read the papers _ Mr.Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.Awhen BthatCwhich Dwhat解析：选B考查强调句型。句意：看到那些文件后，格罗斯先生才意识到他面前的任务完成起来是极其困难的。本题是强调句型，强调时间状语。注意It is/was . that/who .是强调句的标志，去掉后，句子依然完整。2(2010四川高考)If you have a job, _ yourself to it and finally youll succeed.Ado devote Bdont devoteCdevoting Dnot devoting解析：选A考查特殊句型。本句为“祈使句and陈述句”句型；do是对谓语动词devote的强调。强调句型的基本结构：It is/was 被强调部分 that/who 其他部分。点津1强调句的判别方法是：去掉It is/was和that/who后句子仍然完整。否则，不是强调句。It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do that benefits our work most.（2011陕西高考）Not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do that benefits our work most.2被强调的部分是时间或地点状语时，不用when或where而应用that。It was in the park that Tom lost his watch.3强调谓语动词时在其前面加do/does/did。He did write to you last week.角度二：拓宽思维，注意变式与特殊形式1(2013天津高考)It was not until near the end of the letter _ she mentioned her own plan.Athat Bwhere Cwhy Dwhen解析：选A考查强调句型。句意：直到将近信的结尾她才提及了自己的计划。本题的题干为强调句型，被强调部分为not until near the end of the letter，故选A。2(2011四川高考)Was it on a lonely island_he was saved one month after the boat went down? Awhere BthatCwhich Dwhat解析：选B考查强调句型。强调句的结构是：“It is/was被强调的部分that/who句子的其他部分”，表示“正是”或“就是”。强调句型的一般疑问句结构：Is/Was it .that/who .? 1变式是指强调句型的疑问句形式，以及疑问句作宾语。试比较：It was in the park that he met our new teacher.Was it in the park that he met our new teacher?Where was it that he met our new teacher?I want to know where it was that he met our new teacher.2特殊形式是指对not until .的强调。试比较：It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.(2012湖南高考)I didnt realize this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather until I came here.角度三：擦亮“火眼金睛”，识别“变形金刚”变形一：强调句型与状语从句(2011福建高考)It was April 29, 2011 _Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.Athat BwhenCsince Dbefore解析：选B考查状语从句。学生易误认为该句为强调句而选that，但去掉 It was及 that后，April 29,2011 不可以单独作时间状语，所以不是强调句型。此处用 when 引导状语从句。 注意区别强调句型和状语从句。试比较：It was at midnight that I got back home yesterday.昨天午夜我回到了家里。(强调句)It was midnight when/before I got back home yesterday.当我昨天回到家里时，已经是午夜了。/昨天我还没到家就到了午夜了。(状语从句)It was two years ago that I began to learn English.我是在两年前开始学英语的。(强调句)It is two years since I began to learn English.我学英语两年了。(状语从句)变形二：强调句型与定语从句(2011重庆高考)Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree? Of course, I have.It was in our village_it was made.Athat BwhereCwhen Dwhich解析：选A考查强调句型。 问话人询问对方是否看过山楂树之恋这部电影， 答话人回答说当然看过， 这部电影是在自己的村庄拍摄的。 本句是强调句，被强调的部分是地点状语in our village。注意区别强调句型和定语从句。试比较：It was the room where the important meeting was once held.(定语从句)It was in the room that the important meeting was once held.(强调句)省略句的两大命题热点热点一：状语从句的省略1(2013江西高考)If _ to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once.Aasked Bto askCasking Dhaving asked解析：选A考查非谓语动词。句意：如果有人要求为他照看行李，请马上报警。根据inform the police可知，ask和其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，所以用ask的过去分词形式。完整的句子是“If you are asked to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once.”。2(2013浙江高考)There are some health problems that, when _ in time, can become bigger ones later on.Anot treated Bnot being treatedCnot to be treated Dnot having been treated解析：选A考查省略。句意：有一些健康问题，如果不及时处理，过些时候会变成比较严重的问题。when not treated in time是when some health problems are not treated in time的省略。在状语从句中，如果主从句主语一致或从句的主语是it，且从句中含有be动词，可以将从句的主语和be动词一起省略。He never speaks unless (he is) spoken to.除非跟他说话，否则他从不说话。He stood at the gate as if (he was) to say something.他站在门口好像要说什么。All the photographs in this book, unless (they are) stated otherwise, date from the 1950s.(2012陕西高考)这本书里所有的照片，除非有说明的，否则，都要追溯到20世纪50年代。热点二：不定式的省略(2013新课标全国卷)The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police _.Anot to do Bnot toCnot do Ddo not解析：选B考查省略。句意：那名司机想把车停靠在路边，但是警察不允许他这样做。为了避免重复，常常省略与前文相同的部分，只保留不定式符号to。补充完整后应为“was asked by the police not to park his car near the roadside”。在动词不定式结构中，为了避免重复，常常省略不定式结构中的动词，只保留to。I asked him to see the film, but he didnt want to.Will you join the game?Id be glad to.点津如果承前省略的不定式中含有be或have时，be和have不能省略。Are you a doctor?No, but I used to be.He hasnt finished the work.But he ought to have.1(2013保定市高三二模)No way _ to Japanese over the issue of Diaoyu Islands.Awe will give up Bwill we give upCwe will give in Dwill we give in解析：选D句意：对于钓鱼岛的问题我们绝不会向日本让步。否定词位于句首时，其后的句子用部分倒装；give in to“向让步”。2(2013开封市高三二模)Not until I came home last night _ his homework.He was very tired.Afinished my child Bmy child had finishedCmy child finished Ddid my child finish解析：选D句意：昨晚直到我回到家我的孩子才完成了作业，他非常疲惫。not until位于句首时，后面的主句用部分倒装。3(2013重庆一中高三二模)So absorbed _ in the experiment that he didnt even notice it was already over 12 oclock.Adid he Bhe didCwas he Dhe was解析：选C句意：他太专注于这次试验了，甚至没注意到已经12点多了。当so/such位于句首时，其后的句子用部分倒装，be absorbed in“专注于”。4(2013吉林市高三二模)Hearing the bell ringing, out _.Arushing the childrenBwere rushing the childrenCrushed the childrenDthe children rushed解析：选C句意：听到铃响，孩子们冲了出来。表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首时，句子用全部倒装。5(2013北京海淀一模)It is not their interest but the need of the market _ influences students choices of college majors.Athat BwhichCwhat Dwho解析：选A句意：不是兴趣而是市场需求影响着大学生的择业选择。考查强调句型It is/was 被强调部分 that 其他部分。6(2013宁波四中考前模拟)I wonder _ Mr. Black changed his mind to take part in the movement. After he listened to the speech by Mr. King.Awhen was it Bwhen was it thatCwhen it was Dwhen it was that解析：选D句意：“我想知道到底什么时候布莱克先生改变主意参加这项活动的。”“他听了金先生的演讲之后。”此处强调句型的特殊疑问句充当宾语从句，应选D。7(2013成都石室中学考前模拟)Where did you meet your old friend?It was in the supermarket _ I was doing some shopping with my husband. Athat BwhereCwhen Dwhich 解析：选B句意：“你在什么地方遇见老朋友的？”“是在我和丈夫一起买东西的超市。”把两句合起来应是It was in the supermarket _ I was doing some shopping with my husband that I met my old friend.，空格内引导定语从句并在从句中作地点状语，故用where。8(2013长春市高三二模)Jerry has promised to keep the secret, so he wont tell anyone even though _.Aasking to Bto be askedCto ask Dasked to解析：选D句意：Jerry答应保守秘密，因此他不会告诉任何人，即使别人问也不会。考查省略句，补全应为even though (he was) asked to (tell the secret)。主谓一致的两大关注点关注点一：连接词与主谓一致1(2013福建高考)The famous musician, as well as his students, _ to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.Awere invited Bwas invitedChave been invited Dhas been invited解析：选B考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：那位著名的音乐家和他的学生被邀请在2012年台北花博会的开幕式上演出。首先，结合句意可知应用一般过去时描述过去的行为；其次，as well as连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词应和前面的主语保持人称和数的一致，本句谓语应与the famous musician一致，用第三人称单数形式，故选B。2(2013江苏高考)Generally, students inner motivation with high expectations from others _ essential to their development.Ais BareCwas Dwere解析：选A考查主谓一致和时态。从题干可以看出本题的主语是students inner motivation，因此谓语动词用单数形式。根据题中的Generally可知应用一般现在时态。故选A。3(2013湖南高考)The university estimates that living expenses for international students _ around $8,450 a year, which _ a burden for some of them.Aare; is Bare; areCis; are Dis; is解析：选A考查主谓一致。句意：那所大学估计，对国际学生来说，一年的生活开销大约是8 450美元，这对其中一些学生来说是一个负担。第一空的主语是living expenses，故谓语动词用复数形式；第二空的主语是which，指代的是前面整个句子，因此谓语动词用单数。1就近原则：由or, either . or ., neither . nor ., not only . but also .等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，采用就近一致原则，即谓语动词和与它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。Either you or I am going to be in charge of this matter.2就远原则：主语部分包括as well as, rather than, but, except, with, together with, along with等连接其他名词时，谓语动词的形式应与前面的主语保持一致。Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the party.3意义一致原则：“no/each/every/many a单数名词andno/each/every/many a单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.关注点二：分数/不定量词作主语时的两种情况1(2011安徽高考)The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _ saved for other purposes. Ais BareCwas Dwere解析：选D考查主谓一致和时态。句意：这家工厂使用了65%的原材料，其余的节省下来以作他用。后半句中的 the rest of which 中的which 指的是raw materials, 所以谓语动词用复数，再结合前半句中的时态可判断D项正确。2(2011湖南高考)Onethird of the country _ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _black people. Ais; are Bis; is Care; are Dare; is 解析：选A考查主谓一致。 句意：这个国家的三分之一被树覆盖，而且大多数公民是黑人。在第一空中，onethird of the country 指“一个国家的三分之一”， 后面的谓语动词应用单数形式。在第二空中，the majority 后面的citizens 为复数意义，故谓语动词用复数形式。1the rest, all, most, the majority, 百分数、分数等指代名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词与名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。About 60% of the work was done yesterday.About one third of the students in our class are from the countryside.2由a kind of, kinds of, an amount of, amounts of, a quantity of, quantities of跟名词或“名词 of this kind”等作主语时，谓语动词与of之前的名词保持一致。This kind of apples tastes good and sells well.Apples of this kind taste good and sell well.反意疑问句、祈使句和感叹句的三大注意点注意点一：反意疑问句用于主从复合句中，疑问句一般应与主句的主谓语保持一致，但如果主句的主语是第一人称时，疑问句一般应与从句的主谓语保持一致1(2012江苏高考)There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent, _？Ais there Bisnt thereCis he Disnt he解析：选A考查反意疑问句。陈述部分中含有表示否定意义的词little，所以反意疑问句用肯定形式，首先排除B、D两项；陈述部分为there be句型，故反意疑问句应用is there，故选A项。2(2011上海高考)It doesnt matter if they want to come to your party, _？Adoesnt it Bdoes itCdont they Ddo they解析：选B题干中主句为It doesnt matter，反意疑问句应与主句保持一致，故选B项。3(2011重庆高考)I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did, _？ Acould he Bdidnt ICdidnt you Dcould they解析：选B考查反意疑问句。 句意：我告诉他们并非每个人都可以跑得和你一样快，不是吗？在反意疑问句中，若陈述部分是一个主从复合句，附加疑问句一般要与主句一致。本句含有一个宾语从句且主句为“ I told them .”， 故答案选B项。 注意点二：祈使句做题的关键是弄清是祈使句还是非谓语动词作状语，主要句型“祈使句and/or陈述句”1(2012重庆高考)Before you quit your job, _ how your family would feel about your decision.Aconsider BconsideringCto consider Dconsidered解析：选A考查祈使句。前面是Before引导的时间状语从句，故后面是主句。分析题干可知此处是省略了主语you的祈使句。故选A项。2(2012北京高考)_ at the door before you enter my room, please.AKnock BKnockingCKnocked DTo knock解析：选A考查祈使句。句意：在你进入我的房间之前，请先敲门。本句是祈使句，所以用动词原形。3(2011山东高考)Find ways to praise your children often，_youll find they will open their hearts to you.Atill BorCand Dbut解析：选C考查句式结构。这是一个“祈使句and 陈述句”结构。句意：经常找一些方法表扬你的孩子们，你会发现他们将会向你敞开心扉。后面的陈述句表达的是前面祈使句顺承的结果，所以用and。如果陈述句表达的是与前面祈使句相反的结果，则用or。注意点三：感叹句的两种基本模式：What (a/an) (形容词)名词(主语谓语)！与How形容词/副词主语谓语！应注意感叹句作动词宾语时的情况1(2011辽宁高考)_ a strange plant! Ive never seen it before.AWhich BWhatCHow DWhether解析：选B考查感叹句。句意：多么奇怪的植物啊！我以前从没见过。此处为“Whata/an adj. n. it is/was”的省略结构，故B项正确。2(2011北京高考)The shocking news made me realize _ terrible problems we would face.Awhat BhowCthat Dwhy解析：选A考查名词性从句。句意：这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。结合句意可知答案为A，此处what 引导的宾语从句是一个感叹句。形容词和副词比较等级及倍数表达法的两大考点考点一：形容词和副词比较等级(包括比较级和最高级)（一）比较等级的常见句型1(2013新课标全国卷)Tony can hardly boil an egg, still _ cook dinner.Aless BlittleCmuch Dmore解析：选A考查习惯用语。句意：托尼几乎不会煮鸡蛋，更何况做饭呢。still less意为“何况，更不用说”，符合句意。2(2013新课标全国卷)It may not be a great suggestion. But before _ is put forward, well make do with it.Aa good one Ba better oneCthe best one Da best one解析：选B考查形容词比较级。句意：它或许不是一个好建议，但在更好的建议被提出之前，我们先凑合一下。此处暗含比较，表示“一条更好的建议”，是泛指，故选B。3(2013江西高考)There are a small number of people involved, possibly _ twenty.Aas few as Bas little asCas many as Das much as解析：选A考查固定搭配。句意：只有少数人被卷入进来，可能只有20人。as few as“只有(用于强调数量出乎意料得少)”，符合句意。4(2013天津高考)I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time there are _ meaningful things to do.Aless BmoreCthe least Dthe most解析：选B考查形容词的比较级。句意：我认为每天晚上看电视是浪费时间，因为有更有意义的事可以去做。根据句意可知，此处应用meaningful的比较级形式，故选B。比较等级的常见句型有：(1)两者比较，用“比较级than”表示。(2)表示“两者之间较的那个”用“the比较级n. of the two n.”。(3)表示“越，就越”用“the比较级，the比较级”。(4)asadj./adv.原级as .表示“和一样”。(5)not as/soadj./adv.原级as .表示“不如”。In ancient times, people rarely travelled long distances and most farmers only travelled as far as the local market.(2010上海高考)在古代，人们很少进行长距离旅行，大多数农民到的最远的地方就是当地市场。I have seldom seen my mother so pleased with my progress as she is now.(2010全国卷)我很少见到妈妈像现在这样对我的进步感到满意。Im not a little tired today after giving the room a thorough cleaning and I have never had as tiring a day as today.我今天把房间彻底打扫完之后感到非常疲惫，从未像今天这样疲惫过。（二）比较等级前常用的修饰语(2013辽宁高考)This is by far _ movie that I have ever seen.Aan inspiring Ba much inspiringCthe most inspiring Dthe more inspiring解析：选C考查形容词的比较等级。句意：这是我曾看过的最鼓舞人心的电影了。by far可用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级或最高级。根据that从句的描述可知，应该选择C项，即用最高级形式。“the比较级”常常要与由of构成的短语连用。比较等级前常用的修饰语有：a little, a bit, slightly, much, a lot, a great deal, any, far, by far, even, still等。The film is, I have to say, not a bit interesting. Why? Its far