2013年职称英语综合类考试模拟题及答案.doc

2013年职称英语综合类考试模拟题及答案第一部分 词汇选项(第115题，每题1分，共15分) 下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 1She was close to success. Afast B quick Cnear D tight 2The two girls look alike. Abeautiful B similar Cpretty D attractive 3The boy is intelligent. A cleverB naughty C difficult D active 4Everybody was glad to see Mary back. Asorry B sad Cangry D happy 5What is your goal in life? Aplan B aim Carrangement D idea 6Jack is a diligent student. Ahardworking B ambitious Clazy D slow 7Mary said mildly that she was just curious. A gentlyB shyly C weaklyD wildly 8Practically all animals communicate through sounds AClearly B Almost CAbsolutely D Basically 9The story was very touching A inspiringB boring C moving D absorbing 10 I wasnt qualified for the job really, but I got it anyhow. Asomehow B anyway Canywhere D somewhere 11 She was a puzzle. Agirl B woman CproblemD mystery 12 Her speciality is heart surgery. Aregion B site CfieldD platform 13 France has kept intimate links with its former African territories AfriendlyB private CstrongD secret 14 You should have blended the butter with the sugar thoroughly. AspreadB mixed CbeatenD covered 15 The industrial revolution modified the whole structure of English society. Adestroyed B broke C smashed D changed 参考答案： 01. C02. B03. A04. D05. B 06. A07. A08. B09. C10. B 11. D12. C13. A14. B15. D第二部分：阅读判断（每题1分，共七分） 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了七个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。 Spare a Kidney? It is no longer unusual for a spouse or relative to donate a kidney to a loved one, but the number of Americans who have given a kidney to a friend, a co-worker or even a complete stranger has risen sharply from 68 in 1994 to 176 in 1998. There are many reasons. First, its possible to live a normal life with only one kidney. (The remaining kidney enlarges to make up most of the difference.) In addition a kidney from a live donor lasts longer than a kidney taken from someone who has died suddenly. But the biggest change in the past few years is that transplant surgeons have started using laparoscopic techniques to remove the donor kidney through a much smaller incision, and this can cut recovery time for the donor from six weeks to four weeks. Just because you do something, however, it doesnt mean you should. Donating a kidney means undergoing an operation that carries some risk. You could argue that you may be helping to save a life, but you certainly cant pretend that youre better off with one kidney instead of two. So, what are the risks? As with any major operation, there is a chance of dying, of reoperation due to bleeding, of infection, of vein clots in the legs or a hernia at the incision, says Dr. Arthur Matas, director of the renal-transplant program at the university of Minnesota Medical Center in Minneapolis. Even laparoscopy, a relatively new technique for kidney donation, is not risk-free. Doctors estimate that chances of dying from the procedure are about 3 in 10,000. Theres no money to be made; selling an organ is illegal. But the recipients insurance normally covers your operation and immediate aftercare. Your costs can include hotel bills, lost pay during recovery or possible future disability. Although transplant centers must evaluate any potential donors suitability, it never hurts to have an independent opinion. The most common contraindications are heart disease, diabetes and high blood pressure. Never let anyone, not even a close relative, pressure you into giving up an organ - no matter if youre healthy. Theres often the feeling that youre not a good friend, father, mother if you dont do this, says Arthus Caplan, director of the University of Pennsylvanias center for Bioethics. Some transplant centers will invent a medical problem on behalf of those who are reluctant to donate but feel they cant say no. 1. From 1994 to 1998 the number of Americans who had donated a kidney reached 244. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 2. One of the reasons why the number of kidney donors has risen is that one is better off with one kidney instead of two. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 3.Yo dont have to be dead to donate a kidney, but you had better know the risks before you give it up. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 4. None of the Americans who donates a kidney during the period lasting from 1994 to 1998 died from the procedure. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 5. No one sells organs in the U.S. since it is illegal. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 6. People with heart disease, diabetes and high pressure are not suitable for kidney donation. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 7. Some transplant centers invent medical problems to cheat potential kidney donors. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned第三部分：概括大意与完成句子 （每题1分，共8分） 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）1-4 题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5 段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第5-8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确的选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 Face masks may not protect from super-flu If a super-flu strikes, face masks may not protect you. Whether widespread use of masks will help, or harm, during the next worldwide flu outbreak is a question that researchers are studying furiously. No results have come from their mask research yet. However, the government says people should consider wearing them in certain situations anyway, just in case. But its a question the public keeps asking while the government are making preparations for the next flu pandemic. So the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) came up with preliminary guidelines. “We dont want people wearing them everywhere, ”said the CDC. “The overall recommendation really is to avoid exposure.” When thats not possible, the guidelines say to consider wearing a simple surgical mask if you are in one of the three following situations. First, youre healthy and cant avoid going to a crowded place. Second, youre sick and think you may have close contract with the healthy, such as a family member checking on you. Third, you live with someone whos sick and thus might be in the early stages of infection, but still need to go out. Influenza pandemics can strike when the easy-to-mutate flu virus shifts to a strain that people never have experienced. Scientists cannot predict when the next pandemic will arrive, although concern is rising that the Asian bird flu might trigger one if it starts spreading easily from person to person. During the flu pandemic, you should protect yourself. Avoid crowds, and avoid close contract with the sick unless you must care for someone. Why cant mask added to this self-protection list? Because they help trap virus-laden droplets flying through the air with a cough or sneeze. Simple surgical masks only filter the larger droplets. Besides, the CDC is afraid masks may create a false sense of security. Perhaps someone who should have stayed home would don an ill-fitting mask and hop on the subway instead. Nor does flu only spread through the air. Say someone covers a sneeze with his or her hand, then touches a doorknob or subway pole. If you touch that spot next and then put germy hands on your nose or mouth, youve been exposed. Its harder to rub your nose while wearing a mask and so your face may get pretty sweaty under masks. You reach under to wipe that sweat, and may transfer germs caught on the outside of the mask straight to the nose. These are the problems face masks may create for their users. Whether people should or should not use face masks still remains a question. The general public has to wait patiently for the results of the mask research scientists are still doing. 1.Paragraph 2 _. 2.Paragraph 3 _. 3.Paragraph 5 _. 4.Paragraph 6 _. A.reasons for excluding masks from the self-protection list B.effort to stop flu spreading C.when to use face masks D.guidelines on mask use E.warnings from the CDC F.danger of infection through germy hands and masks 5.The scientists are trying to find out if masks may or may not _. 6.The CDC is afraid that the public may _. 7.The public will not know the answer about masks until scientists _. 8.We can infer from the passage that the US authorities _. A.overuse face masks B.deal with the mask problem seriously C.rub their faces and noses in the subway D.protest against the mask guidelines E.help protect people from being attacked by a flu F.announce the results of their mask research第四部分：阅读理解（每题3分，共45分） 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 第1篇The best way to reduce your weight You hear this：“No Wonder you are fatAn you ever do is eat”You feel sad：“I skip my breakfast and supperI run every morning and eveningWhat else can I do?”Basically you can do nothingYour genes，not your life habits，determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it Albert Stunkard of the University of Pennsylvania found from experiments that，“80 percent of the Children of two obese parents become obese，as compared with no more than 14 percent of the offspring of two parents of normal weight” How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting? Well，dieting can be effectivebut the health costs are tremendousJules Hirsch，a research physician at Rockefeller University, did a study of eight fat peopleThey were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day1.After more than 10 weeks，the subjects lost 45kg on averageBut after leaving the hospital，they all regainedThe results were surprising：by metabolic measurement，fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starvingThey had psychiatric problems. They dreamed of food or breaking their diet2.They were anxious and depressed；some were suicidalThey hid food in their roomsResearchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesnt result in normal weight，but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non-obese people Thin people，however, suffer from the opposite：They have to make a great effort to gain weightEthan Sims，of the University of Vermont，got prisoners to volunteer to gain weightIn four to six months，they ate as much as they couldThey succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent. But months after the study ended，they were back to normal weight and stayed there. This did not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weightIt means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight The findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true-each person has a comfortable weight range3.The range might be as much as 9kgSomeone might weigh 60-69 kg without too much effort But going above of below the natural weight range is difficult The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks 词汇： obese adj.肥胖的 metabolic adj.新陈代谢的 psychiatric adj.精神病的 练习： 1. What determines your weight? A)Your working manner B)Your eating habit C)Your life style D)Your genes 2.What did Jules Hirsch do in his study? A)He let the eight fat people skip supper B)He let the eight fat people skip breakfast C)He let the eight fat people run every mornin8 and evening D)He gave the eight fat people a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day 3.What happened to the eight fat people after they left the hospital? A)They went mad B)They killed themselves C)They were back to normal weight D)They attempted suicide 4.What did Ethan Sims make his subjects do? A)Battle their genetic inheritance B)Increase their weight C)Stay at home D)Lower their weight 5. What did scientists think was true? A)Each person has a fixed weight range B)Each person has a weight range of 9 kg C)Each person wants to control his weight D)Each person wants to eat to his hearts content第2篇 Fruit and vegetables juices as beneficial to health as fruits and veggies1 A European study has revealed that 100 percent fruit and vegetable juices are as effective as their whole fruit/vegetable counterparts in reducing risk factors related to certain diseases. The conclusion is the result of the study designed to question traditional thinking that 100 percent juices play a less significant role in reducing risk for both cancer and cardiovascular disease than whole fruits and vegetables. Juices are comparable in their ability to reduce risk compared to2 their whole fruit/vegetable counterparts, according to several researchers in the United Kingdom who conducted the literature review. The researchers analyzed a variety of studies that looked at risk reduction attributed to3 the effects of both fiber and antioxidants. As a result, they determined that the positive impact fruits and vegetables offer come not from just the fiber but also from antioxidants which are present in both juice and the whole fruits and vegetables.4 “When considering cancer and coronary heart disease5 prevention, there is no evidence that pure fruit and vegetable juices are less beneficial than whole fruit and vegetables,” the researchers said. The researchers added that the positioning of juices as being nutritionally inferior to6 whole fruits and vegetables in relationship to chronic disease development is “unjustified” and that policies, which suggest otherwise about fruit and vegetable juices, should be re-examined. The researchers who authored the paper suggest that more studies in certain area are needed to bolster their findings. “Although this independent review of the literature is not designed to focus on any particular 100 percent juice, it does go a long way7 in demonstrating that fruit and vegetable juices do play an important role in reducing the risk of various diseases, especially cancer and cardiovascular disease,” said Sue Taylor. Her opinion is in agreement with8 the Juice Products Association,9 a non-profit organization not associated with this research. She added that appropriate amounts of juices should be included in the diet of both children and adults, following guidelines established by leading health authorities. Taylor also points to a large epidemiological study, published in the September 2006 issue of the Journal of Medicine, which found that consumption of a variety of 100 percent fruit and vegetable juices was associated with a reduced risk for Alzheimers disease.10 In fact, that study found that individuals who drank three or more servings of fruit and vegetable juices per week had a 76 percent lower risk of developing Alzheimers disease than those who drank juice less than once per week. The study was published in the International Journal of Food Science and Nutrition11 (2006). 词汇： counterpart n. 对应的人或物 cardiovascular adj. 心血管的 comparable adj. ( to/with ) 可与相比的，比得上的 fiber ( = fibre ) n. 纤维 antioxidant ( = antioxygen ) n. 抗氧化剂 coronary adj. 冠状的 position n.位置 vt. 安排，安置；定位 nutritionally adv. 营养上 inferior adj. 低等的，劣等的。次的 bolster vt. 支持，支撑 non-profit adj. 不营利的，非营利性的 epidemiologic(al) adj. 流行病学的 serving n. 一份饭菜 注释： 1. veggie ( = veggy ) ：蔬菜( = vegetable )。也可指“素食者”( = vegetarian )。 2. compared to：如果与比较起来的话。这是一个过去分词短语，作条件状语。另外，美国英语中compare to也有compare with的意思。 3. attributed to：被认为是的结果。此过去分词短语是risk reduction的定语。attribute sth. to：把归因于，认为是的结果。 4. As a result, they determined that the positive impact fruits and vegetables offer come not from just the fiber but also from antioxidants which are present in both juice and the whole fruits and vegetables. 由此他们断定，水果和蔬菜所起的积极作用不仅来自纤维，而且也来自抗氧化剂，因为无论水果还是蔬菜，其全果或汁液都含有这两种物质。这里要注意的是在语法结构上，fruits and vegetables offer是positive impact的定语从句，省略了关系代词that。 5. coronary heart disease (CHD)：冠状动脉性心脏病（冠心病)。但要注意，CHD 也可指先天性心脏病( congenital heart disease )。 6. inferior to：低于的，次于的，不如的 7. it does go a long way：它的确对有很大帮助。go a long/good way：大有帮助，很有效。此处does是起强调作用的助动词，接下来的 do play an important role中的 do也是这样。 8. in agreement with：与一致 9. Juice Products Association：果汁产品协会 10. Alzheimers disease ( Alois Alzheimer )：阿尔茨海默病，早老性痴呆 11. International Journal of Food Science and Nutrition：国际食品科学与营养杂志 练习： 1. What on earth in both fruits and vegetables and their juices plays the most important role in reducing risk for diseases? A) Proteins. B) Vitamins. C) Carbohydrates. D) Fiber and antioxidant. 2. The judgment that fruit and vegetable juices are less beneficial to reducing chronic disease development is _. A) evident B) obvious C) incorrect D) conclusive 3. The review of the literature has documented the important role of fruit and vegetable juices in reducing the risk of various disease, _ in particular. A) lung problems B) cancer and cardiovascular disease C) stomach and intestine disorders D) ear, nose and throat troubles 4. A large epidemiological study also found that using various 100% fruit and vegetable juices contributed to a reduced risk for _. A) Alzheimers disease B) inherited disease C) infectious disease D) blood-transmitted disease 5. People who drink 3-4 servings of fruit and vegetable juices weekly may _ risk of developing Alzheimers disease _ those who drink only once a week. A) have twenty-three perce