译林版高中英语选修8学案：词汇详解 Unit4　.doc

互动课堂疏导引导一、词汇详解1.magic n.魔法;法术；戏法;魔术;魔力;魅力 adj. 有魔力的；神奇的；棒极了；好极了【典型例句】n.do you believe in magic?你相信巫术吗？a passage was cleared through the crowd like magic.好像有一股神奇的力量在人群中间开出了一条通道。he can work his magic on both men and women.他对男人和女人都具有魅力。adj.it was a magic moment when the two sisters met with again after 30 years.30年后，姐妹俩再相遇，就像做梦一样。what was the trip like?magic!“旅行感觉如何？棒极了！”【相关链接】magical adj. 有魔力的；用于巫术的；奇妙的；十分愉快的magician n.魔术师；巫师as if by magic/like magic 太突然或太好，看来不合理magic表示“棒极了，好极了”时不用于名词前活学巧用1.1）完成句子（1）do you like_(这面魔镜吗)？答案:this magic mirror（2）he suddenly appeared _(像施了魔法一样).答案:as if by magic/like magic(3)there is no magic method for passing exams._(只有努力学习).答案：only hard work2)单项填空(1)what do you think of the film?_.a.wonderfulb.magicc.just so-sod.all of the above提示:本题句意为：“你认为这部电影怎么样？”wonderful“太棒了”；magic“好极了”；just so-so“一般一般”；都可以作为评价电影的词。答案：d（2）she has a magic touch with the children and they do everything _.a.she asksb.when she asksc.which she asksd.what she asks答案：a2.representative n.代表；代销人；典型人物 adj.典型的；有代表性的；代议制的【典型例句】n. she is our representative in france.她是我们公司驻法国的代表。he was the queens representative at the ceremony.他代表女王出席了庆典。adj. the painting is not representative of his work of the period.这幅画不是他在那个时期的代表作。this country carries out a representative democracy.这个国家执行的是代议制民主政体。【相关链接】represent v. 代表;象征;表现;描绘re-present v. 再给予;再递上representation n. 代表;维护;支持represent as 把描述为;声称represent to 向（某人）表示;交涉;愤怒地或抱怨地指出活学巧用2.单项填空（1）are your opinions representative_ those of the other students?a.tob.forc.ofd./提示:be representative of“是的代表”。答案:c(2)i_ him that it would be dangerous to do what he suggested.a.represented asb.represented toc.representedd.representative提示:represent to sb.“愤怒地向某人指出”。答案:b（3）would you like to send_to the meeting?a.representativeb.two representativesc.representd.two representations提示：representative为可数名词，而representation作“代表”讲时为不可数名词。答案：b3.view n.观点；见解；看法；视力,视野;风景;景色 vt.视作；认为；看待；观看;察看【典型例句】victory is in view.胜利在望。theres a fine view of the lake from our hotel window.从我们旅馆的窗口可以看到湖的美丽风光。she tried writing out her views.她试着把自己的想法写下来。these people were viewed as their most dangerous rivals.这些人被视为他们最危险的对手。【知识小结】view作“视力;视野;眼界”讲时同sight;作“风景;景色”时同scene,prospect;作“见解;信念”时同opinion;作“看;观察”时同look at,examine。【相关链接】in view 在视野中;被考虑；被记住in view of sth.鉴于；考虑到；由于on view 在展出;陈列着;展览着with a view to sth./to doing sth.为了;指望view sb./sth.as/with 把视为；以某种方式看待活学巧用3.单项填空（1）theres a_ of the river from my window.a.sceneb.sceneryc.viewd.sight提示:从某一位置看到的风景用view。答案:c（2）when the car was first built,the design was _as highly original.a.viewedb.regardedc.consideredd.a,b and c提示：句意为“这个设计被认为是独具匠心的”。“把看作，认为”，可用view/regard/consider/treat/look onas。答案：d（3）_the weather,the event will now be held indoors.a.becauseb.result inc.in view ofd.in case提示：句意为：“由于天气的缘故，这项赛事将在室内举行。”答案：c4.finance n.财政，金融 vt.&vi. 给提供资助;负担给的经费【典型例句】n. he got the position on the strength of his skill in finance.他凭着自己的理财本领得到了这个职位。the countrys finances have improved.这个国家财政状况改善了。vt. our project is adequately financed.我们的工程资金充足。vi.we are financing for the housing project.我们在为住宅计划筹措资金。活学巧用4.单项填空with the economy_ our finances have improved.a.developedb.developingc.to developd.to be developed提示：本题考查with的复合结构。句意为:“随着经济的发展，我们的财政得到很大的发展。”经济发展应用现在分词，动词不定式表将来。答案：b5.interrupt v.阻断；打断；打岔；插嘴；暂停【典型例句】vt. i dont want to interrupt you.go on with your story.我不想打断你。请把你的故事讲下去。the war interrupted the trade between the two countries.战争使两国间的贸易中断了。vi. go on.i dont want to interrupt.说下去，我不想打断你说话。活学巧用5.汉译英（1）对不起，打扰一下，有人要见你。_答案：sorry to interrupt,but theres someone to see you.（2）比赛因下雨中断了几次。_答案：the game was interrupted several times by rain.6.defence n. 辩护；保卫；防卫；防御物【典型例句】offence is the best defence.进攻是最好的防御。the government has reduced its expense on defence.政府减少了国防开支。the country put up a strong defence against the enemys invasion.为了抵制敌人的侵略，这个国家布置了坚固的防御工事。when the war ended all defences stopped,too.战争结束时防御工事也停止了。his defence was weak. 他的答辩软弱无力。【相关链接】in defence of 为辩护；保卫defend vt.防守；保卫；答辩defend sb.from/against 保护某人不受活学巧用6.1）句型转换（1）she defended herself successfully in court.she_ _ _successfully in court.答案：was in defence of(2)all our officers are trained to defend themselves against knife attacks.all our officers are trained to defend themselves_knife attacks.答案：from2)汉译英（1）有什么论点能提出来为这个说法辩护呢？_答案：what points can be raised in defence of this argument?(2)他们为保卫祖国而战。_答案：they fought the war in defence of their country.7.regardless of 不管；不顾；不理会【典型例句】the club welcomes all new members regardless of age.俱乐部对所有新成员不分年龄一律欢迎。he went ahead and did it,regardless of the consequences.他说干就干了，没有考虑后果。the amount will be paid to everyone regardless of whether they have children or not.不管有没有孩子，每个人都会得到相同的金额。【相关链接】regardless adv.不顾；不加理会regarding prep.关于；至于in/with regard to sb./sth.关于；至于活学巧用7.单项填空（1）the weather was terrible but we_ regardless.a.carried outb.carried onc.carried overd.carried away提示：本句句意为：“天气非常恶劣，但我们并不理会，照常进行。”carry out“执行”；carry on“继续”；carry over“延迟；应用”；carry away“失去自制力”。答案：b（2）_danger,he climbed the tower.a.in regard tob.due toc.because ofd.regardless of提示：本句句意为:“他不顾危险地爬上了高塔。”b项due to“因为”；in regard to“至于；关于”。答案：d8.distinguish vt.区别；辨别；使杰出；出名 vi. 区分；辨别【典型例句】vt. he can distinguish a genuine antique from a reproduction.他能区别真正的古董与复制品。i can distinguish my roommates by their footsteps.我能根据室友的脚步声辨认出他们。she distinguished herself as a black lawyer.她成了一位杰出的黑人律师。vi. it is certainly important to distinguish between right and wrong.明辨是非当然要紧。【相关链接】distinguishable adj.可认明的；清晰可见的；可辨别的；显然不同的distinguished adj.著名的；卓越的；杰出的活学巧用8.1）单项填空i can_ them by their uniforms.a.recognizeb.distinguishc.regardd.a and b提示：本句句意为：“我能从他们的制服辨别出他们。”recognize，distinguish都有“识别、辨别”的含义。答案：d2）句型转换i can distinguish between right and wrong.i can distinguish_ _ _.答案：right from wrong3）完成句子he_ by his performance in the examination.(他因考试成绩卓越出了名。)答案：distinguished himself9.as long as 只要【典型例句】its ok to leave an electrical appliance on as long as you are using it.只要你在使用电器，使它处于工作状态是可以的。you may borrow the book as long as you keep it clean.只要你不把书弄脏，就可以借给你。as long as you are happy,it doesnt matter what you do.只要你高兴，你做什么都没关系。as long as it doesnt rain，we can play.只要不下雨，我们就能玩。【知识小结】as long as=so long as“只要；如果”等于on condition that,provided(that),providing(that),if,only if,as/so long as;还可表示本意“像那么长/久”；在否定句中要把第一个so换成as。活学巧用9.单项填空（1）_it，is good weather we will get a successful holiday.which is wrong?a.so long asb.provided thatc.so longd.on condition that答案：c（2）you may use my room as you like,_ you clean it up afterwards.a.so early asb.as well asc.as soon asd.so long as提示：句意为“你可以用我的房间，只要你打扫干净。”答案：d（3）the rope is_ that one.a.so long asb.as long asc.as well asd.so well as答案：b10.boycott vt. 抵制；排斥 n.抵制【典型例句】v. they boycotted the meeting.他们拒绝参加那个会议。n. we put the production under a boycott.我们联合抵制该商品。活学巧用10.完成句子（1）他们声明抵制那家商店。they have declared_ that shop.答案：a boycott of/against(2)我们正呼吁大家抵制雇用童工的公司的产品。we are asking people_ that use child labour.答案：to boycott goods from companies11.foresee vt. 预见；预知；预测【典型例句】it is hard to foresee what will happen.很难预知将会发生之事。he foresaw that prices would drop.他预见到物价会下跌。nobody could foresee his running away.没人预见到他的逃跑。【相关链接】foreseeable adj.可预知的in the foreseeable future不久；在短期内活学巧用11.完成句子（1）他预知他的旅程将会受恶劣天气的影响。he_ that his journey_ by bad weather.答案：foresaw；would be delayed(2)无法预知下个月她是否可以康复出院。_whether shell be well enough to come home from hospital next month.答案：its impossible to foresee(3)数月前我们早应预料会有这种麻烦。we_this trouble months ago.答案：should have foreseen12.hatch vt. & vi.孵；孵出；图谋；策划 n.孵化；一窝；结果；门；门口；舱门【典型例句】vt.the eggs are hatched by the heat of the sun.这些卵被太阳的热力所孵化。they hatched up a plot to overthrow the government.他们策划推翻政府。vi.three eggs have already hatched out.三只小鸡已孵出。n.there are twelve chickens in this hatch.这一窝有十二只小鸡。【知识小结】hatch up策划；（尤指）密谋down the hatch干杯活学巧用12.1）完成句子（1）ten chicks_ this morning.（今早有10只小鸡出壳了。）（2）the eggs_.（这些蛋就要孵化了。）答案：（1）hatched(out)(2)are about to hatch2)单项填空have you been_ a deal with her?a.hatched upb.hatching upc.up tod.b and c提示：hatch up“策划，密谋”；be up to“胜任”。答案：d13.salute n.（军队的）行礼；敬礼；礼炮；致意；招呼vt./vi. 向敬礼；向打招呼【典型例句】vt.we salute the flag every day at school.我们在学校每天向国旗行礼。he saluted the historic achievement of the government.他赞扬政府的成就具有历史意义。vi. the soldiers saluted with the hand.士兵们行举手礼。she waved in salute.她挥手致意。n. the officers exchanged salutes.军官们互致敬礼。活学巧用13.完成句子（1）the sergeant stood to attention and_.(中士立正敬礼。)答案：saluted(2)the players_ before leaving the field.(球员在退场前向球迷致意。)答案：saluted the fans(3)he raised his hat_.(他举帽亲切致意。)答案：as a friendly salute(4)they all raised their glasses_.(他们都举杯致意。)答案：in salute14.reject vt. 抛开；丢弃；拒绝；抵制 n. 遭拒绝的东西；次品；废品；落选者【典型例句】vt. the plan was rejected.该计划遭拒绝。the board rejected all our ideas.董事会拒绝了我们的所有想法。all apples with soft spots were rejected.所有带软斑点的苹果都被剔除。the patients body rejected the heart transplant.病人的身体排斥移植的心脏。n.the rejects were stacked in a corner.废品堆在角落里。【相关链接】rejection n.拒绝活学巧用14.单项填空（1）he_ a suggestion that we do sports every day.a.offersb.rejectsc.refusesd.accepts提示：句意为：“他提供了一个建议，我们应该天天做运动。”reject,refuse“拒绝”；accept“接受”。答案：a（2）i_ by all the universities i had applied to by now.a.was rejectedb.rejectedc.have been rejectedd.have rejected提示：句意为：“所有我申请的大学都没有录取我。”本句考查时态与语态。答案：c15.favour n.好意；偏爱；帮助vt.喜爱；支持；有助于；给予；偏爱【典型例句】n.they will look with favour on your proposal.他们将会赞同你的建议。a mother shouldnt show too much favour to one of her children.做母亲的不应过分偏爱某一个孩子。you did me a great favour.你帮了我一个大忙。vt.the weather favoured our voyage.天气对我们的航行有利。she favoured him with a charming smile.她赐给他迷人的一笑。【相关链接】in favour of赞同；支持；看中；选择in sbs favour有利于某人；有助于某人do sb. a favour帮某人一个忙活学巧用15.1）单项填空would you like to do me_ to carry the box?a.a favourb.the favourc.favourd.favour提示：do sb.a favour后跟动词不定式时要把a换成the。答案：b2）完成句子（1）the exchange rate is_ at the moment.(目前汇率对我们有利。)答案：in our favour(2)he argued_ a strike.(他据理力争主张罢工。)答案：in favour of16.reward vt.&n.奖；奖励【典型例句】n.it is unfair that he gets very little in reward for his hard work.他工作很辛苦，报酬却很少，这不公平。a large reward is offered for the capture of the criminals.巨额悬赏捉拿这些罪犯。vt.winners will be rewarded a trip to england.优胜者将获得去英国旅游的奖赏。he will sooner or later be rewarded for his wicked conduct.他的恶行迟早会受到报应。【相关链接】rewarding adj.值得做的in reward作为回报辨析award与rewardreward指某人因干了好事或有益的事而得到“回报”；award指给某人某物。结构不同。award sb. sth.授予某人某物；reward sb.for sth.因奖赏某人；reward sb.with用酬劳某人。16.单项填空（1）he will expect some_ after working so hard.a.awardb.rewardc.presentd.gift提示：句意为：“这般卖力工作过后，他是会得到一些报酬的。”award指给某人某物，present是可数名词，gift是可数名词，放在此处和some不搭配。答案：b（2）he was nominated(提名)for the best actor_.a.awardb.rewardc.prized.a and c提示：句意为：“他获得最佳男演员提名奖。”win/receive/get an award for sth.因某事赢得，获得，奖项。此时award相当于present。答案：d17.realize vt.认识到；领会；实现（希望或目的）；变卖财产【典型例句】i realized what he meant.我明白了他的意思。does he realize his mistake yet?他意识到他的错误了吗？her wish to become a movie star was finally realized.她当电影明星的愿望终于实现了。【相关链接】realize on卖（财产）以得现金；变卖财产realizable adj.可实现的；可出售换现钱的realization n.认识；体会；实现；售卖（财物）活学巧用17.单项填空（1）her wish_ finally.a.has realizedb.has been realizedc.has come trued.b and c提示：句意为：“她的愿望最后终于实现了。”realize与come true都可表示实现，所不同的是realize是及物动词，come true是不及物动词短语。答案：d（2）he realized a profit_ the house.a.tob.forc.ond.with提示：本句句意为：“他变卖房子赚了一笔钱。”变卖财产realizeon。答案：c18.suspect v.猜疑，怀疑，认为有之嫌 adj.可疑的，不可信的【典型例句】the tiger suspected danger and ran away.老虎意识到危险便逃跑了。we suspected their honesty.我们不相信他们是诚实的。the police suspected that bill did it.警察怀疑那件事是比尔干的。i suspect theyll come.我想他们会来的。his motives were suspect with others.他的动机受到其他人的怀疑。【相关链接】be suspect of/to/with怀疑suspect sb. of/to be认为某人有之嫌活学巧用18.1）单项填空they suspect him_murder.a.tob.onc.withd.of提示：句意为：“他们认为他有杀人嫌疑。”suspect sb.of“怀疑某人”。答案：d2）完成句子（1）they suspect him_.(他们怀疑他是凶手。)答案：to be the murderer(2)that is_ ;i dont believe he could have found the answer so easily.（那个结果颇令人怀疑，我不相信他能那么轻易找到答案。）答案：a rather suspect result19.absent adj. 不在的；缺席的；不注意的；茫然的 v. 缺席；不在【典型例句】adj.three members of the class were absent this morning.今天早晨该班有三人缺席。snow is absent in his country.他的国家不下雪。he had an absent look on his face.他脸上露出心不在焉的神色。v.he absented himself from the meeting.他没有参加会议。【相关链接】absent sb.from缺席absentee n.缺席者absence n.缺席，不在absent-minded adj.茫然的，心不在焉的活学巧用19.1）句型转换（1）the decision was made in my absence.the decision was made_ _ _ _ _.答案：while i was not there(2)he is absent from work today.he_ _ _work today.答案：absents himself from2)完成句子（1）he is_in beijing.(他外出去北京了。)答案：absent in(2)i asked him a question but he looked at me in_way and did not answer.(他茫然地看着我。)答案：an absent20.possess vt.占有;拥有（财产等）；具有（品质、才能等）【典型例句】vt.the country possesses rich mineral deposits.这个国家拥有丰富矿藏。though plain-looking,mary is possessed of great intelligence.虽然相貌平平，玛丽却拥有智慧。one main idea possessed her;she must get away from home.她只有一个想法；她一定要离家出走。he was almost possessed by a devil.他几乎着了魔。【知识小结】possess sb.of sth. 使某人占有（或拥有）某物be possessed of 拥有possession n. 所有；拥有；占有in possession of 拥有；占有in the possession of 为所拥有活学巧用20.1）单项填空the family_ a large fortune.a.possessedb.was possessedc.was possessed ofd.a and c提示：本句句意为:“这家拥有一大笔财产。”拥有可以用主动形式possess,也可以用系表结构be possessed of。答案：d2）句型转换he was found in possession of dangerous dr