北师大版高中英语必修5 Unit14学案Grammar.doc

祈使句的直接引语变间接引语引述某人的话一般采用两种形式：一种是直接引语，即原封不动地引用原话，把它放在引号内；一种是间接引语，即用自己的话加以转述，被转述的话不放在引号内。【语境展示】观察下面句子，并试着归纳转述祈使句的变化规律。1. my mother said to me, “please pass me the salt.”my mother asked me to pass her the salt.2. the teacher said to the students, “hand in your homework tomorrow.”the teacher told the students to hand in their homework the next day.3. the scientist said to kate, “dont touch anything in the lab.”the scientist told kate not to touch anything in the lab.4. “stay in bed!” said the nurse taking care of him.the nurse taking care of him ordered him to stay in bed.【自我归纳】祈使句的直接引语变为间接引语时，一般采用“主语+谓语+宾语+不定式”结构。谓语动词的选用应根据说话人的语气来决定，即：表示比较客气的请求时（注：句中如有please一词，变为间接引语后应去掉），用ask（第1组例句）；表示要求、吩咐时，用tell（第2、3组例句）；表示强烈的命令时，用order（第4组例句）。如果直接引语是否定句，变为间接引语时，则要在不定式的_加上not（第3组例句）。直接引语变为间接引语时，人称、动词、时态等需适当变化。【拓展】祈使句的直接引语变为间接引语时，还经常用到command (命令，吩咐), warn, advise等动词。如：“start to do your work at once,” the boss said to us.the boss commanded us to start our work at once.“start to do the work early,” my friend said to me.my friend advised me to start to do the work early.有些表示建议、劝告的祈使句，变为间接引语时可以用“主语+ suggest +动词-ing形式”或“主语+ suggest + that从句”结构（从句谓语用“should +动词原形”结构，should可以省略）。如：jerry said, “lets do it a different way.”jerry suggested doing it a different way. / jerry suggested that we (should) do it a different way.【即学即练】选用方框内合适的句子并用其转述形式填空（每个句子限用一次）。use your head to find a good way.dont speak to your father like that again. take some medicine.hurry up.put those toys back where they belong.1. the boys toys were everywhere, so the mother asked _. 2. little george shouted at his father, so i warned _. 3. i had difficulty solving the problem, so my father told _. 4. sarah was taking a long time to get ready, so i ordered _. 5. i had a headache, so my mother advised _.答案【自我归纳】前面【即学即练】1. him to put them back where they belong2. him not to speak to his father like that again3. me to use my head to find a good way4. her to hurry up5. me to take some medicinei. 用适当的单词完成下面直接引语与间接引语的相互转换（每空一词）。1. the manager said to his secretary, “im leaving for london tonight.”the manager told his secretary he _ _ for london _ _. 2. “are you watching tv?” asked lucys father.lucys father asked her _ _ _ _ tv. 3. mother said to me, “a friend in need is a friend indeed.”mother told me that a friend in need _ a friend indeed. 4. lily asked ann if she wanted to go to the supermarket with her the next day.“_ _ _ to go to the supermarket with _ _, ann?” asked lily. 5. mother asked tom why he was sleeping on the sofa.mother asked tom, “ _ _ _ _ on the sofa?” ii. 根据汉语意思补全下面句子。1. 他问我是骑车还是坐公交去学校。he asked me _.2. 她说她的弟弟想跟她一起去公园。she said _.3. 老师告诉我们地球比月球大49倍。the teacher told us _.4. 杰克问凯特他在街上遇到她时，她正要去哪里。jack asked kate _.5. 艾丽斯说她生于1999年4月20日。alice said _.6. 他问我假期要干什么。he asked me _.答案i. 1. was leaving; that evening / night 2. if / whether she was watching 3. is 4. do you want; me tomorrow5. why are you sleepingii. 1. if / whether i went to school by bus or by bike2. (that) her little brother wanted to go to the park with her3. (that) the earth is 49 ti