译林版必修三unit 3 back to the past Reading学案 (1).docx

unit 3 back to the past reading学案lost civilizationsday 1, 15 julyi feel lucky to have won a place on this trip.we are in italy now, and tomorrow we are visiting pompeii.next week we are flying to china, and going to loulan, which is known as chinas pompeii in the desert.both pompeii and loulan became lost civilizations long ago.day 2, 16 julythis morning we attended a lecture about pompeii.the city was founded in the 8th century bc.in 89 bc, the romanstook over pompeii.it then became a rich and busy city.near the city was a volcano.on 24 august ad 79, the volcano erupted and lava， ash and rocks poured out of it onto the surrounding countryside.it continued to erupt for the next two days.many people were buried alive， and so was the city.how unfortunate！day 3, 17 julytoday i saw the ancient roman city of pompeii as it was 2,000 years ago.how amazing！ the city was forgotten for many years until the 18th century when a farmer discovered a stone with writing on it.people started to dig in the area for treasure, which caused much damage.thus, in 1860, the area was put under government protection so it could be preserved and studied.civilization/sivlaizein/n.文明are visiting 和 are flying 都是现在进行时，表示的是将要发生的动作。which is known as .是非限制性定语从句，修饰loulan。lecture/lekt(r)/n.讲座attend a lecture 听讲座found/fand/vt.兴建，创建bc/bisi/abbr.公元前(before christ 的缩写)roman/rmn/n.罗马人adj.罗马的，罗马人的take over 夺取；接管volcano/vlkein/n.火山(pl.) volcanoes/volcanos表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且句子的主语是名词时，句子用全部倒装语序。ad/eidi/abbr.公元(anno domini 的缩写)erupt/irpt/vi.(火山等)爆发lava/lv/n.熔岩， 火山岩ash/n.灰，灰烬ashes 废墟；骨灰pour/p(r)/vi.涌流，倾泻vt.倒出(液体)bury vt.埋，埋葬；安葬alive adj.活的，在句中作主语补足语。so was the city是“so助动词主语”的部分倒装结构。unfortunate/nftnt/adj.不幸的，遗憾的as用作连词，意为“正如”，引导方式状语从句。how amazing! 多令人惊奇啊！amazing adj.惊人的，了不起的when a farmer discovered .是定语从句，修饰 the 18th century, when 相当于 in which。dig v挖，掘n.触，碰；挖苦，讽刺；挖掘which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句。preserve v保存，保护preserve sb./sth.from .保护免受so it could be .是目的状语从句。失落的文明第13段译文第一天，7月15日能获得这次旅行的机会我感到很幸运。现在我们在意大利，明天我们将游览庞贝。下周我们会飞往中国并打算去楼兰，那是沙漠中的一座被誉为“中国庞贝”的古城。庞贝和楼兰都是很久以前失落的文明。第二天，7月16日今天上午我们听了一场有关庞贝的讲座。这座城市建于公元前8世纪。公元前89年，罗马人占领了庞贝。后来庞贝成了一座繁华的城市。离该城不远处有一座火山。公元79年8月24日，这座火山爆发了，岩浆、火山灰以及岩石喷涌而出，全部倾泻到周围的村庄。火山爆发持续了两天。很多人被活埋了，整个城市也被掩埋。真是太不幸了！第三天，7月17日今天我见到了罗马古城庞贝，它就跟两千年前一模一样。多令人惊奇啊！这座城市多年来一直被人们遗忘，直到18世纪时一个农民发现了一块刻有文字的石头。人们开始在这一区域挖掘寻宝，这造成了很大的破坏。因此在1860年，政府将这一区域保护了起来，便于保存和研究。when i walked around the city, i saw streets just as they had been, with stepping stones along the road so you did not have to step in the mud on rainy days! i saw several houses which were decorated with wall paintings.i also saw the people who had been buried alive.it turns out that after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city, their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared, leaving empty spaces in the ash.years later, researchers were able to use these empty spaces to produce truetolife figures of the people who had died in the disaster.you can see them today in pompeii, in the same places where the people fell. the volcano is still there, but looks very quiet now.its hard to imagine how this peaceful volcano destroyed the whole city！day 10, 24 julyfinally, we arrived in loulan after several days of travelling.this commercial city was busy and wealthy about 2,000 years ago.it was a stopping point on the famous silk road between the east and the west.it is believed to have been gradually covered over by sandstorms from ad 200 to ad 400.i am so excited to be here！when引导时间状语从句；as引导方式状语从句。with stepping stones .是with复合结构(with宾语介词短语)，作状语，修饰 had been。mud/md/n.泥浆，烂泥decorate/dekreit/vt.装饰，装潢be decorated with 装饰有which引导定语从句，修饰 houses。flee/fli/(fled, fled) vt.&vi.逃避，逃跑；迅速离开researcher/rist(r)/n.研究者，调查者truetolife/trutlaif/adj.逼真的disaster/dizst(r)/n.灾难who had died .是定语从句，修饰 the people。where the people fell是定语从句，修饰places。imagine v想象；认为，想，后接名词、代词、v.ing 或从句。destroy/distri/vt.毁坏，摧毁how this peaceful volcano .是宾语从句。commercial/kml/adj.商业的，贸易的wealthy/weli/adj.富有的，富裕的gradually/grdli/adv.渐渐地，逐渐地cover sth.over(完全)盖住/遮住某物sandstorm/sndstm/n.沙尘暴，风沙snowstorm n暴风雪it is believed to have .中 it 指代上文提到过的 loulan。本句使用了“it is believed to do sth.” 句型，常可转换为“it is believed that .”。第45段译文当我在城中漫步时，我看到保持原样的街道，沿路都有垫脚石，这样下雨天你就不用在泥泞中行走了！我看到了几处装饰着壁画的房子。我也看到了被活埋的人。原来，火山灰覆盖了没能逃离城市的人，他们的身体几乎全部烧化消失了，只留下火山灰里的人形空当。多年之后，研究者们能够利用这些人形空当制作出逼真的遇难者轮廓。你现在可以在庞贝看到他们，就在他们原来倒下的同样的位置。火山还在那里，但现在看起来非常平静。很难想象这座平静的火山是如何摧毁整座城市的！第十天，7月24日经过好几天的旅程，我们终于抵达了楼兰。这座商业城市在大约两千年前也曾繁华过。它是连接东西方著名的丝绸之路上的停靠点。人们相信，从公元200年到公元400年，它已被沙尘暴逐渐吞没。能在这里我很兴奋！day 11, 25 julya scholar from the local culturalinstitute， professor zhang, told us that around the year 1900 the european explorer sven hedin discovered the ruins of the loulan kingdom.sven found the remains of buildings buried beneath the sand， together with a lot of treasures, including coins, paintedpots， material such as silk, documents and wall paintings.when we went to the city, we saw the city walls, palaces, temples, workshops and towers.we found the ruins most interesting.there was an ancient water system that ran through the middle of the city.the desert was once a green land with huge trees, but they were cut down and that resulted in the city being buried by sand what a pity！cultural/kltrl/adj.文化的institute/institjut/n.(教育或其他专业)机构，研究所ruin/ruin/n.废墟，毁坏 vt.破坏，毁灭remains/rimeinz/n.遗物，遗迹，遗骸beneath/bini/prep.在之下buried beneath the sand .是过去分词短语作后置定语。together with 又，连同(同 as well as)连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数与第一个主语保持一致。paint vt.(用颜料等)画；油漆pot/pt/n.罐，壶material/mtiril/n.材料；物质adj.物质的document/dkjmnt/n.文献，文件workshop/wkp/n.作坊，车间find复合结构，即 find宾语adj.(作宾语补足语)。run through 流经，贯穿that引导定语从句，修饰 water system。cut down 砍倒result in 导致result from 起因于；由导致 第6段译文第十一天，7月25日来自当地文化研究所的一位学者张教授告诉我们，大约在1900年，来自欧洲的探险家斯文海定发现了楼兰王国的遗迹。斯文发现了埋藏在沙子下面的建筑遗迹以及许多宝藏，包括钱币、彩绘罐、像丝绸这样的布料、文献以及壁画。当我们到这座城市时，我们看到了城墙、宫殿、庙宇、作坊及高塔。我们发现楼兰废墟非常有趣。有一条古老的供水系统贯穿市中心。这片沙漠曾经是大树成荫的绿洲，但这些树被砍倒了，那导致楼兰这座城市被沙子埋没多遗憾啊！prereading please match the words with their proper chinese meanings.1civilizationa兴建，创建2found b逃跑，逃避；迅速离开3pour c毁坏，摧毁4decorate d装饰，装潢5disaster e破坏，毁坏；废墟6destroy f涌流，倾泻；倒出(液体)7commercial g灾难8ruin h文明9flee i商业的，贸易的10remains j遗迹，遗物，遗骸答案：15hafdg610ciebjleadinare you familiar with these famous historic sites? match the following pictures with their names.athe summer palacebthe temple of heaven cthe great walldthe confucius temple estonehengefthe forbidden city gthe ruins of yuanmingyuanhthe taj mahal ipyramids答案：1.f2.g3.i4.e5.h6.a7.c8.d9.bwhilereading fastreading1look through the text and then finish the following question.the text is mainly about a cultural tour to sites_of_lost_civilizations.2summarize the main idea of each diary.diary 1aa visit to pompeii citydiary 2bthe purpose and destination of the tripdiary 3cthe discovery of the loulan kingdomdiary 4da lecture about pompeii and the volcanodiary 5egeneral information about loulan答案：diary 1bdiary 2ddiary 3adiary 4ediary 5ccarefulreading()choose the best answers according to the text.1which disaster destroyed the city of pompeii?athe earthquake.bthe snowstorm.cthe volcano eruption. dthe typhoon.2what were the stepping stones along the road in the city used for?aleading people walking along the road.bmaking people not step in the mud in the streets on rainy days.cmaking the city more beautiful.dmaking the children avoid walking in the mud.3loulan is called chinas pompeii in the desert because _.aboth of them once had great civilizationsbboth of them once had similar building structurescthey were both destroyed by volcano eruptiondthey were both powerful in the ancient past4which of the following statements is not true?apompeii was destroyed by a volcano while loulan was gradually covered over by sandstorms.bpompeii was in italy while loulan was in china.cboth of the two cities were discovered by local people.dboth of the two cities are lost civilizations about 2,000 years ago.5according to the last sentence, how did the author feel about the loss of loulan?aexcited.bsorry.chappy. dsurprised.答案：15cbacb()fill in each blank with only one word according to the text.lost civilizationsday 1 (15th july)planning to visit pompeii and loulan, both of which became lost 1.civilizations long ago.day 2 (16th july)attending a 2.lecture and learning more about the history of pompeii when it was 3.founded,_when and how it disappeared.day 3 (17th july)visiting pompeii, which was forgotten for many years.seeing several houses 4.decorated with wall paintings and the bodies of people who failed to 5.flee/escape when the volcano 6.erupted.day 10(24th july)visiting loulan, a 7.stopping point on the famous silk road between the east and the west, which was gradually covered by 8.sandstorms from ad 200 to ad 400.day 11 (25th july)getting more information about loulan by listening to professor zhang.seeing lots of things that the city had, including the water 9.system.learning about the causes that 10.resulted in the citys disappearance.studyreadinganalyze the following difficult sentences in the text.1when i walked around the city, i saw streets just as they had been, with stepping stones along the road so you did not have to step in the mud on rainy days!句式分析尝试翻译当我在城中漫步时，我看到保持原样的街道，沿路都有垫脚石，这样下雨天你就不用在泥泞中行走了！2it turns out that after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city，their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared, leaving empty spaces in the ash.句式分析本句是主从复合句，it是形式主语，真正的主语是由that引导的主语从句。该主语从句中包含一个由after引导的时间状语从句，此状语从句中还包含一个由who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词people。现在分词短语leaving .in the ash充当结果状语。尝试翻译原来，火山灰覆盖了没能逃离城市的人，他们的身体几乎全部烧化消失了，只留下火山灰里的人形空当。3a scholar from the local cultural institute, professor zhang, told us that around the year 1900 the european explorer sven hedin discovered the ruins of the loulan kingdom.句式分析尝试翻译来自当地文化研究所的一位学者张教授告诉我们，大约在1900年，来自欧洲的探险家斯文海定发现了楼兰王国的遗迹。.阅读理解apingyao, in the center of shanxi province, is a famous historic cultural city of china and a world cultural heritage (遗产) site.its 90 kilometers south of taiyuan on the fen river.people lived in pingyao during the new stone age.its long period as a county government seat has left pingyao with lots of historic buildings and sites, with a 2,700year history.ninetynine of them are under government protection, including zhengguo temple, shuanglin temple and pingyao ancient city.during the ming and qing dynasties, businessmen organized commercial (商业的) groups that did business nationwide.shanxi province had some of the most important ones and pingyao was their center.in 1823, a store, known as rishengchang (sunrise prosperity), traded in bank checks rather than in silver or gold coins.it was the beginning of modern chinese banking.branch (分支) banks were soon set up in major cities in china and other parts of asia, leading to great development in pingyao.its lacquer ware (漆器) became well known.in pingyao ancient city are many traditional houses and commercial buildings, 3,797 of which are protected and more than 400 of which are in good condition.not only do the houses in pingyao show shanxis history and culture, but this large number is valuable for studying its history, customs, ancient buildings and art.most of these houses are still used as homes and shops of local people.in 1997, ancient pingyao city was listed in world heritage list as “world culture heritage site”语篇解读：本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了历史文化名城山西平遥，其中包括它的历史、商业、文化、地理位置等。1what does the underlined word “them” (in paragraph 2) refer to?ahistoric buildings and sites.bthe three temples.cthe county government seats.dthe 2,700year history.解析：选a代词指代题。根据前面一句可知， them 指的是前面一句中所提到的“historic buildings and sites”。故a项正确。2which of the following about pingyao is not mentioned in the passage?aits location.bits tourism.cits business. dits history.解析：选b细节理解题。通读文章内容可知，第一段介绍了它的地理位置；第三段介绍了它的商业；第二段介绍了它的历史。只有b项未提及。3during the ming and qing dynasties, pingyao was a leading center in _.aagriculture braising cattleccommercial trade dmaking gold coin解析：选c细节理解题。根据第三段第一、二句“during the ming and qing dynasties, businessmen .pingyao was their center.” 可知，在明、清两朝期间，平遥是商业中心。故c项正确。4if you want to know about the history of banking in china, which of the following places should you visit?asunrise prosperity. bzhengguo temple.ca lacquer ware store. da commercial house.解析：选a细节理解题。根据第三段第三、四句“in 1823, a store, known as rishengchang .modern chinese banking.” 可知， rishengchang(即sunrise prosperity) 是现代中国银行的开端。故a项正确。bonly one of the 7 ancient wonders of the world still survives, which is the pyramids of giza in cairo.the other six ancient wonders of the world are the hanging gardens of babylon, the statue of zeus at olympia, the temple of artemis at ephesus, the mausoleum at halicarnassus, the colossus of rhodes and the lighthouse of alexandria.now a new list of seven has been chosen from 21 locations shortlisted for the worldwide vote by history lovers.an original list of nearly 200 sites picked out by the public was narrowed to 21 by the organizers and experts, including the former director general of unesco professor federico mayor.among the 21 locations were the stonehenge (巨石阵) in britain, acropolis in athens, the statue of liberty in new york, taj mahal in india and the great wall in china.the only standard for the new list was that the landmarks were built or discovered before 2000.the vote was organized by a nonprofit swiss foundation called new 7 wonders specializing in the protection, rebuilding and mending of historical relics.the result was announced in lisbon, on july 7, 2007.here is the complete list of the new seven wonders: the great wall of china, petra, chichn itz， the statue of christ redeemer, the colosseum, machu picchu and the taj mahal.for more information, please click .语篇解读：本文主要讲的是新世界七大奇迹已经通过投票产生。5according to the passage, which of the following is not true?aall of the ancient seven wonders disappeared.bthe great wall is one of the new seven wonders.cthe new seven wonders were chosen by voting.dthe taj mahal is also one of the new seven wonders.解析：选a推理判断题。从文章开头的“only one of the 7 ancient .pyramids of giza in cairo.”可知金字塔目前还存在，故a的说法是错误的。6whats the main task of new 7 wonders?ato build up new wonders.bto announce the voting results.cto protect and restore ancient sites.dto vote for the new seven wonders.解析：选c细节理解题。由第三段中的“.specializing in the protection, rebuilding and mending of historical relics.”可以确定，c项是正确的。7from this passage, those that can be selected as a wonder _.amust look beautiful and wonderfulbmust be built or discovered before 2000cmust be in the westdmust have a history of at least 2,000 years old解析：选b细节理解题。从第二段的最后一句可以知道，入选的唯一标准：必须是公元2000年前建造或发现的建筑，因此b项是正确的。8which of the following can be the best title of this passage?avoting for the new seven wondersbdisappearance of the ancient seven wonderscstonehenge in britaindthe new seven wonders of the world解析：选d标题归纳题。本文主要讲的是通过投票产生的新世界七大奇迹，故选d。cwith natural disasters bothering their lives every year, most people want to be prepared.anyone in the world can be attacked by a natural disaster so it is very necessary to be prepared for these kinds of possibilities.the basic needs to be stored for times of disasters are explained below.you should turn to a survival expert (生存专家) for help.having proper training will help you think and act properly when natural disasters attack.you should find excellent experts to make sure that you get the right kinds of training.natural disasters will make food supply difficult in your area.food is an important requirement.rich food is very important in such times of danger.buy some foods that are easily stored, like biscuits, hard candy, etc.bottled foods are not a good choice, while dry fruits would be best as they last long and give us energy.make a plan of action in times of disasters.knowing what to do in different situations will increase your chances of survival.you should know where to go.you and your family members should also have a safe way of communicating with each other.draw a plan and have drills (演习) with your family members in your free time.make the experience fun to avoid making it seem like hard work for children.natural disasters are natures anger.there is nothing we can do to stop such disasters.the only point of control that lies in our hands is to recover from such disasters.语篇解读：自然灾害是无法避免的， 一定要提前为防范自然灾害做好准备。9the main purpose of the passage is to help people _.afight against natural disasters bravelybkeep calm in times of natural disasterscprepare for natural disasters beforehanddtake steps to reduce the damage of natural disasters解析：选c写作意图题。第一段最后一句“the basic needs to be stored for times of disasters are explained below.”表明，本文主要告诉我们要为应对突发的自然灾害提前做准备。10what does the author think is necessary for us to do?areceive experts training.btake part in more sports.cstay active and healthy.dcarry enough money with us.解析：选a细节理解题。根据第二段“having proper training .right kinds of training.”可知，我们有必要接受救灾方面的专家的培训。11which kind of food is the most suitable to store before a disaster according to the