专业英语三套考试题目答案.doc

第一套考试题(8 points *5 + 12 points *5 )Part One (Translate the following sentences into Chinese )1. The countries involved often have different legal systems, and one or more parties will have to adjust themselves to operate in compliance with the foreign law.不同的国家通常拥有不同的法律体系，参与商务活动的一方或几方不得不根据外国的法律来调整自己的经营活动。2. Countries of the world are divided by the World Bank into three categories of high-income, middle-income and low-income economies.世界各国被世界银行分为三大类：高收入国家、中等收入国家和低收入国家。3. Regional economic integration falls under four types given below in the order from least to most integrative按照一体化程度的高低，地区经济一体化有以下四种方式。4. Multinational Corporations can be classified into four different types according to their organization and way of operation.按照组织结构和经营方式，跨国公司可分为四类。5. In addition to visible trade, which involves the import and export of goods, there is also invisible trade, which involves the exchange of services between countries.有形贸易指的是货物的进出口。除此之外，还有无形贸易。它指的是各国之间服务的交换。Part Two (Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese)1. However, counter trade can be very risky business. By concealing the real prices and costs of transactions it may conceal and help perpetuate economic inefficiencies in the market place. Companies may suffer losses because they could not get rid of products of poor quality. Finally, counter trade may be considered as a form of protectionism.然而，对销贸易可能是非常危险的业务。由于掩盖交易的真正价格和成本，对销贸易可以掩盖并促使一国长期在市场上保持较低的收益。公司因不能摆脱劣质品而可能遭受损失。最后，对销贸易可能被认为是贸易保护主义的一种表现形式。2. On the part of the importer, there is the risk that the shipment will be delayed, and he might only receive them long after payment. The delay may be caused by problems in production or transportation, and such delays may lead to loss of business. There is also a risk that wrong goods might be sent as a result of negligence of the exporter or simply because of his lack of integrity.3. With the development of manufacturing and technology, there arose another incentive for trade, i.e. international specialization-one country producing more of a commodity than it uses itself and selling the remainder to other countries. Such specialization constitutes an important basis for international trade.随着生产和技术的发展，产生了另一个刺激国际贸易的因素，即国际生产专门化一个国家所生产的某种商品数量超出它的消费，并将所剩商品卖给其他国家。这种专门化构成了国际贸易的一个重要基础。4. Transportation is fundamental to the development and operation of an industrial society. It permits the specialization of work effort necessary to achieve efficiency and productivity. Geographically distant resources become accessible with transportation. The economic growth of any society in any part of the world is directly related to the availability of transportation. A society without an advanced transportation system remains primitive.运输对工业社会的发展和运行起着至关重要的作用，而专门化是提高效率和生产力所必需的。运输使我们获得地域上相隔甚远的资源。世界任何地方、任何一种社会的经济增长都与利用运输有直接的关系。一个没有先进运输系统的社会只能处在原始的落后状态。5. In the case of business enterprises, the values exposed to loss are usually much higher, and the premium charged is likely to be substantially higher than that for a house. Even in these circumstances the majority of firms prefer to pay a known cost or premium for the transfer of risk, rather than face the uncertainty of carrying the risk of loss.对企业主来说，可能遭受的损失通常要大得多。保险费也比一栋房子高出许多。即便是在这种情况下，大多数公司宁可付数量明确的费用即保险费来转移风险，也不愿承担不确定的风险损失。第二套试题(8 points *5 + 12 points *5 ) Part One (Translate the following sentences into Chinese ). Under specific conditions, high interest rate will attract short term international fund, increasing the exchange rate of ones own currency and vice versa. FDI is mainly practiced in three forms: Building new enterprises purchasing existing facilities and forming joint ventures.外国直接投资主要有三种形式：建立新企业、购买现成设备、建立合资公司. The common objective of these institutions is to help raise standards of living in developing countries by channeling financial resources to them from developed countries.这些机构的共同目标是通过把发达国家的资金输送到发展中国家以有助这些国家提高生活水平。. Conference decisions require a two-thirds majority but procedural matters a simple majority. Board decisions are taken on a simple majority.贸发会议的决议需要经2/3的多数通过，但议程性问题只要简单的多数通过。理事会的决议也只需简单的多数通过。. All member states of the United Nations and of its specialized agencies are members of the Conference. China became a member of the Conference in 1972.联合国的所有成员国及联合国的所有专门机构的成员都是贸发会议的成员。中国于1972年成为贸发会议成员。Part Two (Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese). A brief survey of insurance literature reveals differences of opinion concerning how the term should be defined. In what ever way the term is defined, insurance is a social device in which a group of individuals transfer risk and provides for payment of losses from funds contributed by all members who transferred risk. Those who transfer risk are called the insured. Those who assume risk are called insurers.概观讲述保险的文献，就会发现如何给保险下定义有不同的看法。不论如何下定义，保险都是一种社会机制，人们在此机制下转移风险，并从所有转移风险的成员缴纳的基金中提供损失赔偿金。转移风险的人称为投保人，承担风险的人称为承保人。. The bulk of international trade is done in the general mode of buying and selling of goods and services by means of money and the market. Under specific conditions, however, special modes of transactions may be adopted to better realize ones business purposes. Among them, counter trade and its variants are perhaps the most popular modes of trade.大部分国家贸易都是通过货币与市场以买卖商品和劳务的形式进行的。然而在某些特定情况下，也采取一些特殊贸易方式以更好地实现自己的商务目标。其中对销贸易及其各种不同形式也许是最常见的贸易方式。. Tourism if yet another important form of invisible trade. Many countries may have beautiful scenery, wonderful attractions, places of historical interest, or merely a mild and sunny climate, these countries attract large numbers of tourists, who spend money for traveling, hotel accommodations, meals, taxis, and so on. Some countries depend heavily on tourism for their foreign exchange earnings, and many countries are making great efforts to develop their tourism.旅游是无形贸易的另一个重要形式。许多国家可能有美丽的风景、名胜古迹或只是温和的、充满阳光的气候，这些国家上大批旅游者，旅游者们花钱旅行、食宿、乘出租车等。有些国家在很大程度上依赖旅游业赚取外汇收入，而且许多国家正在积极努力发展他们的旅游业。. Business people are also concerned about the income distribution of a market, i.e. the proportions of its rich, middle income and poor people. Producers of quality electrical appliances such as color TVs are interested in the size of a countrys middle class, while manufacturers of expensive cars such as Rolls-Royces may want to know the number of its millionaires.商界人士也关注一个市场的收入分布状况，即富人、中等收入者和穷人的比例。像彩电这种家用电器的制造商，会关注一个国家中产阶级的人数；像劳斯莱斯这样的豪华轿车生产商则想知道一国百万富翁的人数。. International business refers to transactions between parties form different countries. Sometimes business across the borders of different customs areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export, such as business between Hong Kong and Taiwan.国际商务活动是指不同国家间进行的交易活动，有时同一国家内不同关税区之间进行的商务活动也称为国际商务，例如，香港和台湾之间的商务活动。第三套试题(8 points *5 + 12 points *5 )Part One (Translate the following sentences into Chinese ). Regional economic integration falls under four types given below in the order from least to most integrative按照一体化程度的高低，地区经济一体化有以下四种形式。. Multinational Corporations can be classified into four different types according to their organization and way of operation.按照组织结构和经营方式，跨国公司可分为四类。3. The document similar to the ocean bill of lading is called airway bill for air transportation and railway bill, cargo receipt etc. for railway transportaion.同海运提单相类似的有用于航空运输中的空运提单和用于铁路运输中的铁路提单、承运货物收据等。4. In addition the above supply factors, there are also some factors on the demand side encouraging enterprises to make investment abroad.除了以上这些供给方面的因素，还有一些需求方面的因素也促使企业投资国外。5. Counter trade is implemented because it helps a country to deal with foreign exchange shortages.进行对销贸易有助于应对一个国家的外汇短缺。Part Two (Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese). In the case of business enterprises, the values exposed to loss are usually much higher, and the premium charged is likely to be substantially higher than that for a house. Even in these circumstances the majority of firms prefer to pay a known cost or premium for the transfer of risk, rather than face the uncertainty of carrying the risk of loss.对企业主来说，可能遭受的损失通常要大得多。保险费也比一栋房子高出许多。即便是在这种情况下，大多数公司宁可付数量明确的费用即保险费来转移风险，也不愿承担不确定的风险损失。. International business refers to transactions between parties form different countries. Sometimes business across the borders of different customs areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export, such as business between Hong Kong and Taiwan.国际商务活动是指不同国家间进行的交易活动，有时同一国家内不同关税区之间进行的商务活动也称为国际商务，例如，香港和台湾之间的商务活动。3. The second type is the global corporation which operates under an opposite principle from the first type and views the world market as an integrated whole. Power and responsibility are concentrated at the headquarters that manages production and marketing to achieve the economies of scale as mu