地球物质及其作用.docx

地球物质及其作用1.Which layer of Earths interior is nearly 3000 km thick and comprises part of the lithosphere and the asthenosphere?a) Lithosphereb) outer corec) inner cored) asthenospheree) mantle哪一层的地球内部近3000公里厚,包括岩石圈和软流层的一部分?岩石圈外核核心软流层地幔2.Which of the following is true about extrusive igneous rocks?a) They have cooled and crystallized rapidly on or near the earths surface.b) They are usually coarse-grained.c) They have cooled and crystallized slowly, at depth.d) They are usually fine-grained.e) a and d下面哪个是正确的喷出火成岩呢?他们迅速冷却,结晶或接近地球表面的他们通常是粗粒度的他们慢慢地冷却和结晶,在深度他们通常是细粒度的a和d3.If two plates collide, and they are both composed of continental rocks, what may happen?a) Volcanoes will form.b) One will subduct beneath the other.c) Mountains may form.d) A continental collision boundary may form.e) a and d如果两个板块相互碰撞,它们都是由大陆的岩石,会发生什么事?火山将形成人会下拉下可能形成山大陆碰撞边界可能形式a和d4.Which of the following processes is not part of the rock cycle?a) Depositionb) Metamorphismc) Evaporationd) Weatheringe) Lithification下列那个过程不是岩石循环的一部分？沉积变质作用蒸发风化岩化5.Which of the following terms refers to the large-scale geologic processes that deform Earths crust?a) magnetic reversalb) tectonicsc) sea-floor spreadingd) paleomagnetisme) spreading center下列哪项是指大规模的地质过程,地壳变形?磁场倒转构造海底扩张古地磁学传播中心6.In elastic deformation, the materiala) never changes its shape at allb) returns to its original shape after the stress is removedc) remains permanently deformedd) ruptures under stresse) is brittle在弹性变形中,材料永远不会改变它的形状压力移除后,回到原来的形状后,仍然是永久变形破裂压力下是脆弱的7.Which of the following is the strong, outermost layer of Earth, including the crust?a) Asthenosphereb) Mohoc) Mantled) Lithospheree) outer core下面哪个是强劲的,地球的最外层,包括地壳?软流层莫霍面地幔岩石圈外核8.Windblown silt is referred to as what?a) Outwashb) Tillc) Loessd) Dunese) dust风吹起的泥沙被称为什么?冰水沉积冰碛物黄土沙丘灰尘9.What type of mineral is pyrite, also known as “fools gold?a) Carbonateb) Oxidec) Metamorphicd) Sulfidee) silicate什么类型的矿物叫黄铁矿,也被称为“傻瓜的金子?碳酸盐氧化变质硫化硅酸盐10.New crustal material is formed at which of the following locations?a) transform boundariesb) submarine trenchesc) subduction zonesd) spreading centers在下面哪个位置形成新的地壳物质?转换边界水下地沟俯冲带传播中心11.Today glacial ice covers about how much of the earths surface?a) 0.1b) 0.2c) 0.15d) 0.05e) 0今天冰川覆盖了地球表面的多少?12.Silicate minerals are the most abundant of the rock-forming minerals. What two elements must be present to call a mineral a silicate mineral?a) iron and oxygenb) silicon and ironc) silicon and aluminumd) silicon and potassiume) silicon and oxygen硅酸盐矿物是最丰富的矿物。哪两个元素必须出现才能称之为硅酸盐矿物?铁和氧气硅和铁硅和铝硅、钾硅和氧13.Which of the following is a true statement?a) Limestone is an intrusive igneous rock.b) Limestone is a silicate mineral.c) Limestone is an extrusive igneous rock.d) Limestone is a poor choice for building because it weathers easily.e) Limestone is a strong rock and a great place to build a house.下列哪个陈述是正确的？石灰岩是一种侵入性的火成岩。石灰岩是一种硅酸盐矿物。石灰岩是一种喷出的火成岩。石灰岩是一种不好的建筑选择,因为它很容易被侵蚀。石灰岩是一种强劲的岩石和盖房子的好地方。14.What type of rock crystallizes from magma?a) metamorphic rockb) silicatesc) feldsparsd) sedimentary rocke) igneous rock什么类型的岩石在岩浆结晶?变质岩硅酸盐长石沉积岩火成岩15.Which of the following is one of the largest lithospheric plates?a) the Eurasian plateb) the Fiji platec) the Juan de Fuca plated) the Philippine platee) the Cocos plate下面哪个是最大的岩石圈板块之一?欧亚板块斐济板胡安德富卡板块正朝着菲律宾板块科科斯板块16.Which of the following is not a silicate mineral?a) Quartzb) Feldsparc) Calcited) biotite下面哪个不是硅酸盐矿物?石英长石方解石黑云母17.True or false? The lithosphere contains both the crust and t