武汉科技大学医学院标本陈列厅解说词.doc

标本陈列厅解说词 欢迎大家来到武汉科技大学医学院标本陈列厅！很高兴为大家这次参观进行解说。Welcome to Wuhan University School of Medicine specimens showroom! I am very pleased to make this visit to explain. 武汉科技大学医学院标本陈列厅创建于1958年。经过医学院老师们50多年辛勤的工作，陈列厅现在拥有了千余件标本，涵盖了人体各个系统以及部分昆虫和病理的标本。下面我会给大家挑选几个标本来重点介绍，剩下的时间可以自由参观，希望大家能配合我的讲解。 我们人体就是一个巨大的知识宝库，现在请大家和我一起来开启这个宝库的大门吧！Wuhan University of Science and Technology of Medical School created the Office of specimens on display in 1958. After 50 years of College teachers hard work, showroom now has more than a thousand pieces of specimens, covering all body systems as well as some insects and pathological specimens. Here I will give you choose to focus on a few samples, free to visit the rest of the time, I hope you can meet me to explain. Our body is a vast archive of knowledge, now you and me together and open the door to treasure it! （一） 运动系统Motion System 运动系统由骨、关节和骨骼肌构成，约占成人体重的60%。全身各骨借关节相连形成骨骼，构成人体的基本支架。骨骼肌附着于骨，在神经系统的调控下进行收缩和舒张，产生运动。Motion system consists of bones, joints and skeletal structure, about 60% of adult body weight. Body linked to the formation of bone by bone joints to form the bodys basic stand. Skeletal muscle attached to bone, the nervous system under the control of the contraction and relaxation, resulting in movement. 1. 颅骨Skull 请看这个颅骨的标本，我们的颅骨由23块形状大小不同的扁骨和不归则骨构成。这个部位被我们称为翼点，中医称之为太阳穴。它是额骨、顶骨和蝶骨大翼4骨交界处所形成的“H”形骨缝。因为翼点内部有大脑中动脉的前支通过，所以此处非常重要，被称为“死穴”之一。如果受到暴力打击，容易折断。轻则形成血肿，重则大脑淤血压力升高而死亡。Look at the skull of specimens, our skull shape and size from the 23 different flat bone and the bone structure not owned. This site is what we call wing point of Chinese medicine called the temple. It is the frontal, parietal bone and greater wing of sphenoid bone at the junction of four premises form the H-shaped suture. Because the internal wing point of the anterior branch of middle cerebral artery through, so here is very important, known as the Achilles heel one. If hit by violence, easily broken. Ranging from the formation of hematoma, while in the brain congestion pressure rise and death 2. 颞下颌关节Temporomandibular joint 刚才我们提到了翼点，而现在大家看到的这个标本同样可在我们体表触及。颞下颌关节是面部唯一的左右双侧联动关节，也就是说两侧的关节可以同动同止。在面部肌肉的驱动下还可以产生咀嚼、吞咽、语言及表情等重要活动。由于嵌在关节窝内的关节结节是个突起，老年人常会因为磨损而变得平滑，容易发生颞下颌关节脱臼，也就是大家所说的下巴脱臼。那么，脱臼了怎么进行紧急处理呢？首先一定不要使劲儿的往后推，那样会更糟。正确的方法是，现将下巴往下拉，然后再往后推。那么，为了避免我们的关节结节过度磨损，我们在吞咽时就不能太用力，也尽量少吃太过生硬的食物。总之，细嚼慢咽最好。We have just mentioned the wing point, and now we see the same specimen surface can be in our reach. Temporomandibular joint is the only face left and right sides linkage joints, that is the same on both sides of the joints can move with only. Driven by the facial muscles can also produce chewing, swallowing, language and facial expressions and other important events. Because embedded within the glenoid fossa of the articular tubercle is protruding, the elderly often become smooth because of wear and tear, prone to temporomandibular joint dislocation, that is, we say jaw dislocated. So, how dislocated the emergency handle it? First, you must not make the effort to push back, that would be worse. The correct way is to pull down the chin now and then go down to push. So, in order to avoid excessive wear and tear of our joint nodules, we can not be too hard when swallowing, but also try to eat the food too blunt. In short, slowly is best 3.颅囟Skull top of head 刚才介绍了一下颅骨，现在大家看到的是新生儿的颅囟。从这个角度可以看到的是新生儿的颅顶的几个明显的裂缝。医学上分别称为前囟、后囟、乳突囟和蝶囟。颅囟的发育与新生儿大脑发育有很大的联系。如果发育得太快，闭合过早，常会因脑容量过小而导致大脑发育不良。同时也可以从囟门的状况来了解新生儿的生理状况。如果突起，则有可能是脑积水或肿瘤。如果凹下，则有可能是腹泻或者是营养不良。从出生到7岁是颅的生长期，此时颅生长最快，使面颅迅速扩大。从7岁到青春期是相对静止期，但逐渐出现性别差异。青春期到25岁位成长期，性别差异更加明显。老年随着牙的脱落。牙槽被吸收变平，面部又显得短小。Just introduced a little skull, and now we see the skull of a newborn skull. From this perspective we can see that several of neonatal parietal obvious cracks. Medicine are called before the skull after skull, mastoid skull and butterfly skull. Cranial skull development and neonatal brain development has great links. If you grow up too fast, closed prematurely, often because of brain size is too small to result in poor brain development. Also available from the fontanelle to understand the situation of neonatal physiological status. If the processes, there may be hydrocephalus or tumor. If the dent, there may be diarrhea or malnutrition. From birth to age 7 is the skull of the growing season, this time the fastest growing skull, so that facial rapidly. From 7 years to adolescence is relative