人教版必修三unit 4 astronomy the science of the stars using language课时作业.docx

using language课时作业i. 完形填空体裁话题词数难度建议时间记叙文免费赠送航空机票27117分钟 (2017新课标全国卷iii)atorontomanisofferingafreeround-the-worldairticket totherightwoman.but _41_ apply.you must benamedelizabethgallagherandhaveacanadian 42 .jordan axani, 28, said he and his then girlfriend, elizabeth gallagher, booked heavily discounted round-the-world air tickets in may, but their 43 ended and he did not want her ticket to 44 . the ticket had a strict no-transfer（不可转让） 45 , but since passport information was not required when 46 , any canadian elizabeth gallagher can 47 it. i just want to see the ticket go to good use and for someone to 48 a lot of joy, said axani. he posted his 49 on a social networking website, and received thousands of e-mails, including thirty from actual elizabeth gallaghers with the 50 passports. more 51 , there are hundreds of canadians who are interested in 52 their name to elizabeth gallagher, axani said. it was absolutely out of 53 , thousands of e-mails, people around the world 54 their stories of travel.axani wrote in his post that he is not 55 anything in return and that the woman who uses the 56 ticket can choose to either travel with him or 57 the ticket and travel on her own.the 58 is scheduled to start on december 21 in new york city and continue on to milan, prague, paris, bangkok and new delhi before 59 in toronto on january 8. he said the 60 woman will be announced on the website and the trip will be shared online.41. a. benefitsb. depositsc. restrictionsd. examinations42. a. originb. passportc. accentd. friend43. a. holidayb. marriagec. dreamd. relationship44. a. go to wasteb. come to mindc. go on saled. come into effect 45. a. policyb. orderc. paymentd. schedule46. a. applyingb. bookingc. checkingd. bargaining47. a. useb. borrowc. choosed. buy48. a. sacrificeb. expressc. experienced. provide49. a. answerb. advicec. offerd. comment50. a. sameb. rightc. newd. real51. a. interesting b. annoying c. satisfying d. convincing52. a. writing b. giving c. lending d. changing53. a. touch b. question c. date d. control54. a. admiring b. advertising c. sharing d. doubting55. a. leaving b. looking forc. losing d. dealing with56. a. single b. strange c. regular d. extra57. a. return b. take c. reserve d. hide58. a. interview b. program c. trip d. meeting59. a. ending b. calling c. repeating d. staying60. a. honored b. lovely c. intelligent d. lucky【答案】【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了一个加拿大青年在和女朋友分手后，希望免费赠送自己为女朋友购买的环球航空旅行机票的故事，体现了年轻人无私的精神。41. c 考查名词。a. benefits利益；b. deposits押金；c. restrictions限制；d. examinations考试。根据后句内容you must be named elizabeth gallagher and have a canadian 42 可知申请免费环球旅行是有条件限制的，需要是名叫elizabeth gallagher、有加拿大护照的女子。43. d 考查名词。a. holiday假期；b. marriage婚姻；c. dream梦想；d. relationship关系。根据下文jordan axani转让机票可知他和女朋友关系结束了。44. a 考查动词短语。a. go to waste浪费；b. come to mind想到；c. go on sale开始销售；d. come into effect 开始生效。根据下文i just want to see the ticket go to good use and for someone to 48 a lot of joy可知他之所以想把票赠送给同名的人，目的是不想浪费掉机票。故选a。45. a 考查名词。a. policy政策；b. order命令；c. payment付款；d. schedule 计划，时间表。机票都是实名制，而且不可以转让，根据常识和语境可知这是一种政策。故选a。46. b 考查动词。a. applying申请；b. booking预订；c. checking核实；d. bargaining讨价还价。虽然机票不可转让，但是在预订的时候不需要护照的具体信息，因此在预订后这张机票可以给姓名相同的人使用。故选b。47. a 考查动词。a. use使用；b. borrow借用；c. choose选择；d. buy 购买。根据上文的介绍可知，因为护照信息没有登记，所以任何一个名叫elizabeth gallagher，而且拥有加拿大护照的人都可以用这张机票。48. c 考查动词。a. sacrifice牺牲；b. express表达；c. experience经历；d. provide提供。人们如果能免费环球旅行，当然会享受到很多的乐趣。51. a 考查形容词。a. interesting有趣的；b. annoying令人恼火的；c. satisfying令人满意的；d. convincing令人信服的。根据空后的内容可知有数百人想改名字，这当然是一件很有趣的事情。52. d 考查动词。a. writing 写；b. giving给；c. lending借出；d. changing改变。根据上文可知申请的要求是需要和jordan axani前女友同名，所以有人甚至想改名字。53. d 考查名词。a. touch触动；b. question问题；c. date日期；d. control控制。根据后句内容可知，世界上的很多人都知道这件事，如果允许人们改名字的话，那么事情就会无法控制。54. c 考查动词。a. admiring羡慕；b. advertising 广告；c. sharing分享；d. doubting怀疑。根据上文可知jordan axani收到了数千封邮件，所以很多人都分享他们的旅行故事。55. b 考查动词。a. leaving 离开；b. looking for 寻找；c. losing失去；d. dealing with 对付。根据文章首段的首句可知jordan axani是免费送给别人他多余的票，而不求回报。56. d 考查形容词。a. single 单一的；b. strange奇怪的；c. regular定期的；d. extra额外的。根据第二段可知jordan axani在和女朋友分手后，女朋友的机票就是多余出来的了。57. b 考查动词。a. return 回去；b. take拿走；c. reserve保留；d. hide隐藏。根据空后内容and travel on her own可知，申请到票的人可以和他一起旅行，也可以拿着票自己去旅行。58. c 考查名词。a. interview采访；b. program项目；c. trip旅行；d. meeting会面。根据第三段末句their stories of travel可知，jordan axani是在赠送环球旅行的飞机票。ii. 阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a、b、c和d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。passage 1体裁话题词数难度建议时间新闻报道无人驾驶的自动化汽车3486分钟(2017新课标全国卷ii)this month, germanys transport minister, alexander dobrindt, proposed the first set of rules for autonomous vehicles(自主驾驶车辆). they would define the drivers role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives might be lost. the proposal attempts to deal with what some call the death valley of autonomous vehicles: the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.dobrindt wants three things: that a car always chooses property(财产) damage over personal injury; that it never distinguishes between humans based on age or race; and that if a human removes his or her hands from the driving wheel to check email, say the cars maker is responsible if there is a crash.the change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving, says dobrindt. it will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers, he says.who is responsible for the operation of such vehicles is not clear among car makers, consumers and lawyers. the liability(法律责任) issue is the biggest one of them all, says natasha merat at the university of leeds, uk.an assumption behind uk insurance for driverless cars, introduced earlier this year, insists that a human be watchful and monitoring the road at every moment.but that is not what many people have in mind when thinking of driverless cars. when you say driverless cars, people expect driverless cars. merat says. you know no driver.because of the confusion, merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated without operation.driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own, says ryan calo at stanford university, california. that is happening in the uk and singapore, where government-provided driverless vehicles are being launched.that would go down poorly in the us, however. the idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here, says calo.46. what does the phrase death valley in paragraph 2 refer to?a. a place where cars often break down.b. a case where passing a law is impossible.c. an area where no driving is permitted. d. a situation where drivers role is not clear.47. the proposal put forward by dobrindt aims to _.a. stop people from breaking traffic rulesb. help promote fully automatic drivingc. protect drivers of all ages and racesd. prevent serious property damage48. what do consumers think of the operation of driverless cars?a. it should get the attention of insurance companies.b. it should be the main concern of law makers.c. it should not cause deadly traffic accidents.d. it should involve no human responsibility.49. driverless vehicles in public transport see no bright future in _.a. singaporeb. the ukc. the usd. germany50. what could be the best title for the passage?a. autonomous driving: whose liability?b. fully automatic cars: a new breakthroughc. autonomous vehicles: driver removed!d. driverless cars: root of road accidents【答案】【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道。文章记叙了德国交通部长的对于自主驾驶车辆的规章制度的一个提议，引出说明了位于科技前沿的无人驾驶的自动化车辆在英国、新加坡和美国的不同前景。48. d 【解析】细节理解题。根据第六、七、八段内容可知选d。49. c 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段that would go down poorly in the us, however. the idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here, says calo.可知选c。50. a 【解析】标题归纳题。通读全文可以知道，本文主要讲述了谁来对无人驾驶的机动车辆负责。故选a。【名师点睛】这篇文章的内容和每个人的生活都密切相关，讲的是谁对新型交通工具无人驾驶的全自动化的车辆负责，各国意见不一，学生应该有兴趣阅读。材料涉及科技前沿，文章篇幅适中，设题考查比较全面，除了理解细节题，还需要适当的推理，还有词义辨析类的题目，对学生的能力考查得比较全面。做词义辨析类的题目，要仔细阅读这个词所在句的前后的句子，看有没有关联的同义词、反义词或是这个词的定义，分析这篇阅读的46题，要求考生正确理解含有这个短语的整个句子以及标点符号的作用。passage 2体裁话题词数难度建议时间议论文太空生活3726分钟(2015湖北)the oddness of life in space never quite goes away. here are some examples.first consider something as simple as sleep. its position presents its own challenges. the main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag. if you leave your arms out, they float free in zero gravity, often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny balled(芭蕾) dancer. im an inside guy, mike hopkins says, who returned from a six-month tour on the international space station. i like to be wrapped up.on the station, the ordinary becomes strange. the exercise bike for the american astronauts has no handlebars. it also has no seat. with no gravity, its just as easy to pedal violently. you can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want. but station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long. without gravity to help circulate air, the carbon dioxide you exhale(呼气) has a tendency to form an invisible(隐形的) cloud around your head. you can end up with what astronauts call a carbon-dioxide headache.leroy chiao, 54, an american retired astronaut after four flights, describes what happens even before you float out of your seat,your inner ear thinks youre falling. meanwhile your eyes are telling you youre standing straight. that can be annoying thats why some people feel sick. within a couple of days truly terrible days for some astronauts brains learn to ignore the panicky signals from the inner ear, and space sickness disappears.space travel can be so delightful but at the same time invisibly dangerous. for instance, astronauts lose bone mass. thats why exercise is considered so vital that national aeronautics and space administration(nasa) puts it right on the workday schedule. the focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as it is about keeping any individual astronaut healthy. nasa is worried about two things: recovery time once astronauts return home, and, more importantly, how to maintain strength and fitness for the two and a half years or more that it would take to make a round-trip to mars.63. what is the major challenge to astronauts when they sleep in space?a. deciding on a proper sleep position.b. choosing a comfortable sleeping bag.c. seeking a way to fall asleep quickly.d. finding a right time to go to sleep.64. the astronauts will suffer from a carbon-dioxide headache when _.a. they circle around on their bikesb. they use microcomputers without a stopc. they exercise in one place for a long timed. they watch a movie while pedaling65. some astronauts feel sick on the station during the first few days because _.a. their senses stop workingb. they have to stand up straightc. they float out of their seats unexpectedlyd. their brains receive contradictory messages66. one of the nasas major concerns about astronauts is _.a. how much exercise they do on the stationb. how they can remain healthy for long in spacec. whether they can recover after returning homed. whether they are able to go back to the station【答案】【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。本文通过举例说明了太空生活的奇妙：在太空睡觉时，对宇航员来说主要的挑战在于恰当的睡眠姿势；宇航员在一个地方运动久了会出现碳毒性头痛；宇航员的大脑接收到矛盾的信息时会感到恶心。最后告诉我们美国国家宇航局对宇航员主要的担心是宇航员回家后的修养期和如何在太空长久地保持健康。63. a 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第一、二句first consider something as simple as sleep. its position presents its own challenges.可知在太空睡觉时，对宇航员来说主要的挑战在于恰当的睡眠姿势。故选a项。64. c 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的but station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long. you can end up with what astronauts call a carbon-dioxide headache.可知宇航员在一个地方运动久了会出现碳毒性头痛。故选c项。65. d 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中的your inner ear thinks youre falling. meanwhile your eyes are telling you youre standing straight. that can be annoying thats why some people feel sick.可知宇航员在大脑接收到矛盾的信息时会感到恶心。故选d项。【试题分析】 阅读理解材料开阔，内含丰富。随着人类第一次登月成功，人类对宇宙的探索越来越深入。而载人航天器可以将人类带至其他星球。那么，航天器、空间站上宇航员的生活是什么样的呢？本篇是关于太空空间站的日常生活的奇特之处的，将大家感兴趣或者感觉很神秘的宇航员在空间站的日常生活展现在大家面前。passage 3体裁话题词数难度建议时间议论文科学3456分钟(2015湖北)science has a lot of uses. it can uncover laws of nature, cure diseases, make bombs, and help bridges to stand up. indeed science is so good at what it does that theres always a temptation(诱惑) to drag it into problems where it may not be helpful. david brooks, author of the social animal: the hidden sources of love, character, and achievement, appears to be the latest in a long line of writers who have failed to resist the temptation.brooks gained fame for several books. his latest book the social animal, however, is more ambitious and serious than his earlier books. it is an attempt to deal with a set of weighty topics. the book focuses on big questions: what has science revealed about human nature? what are the sources of character? and why are some people happy and successful while others arent?to answer these questions, brooks surveys a wide range of disciplines(学科). considering this, you might expect the book to be a dry recitation of facts. but brooks has structured his book in an unorthodox(非常规的), and perhaps unfortunate, way. instead of introducing scientific theories, he tells a story, within which he tries to make his points, perhaps in order to keep the readers attention. so as harold and erica, the hero and heroine in his story, live through childhood, we hear about the science of child development, and as they begin to date we hear about the theory of sexual attraction. brooks carries this through to the death of one of his characters.on the whole, brookss story is acceptable if uninspired. as one would expect, his writing is mostly clear and, to be fair, some chapters stand out above the rest. i enjoyed, for instance, the chapter in which harold discovers how to think on his own. while harold and erica are certainly not strong or memorable characters, the more serious problems with the social animal lie eslewhere. these problems partly involve brookss attempt to translate his tale into science.67.the author mentions the functions of science at the beginning of the passage to_.a. illustrate where science can be appliedb. demonstrate the value of brookss new bookc. remind the reader of the importance of scienced. explain why many writers use science in their works68.according to the author, which of the following could be a strength of the book?a. its strong basis.b. its convincing points.c. its clear writing.d. its memorable characters.69.what is the authors general attitude towards the book?a. contradictory.b. supportive.c. cautious.d. critical.70. what is the author likely to write about after the last paragraph?a. problems with the book.b. brookss life experiences.c. death of the characters.d. brookss translation skills. 【答案】67. d 【解析】写作意图题。首段第一、二句首先列举出科学的许多功能，接着指出科学有巨大的诱惑力，以致许多作家抵挡不住这种诱惑，在文学作品中运用到科学。故选d项。68. c 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的, his writing is mostly clear and, to be fair, some chapters stand out above the rest. i enjoyed,可知作者认为写作思路清晰是这本书的一大优势。故选c项。69. d 【解析】观点态度题。最后一段中的连词while之前是这本书的优势，其后作者指出了其不足，因此作者对这部书持批判的态度。故选d项。70. a 【解析】篇章结构题。文章最后一段中连词while后面的部分开始谈论这本书存在的问题，因此紧接着作者应该还是在写这本书的不足之处。故选a项。【试题分析】现代社会的进步离不开科技的进步、科学的发展。科学有什么作用呢？又有什么魅力引导这各行各业的人们孜孜不倦地追求科学？本文就讲了作家在文学作品中运用科学，并用严禁的学术风格和犀利的批判眼光来引起学生对学术殿堂的向往。ii. 短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文