七年级上复习讲义 (1).docx

七上第一模块 Unit14 一、词语辨析七上第二模块 Unit58 一、词语辨析1. because 引导原因状语从句，与so 不能在同一句中出现；because of 引导原因状语，如：Many people got ill because the weather was very cold .Many people got ill because of the cold weather .2. other 形容词，“别的，其他的”，其后须接名词，泛指；the other 特指“别的，其他的”，后接名词，也可与one 连用，表示（两者之中）“一个，另一个”；others ,代词，“别的，其他的（人/ 事物）”，其后不能接名词；the others特指“别的，其他的(人/ 事物)”，其后不能接名词；another “又一，另一”，泛指，指三者或者三者以上，后接名词，其后也可接数词“another + 数词+ 名词”，表示“又，再-”=“数词+ more +名词”，但是more 前还可以加some/ many/ much/ a few/ a little 等不定代词。else“别的，其他的”只能修饰不定代词和疑问词，且置于被修饰词的后面。如：Other people will not be pleased if you jump the queue .There is a large shopping mall on the other side of the road .I have two tickets .One is for you and the other is for Lily .Would you like another cake ?Please show me another two pens (= two more pens ).3.all意为“所有的，全部的”，可以修饰可数或者不可数名词，冠词the常置于其后，如：all the afternoon ,all my friends ,all the work , whole意为“全部的，整个的”，一般只能修饰可数名词，指时间时是连续的、不可分割的整体，冠词the常置于其前，如：the whole afternoon , three whole days ,4. maybe 副词“可能，也许”，与perhaps, probably 词义相近，句中谓语动词的形式与其无关，may 情态动词“可能，也许”，后接代词原形。5. spend 意为“花费”“度过”，可以指花钱，也可以指花时间，其用法为：spend on sth / spend （in）doing ,主语为人，如：He spends a lot of time on his hobbies every day .I spent ten yuan( in )buying a dictionary .pay 意为“付款”，其用法为：pay for sth / pay for sth with ，主语为人，如：I paid ten yuan for the dictionary .cost意为“值”“花费”，一般指花钱，主语一般为事物，如：The dictionary cost me ten yuan .take意为“花费”，一般指花时间，主语为事情，如：It takes ( sb ) some time to do sth .It takes me forty minutes to read English every morning .6. fit 意为“适合”，一般指物体的大小、形状、长短等合适人，如：The new coat fits me very well .be fit for -适合于match 意为“适合”，一般指事物的大小、色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配协调一致，=go well with-如：This T-shirt matches well with your jeans .suitable 意为“适合的”，一般指合乎需要、口味、条件、地位等与环境的协调，如：The suit is very suitable for the party .be suitable for -适合7. bring 意为“拿来”“带来”，指从别的地方拿到说话的地方，如：Please remember to bring your homework to schooltomorrow .Please bring me a pen .take意为“拿走”“带走”，指从说话的地方拿到别的地方，如：Please help me to take the books to the classroom .My father will take me to Beijing this summer holiday.It seems to rain soon , dont forget to take an umbrellawith you .I dont need the pen ,pleasetake it away .carry “搬运，提，扛”，不确定方向，一般指拿较重较大的东西。如：I want you to carry the books to the classroom .8. borrow “借来”，borrow sth from sb “向某人借某物”，如：Can I borrow a pen from you ?=Can I borrow your pen ?Lend “借出”，lend sth to sb =lend sbsth “把某物借给某人”，如：Can you lend me your pan ?=Can you lend your pen to me ?borrow 与lend 都是短暂性动词，如与时间段状语连用时须改为keep，如：I have kept the book for two weeks .How long may I keep the book ?9. all意为“所有的，全部，都”，用于三者或三者以上的人或事物，可指可数或者不可数名词，可做主语、宾语和状语。如：All of us like sports .They all come from the USA.none意为“一个也不，什么也没有，都不”，用于三者或三者以上的人或事物，只用于可数名词，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数，可做主语、宾语和状语,强调的是数量。如：None of them can play the piano .-How many students are there in the classroom now ? -None .There is / are none left in the room .both意为“都”，用于两者，谓语动词用复数，可做主语、定语、宾语和状语，如：Both he and I are interested in action films .Both of them can swim well .There are many trees and flowers on both sides of the street .neither意为 “一个也不，都不”，用于两者，谓语动词用单数，可做主语、宾语和状语，如：Neither he nor I am interested in action films . -Which would you like ,tea or coffee ? -Neither , Im not thirsty .Neither of us likes playing football .either意为“任何一个”，用于两者，谓语动词用单数，可做主语、宾语和状语，如：There are many trees and flowers on either side of the street .Here are two pens .You can take either of them ,but you cant take both of them .- Would you like some tea or coffee ? - Either is OK , Im very thirsty .Either you or I amwrong .any意为“任何一个”，用于三者或三者以上，谓语动词用单数，可做主语、宾语和状语，如： -When will you be free ,Friday ,Saturday or Sunday？-Any day is OK if you like .Im free every day except today .Shanghai is larger than any other cityin China .Shanghai is larger than any cityin Jiangsu . Any of them can speak English well .each意为“每一个”，指两者或者两者以上，谓语动词用单数，可做主语、宾语、定语和状语，如：Each of them knows a foreign language .There are many trees and flowers on each side of the street .These books cost ten yuaneach .every意为“每一个”，指三者或三者以上，谓语动词用单数，只能做定语，如：We go to school on foot every day .everyone意为“每人，人人”，指三者或三者以上，谓语动词用单数，如：Everyone in our class likes reading .every one意为“每一个人/ 物”，指三者或三者以上，谓语动词用单数，如：Every one of them likes watching films directed by Zhang Yimou .（= Each of them likes watching films directed by Zhang Yimou.）10. .between 意为“在之间”，指两者之间，但其宾语不一定就是两个人或物，如：Jim sits between Lucy and me .There are some differences between the four words .among 意为“在之中”，其宾语必须要有三者或三者以上，如：He left without a word and quickly disappeared among the people .His house lies among the young trees .11. too “也”，一般置于句末，与句子主干部分有逗号；also “也”，一般置于句中行为动词前，be动词、连系动词与情态动词的后面，either “也”，一般只用于否定句，置于句末，as well “也”，一般也置于句末，与句子主干部分无标点。如：He doesnt know the answer ,either .Also ,he is the chairperson of the Students Union .He also knows some French .He knows some French ,too .He knows some French as well .12. interesting “要有趣的”一般修饰事物， interested “感兴趣的”一般指人；boring “乏味的，枯燥的”一般修饰事物，bored“无聊的”一般指人；exciting “令人兴奋的，激动人心的” 一般修饰事物，excited “兴奋的，激动的”一般指人；amazing “惊人的，令人惊讶的” 一般修饰事物，=surprising，amazed “惊讶的”一般指人=surprised；worrying “令人担心的” 一般修饰事物，worried “着急的，焦虑的”一般指人；pleasant “令人愉快的”一般修饰事物，pleased “愉快的，高兴的”一般指人；tiring “累人的”一般修饰事物，tired “累的”一般指人；relaxing “令人放松的”一般修饰事物，relaxed “放松的”一般指人。interest 名词“兴趣”excitement 名词“兴奋，激动”pleasure 名词 “快乐”surprise 名词“惊讶，惊奇”be interested in -“对感兴趣”=have/ show ( an ) interest in-， be excited about -“对感到兴奋”，with excitement “兴奋地，激动地”，be amazed/ surprised at -“对感到惊讶”，in surprise “惊讶地”，to ones surprise “使某人惊讶的是”，be worried about -“对感到着急，为担心”=worry about-；be pleased with-“对感到满意”=be satisfied with-, with pleasure “很乐意，愿意效劳”回答别人的请求，Its a / my pleasure . “乐意效劳，不客气”，回答别人的感谢；be tired out “筋疲力尽”be tired of-“厌烦对感到厌倦”。13. wear意为“穿着，戴着”，强调穿戴的状态，其宾语是衣服，如：She likes wearing red clothes .She is wearing a white skirttoday .put on意为“穿着，戴着”，强调穿戴的动作过程，其中on为副词，其宾语是衣服，如：Youd better put on a raincoat ,its raining outside .dress意为“给穿衣服”“穿衣服”，其宾语是人，dress oneself =get dressed,意为“（自己）穿衣服”，dress up 意为“打扮”，dress up as意为“打扮成”，dress (up) in意为“（打扮）穿着”，如：Her brother is old enough to get dressed / dress himself .She dressed up in her favourite clothes and went to Simons birthday party .Children likes dressing up as ghost at Halloween .( be ) in意为“穿着，戴着”，也是强调穿戴的状态，其宾语一般为衣服，但也可为表示颜色的名词，意为“穿着颜色的衣服”，常用来作后置定语修饰名词，如：You look very nice in yellow .The girl in a light green dress is Jims cousin .try -on “试穿/戴”宾语为衣服，如：This pair of shoes looks good . May I try them on?have -on “穿着”14. think of - “想，认为”think -over “仔细考虑” think about-“考虑，思考”如：What do you think of my idea?It is very important. You should think it over.He is thinking about how to go to Beijing .15. be made of意为“由制成”，指能够看出原料的制成品，如：The tablesare made of wood .be made from意为“由制成”，指不能够看出原料的制成品，如：Paper is often made from wood .be made into意为“被制成”，如：Wood is often made into paper and furniture.be made in 意为“在制成”，如：The computer is made in China .be made up of意为“由组成”，如：A football team is made up of eleven football players .make -out of “用制成”=use -to make 如：People make lanterns out of pumpkins at Halloween.=People use pumpkins to make lanterns at Halloween.16. look good in sth “穿着好看”in的宾语是衣物；look good on sb “某人穿好看”on的宾语是人。如：Amy looks good in red.The jeans look cool on him.17. give sbsth as a treat“招待某人，用招待某人” =give sb a treat of -18. wait for- “等候”cant wait for- “迫不及待地”cant wait to do sth “迫不及待地做某事”cant stop doing sth “不停地做某事，忍不住做某事”cant help doing sth “忍不住做某事”19. have fun doing “做某事很愉快”= have a good /great time doing sthhave problems with sth “有问题” have problems doing sth “做某事遇到问题”have difficulty with sth “某事遇到困难”have difficulty doing sth “做某事遇到困难”have trouble doing sth “做某事遇到麻烦”20. need to do意为“需要做”，其主语是“do”的执行者，如：My pen is broken .I need to buy a new one .need doing意为“需要做”，其主语是“do”的承受者，相当于need to be done ,如：My bike is broken and it needs repairing .need sb to do sth “需要某人做某事”如：I need you to help me carry the bags.21. hear of -“听说”=hear about- hear from- “收到某人的来信”=receive/ get a letter from sb22. far (away) from-“远离”，不和具体距离连用，- 具体距离+away from-“离（多少）距离”如：Beijing is far away from Guangzhou.Beijing is about two kilometers away from Guangzhou.23. knock on/ at - “敲（门/ 窗）”knock- off “碰掉，撞倒”knock over“打翻，撞倒”24. be bad for-“对有害”=be harmful to-/ do harm to- be good for -“对有益”二、语法知识1. 疑问词的用法1）疑问代词：what, Which, who, whose 在句中充当主语或宾语； what是对事物的名称提问，须注意以下句型：Whats your father?=What does your father do ?=Whats your fathers job ?Whats your age ?=How old are you ?Whats the price of -?=How much is -?=How much does -cost ?Whats -like ?“怎么样？”Whats the capital of -?Whats the population of -?Whats your telephone number ?Whats the weight of -?2）疑问副词：where ,when, why, how , how many, how much, how often, how long, how soon, how far, how old ,what time , what day -how often 意为“多久一次，多常”，对频率（ often ,sometimes ,always ,never ,twice a day ,three times a week 等）提问，如：-How often do you write to your father ? -About once a month .how soon 意为“多久以后，什么时候”，对将来的时间（ in ）提问，如：-How soon will you come back ? - In two weeks .how long 意为“多长，多久”，可以问长度，也可以问时间的长度，如：-How long is the ChangjiangRiver ? - About 6,300 km .-How long may I keep the library book ? -About two weeks .how far 意为“多远”，对距离提问，如：-How far is your school from your home ? -About 2 km .how much 意为“多少，多少钱”，可以问不可数名词的数量，也可以问价钱，如：-How much food is there in the fridge ? - None is left .How much does a panda weigh at birth ?-How much does the book cost ? -￥15.how many 意为“多少”，对可数名词的数量提问，如：-How many students are there in your class ? - 51 .2. 可数名词与不可数名词1）可数名词复数的构成规则大部分直接在词尾加-s,如:cakes, pens;以辅音字母加y结尾的单词,去y再加-ies,如：watches, wishes, boxes 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词加-es, stories, families;以f, fe结尾的名词, 去掉f, fe, 加-ves,如： life-lives, knifeknives wifewives , wolfwolves ；以o结尾的名词，部分加-s, 部分加-es, 如:tomatoes, potatoes, mangoes , heroes pianos, radios .2）不规则名词的复数child-children woman-womenman-men foot-feet tooth-teeth goose-geese Chinese-Chinese sheep-sheepwalkman-walkmans fish-fish GermanGermans Japanese-Japanese mouse-mice gentlemangentlemen deer-deer postmanpostmen firemanfiremen policemanpolicemen snowmansnowmen stomachstomachs EnglishmanEnglishmen 3) 复合名词复数的构成绝大部分复合名词复数的构成中心名词用复数，其他名词仍然用单数,如: girl friendgirl friends, shoe shopshoe shops ;但man/ woman 与其他名词构成的复合名词构成复数时，两个词都用复数，如 women teachers。4) 集体名词本身复数的概念集体名词本身就是复数，不存在单数形式,如police , people, clothes, trousers, shorts, glasses, gloves, the + 姓s (某某一家人) 等,与此相对应的动词须用复数。如:The blue trousers are mine .The Browns are from the USA.5) 不可数名词量的表达用不定代词much, a lot of, lots of, some, a little.如much water , a lot of milk, some coffee , a little juice借助其它可数名词如piece, bottle, cup, glass, bowl, carton, packet, kilo, can, loaf等,一般用a piece of-/ a cup of -/- 结构，使用时数词与这些可数名词要保持一致。如a bottle of ink , a cup of tea, three bags of salt, two pieces of meat 3. some, any 的用法1）some和any 表示“一些”，既可以加可数名词，又可以加不可数名词；2）some 一般用于肯定句中，any 常用于疑问句和否定句中；3）在表示请求或征求意见的疑问句中希望得到对方的肯回答时,通常用some；如：May I ask you some questions ?Can I get some water ?Would you like some tea ?Shall we buy some fruit ?What about eating some apples?Why not give him some coffee?4. there be 结构1）There be 表示“某地有某物或有某人。2）当there be 后面有两个或两个以上的名词时，动词be要与它最近的名词保持一致即：就近原则，如：There is an eraser and two pencils in the box. =There are two pencils and an eraser in the b