译林版高二英语选修8学案：Unit3SectionⅢ Word版含解析.doc

unit 3the world of colours and lightpart grammar倒装(一)关于倒装将谓语或谓语的一部分放到主语的前面，这种句式就称之为倒装。倒装又可分为完全倒装和半倒装。将谓语动词完全移到主语之前的称为完全倒装；只将be动词或情态动词以及助动词放到主语之前的称为半倒装或部分倒装。请看下面的例句：the teacher came in.(正常语序)老师进来了。in came the teacher.(完全倒装)老师进来了。we can learn english well only in this way.(正常语序)只有通过这种方法我们才能学好英语。only in this way can we learn english well.(部分倒装)只有用这种方法，我们才能学好英语。(二)哪些情况下要用倒装1在以here，there，up，in，out，away，off等表示方位的副词以及介词短语开头的句子里，主语是名词时，句子要用倒装，以示强调；但主语是代词时，主谓不倒装。如：away flew the birds.鸟儿飞走了。out rushed the children.孩子们冲出去了。there goes the bell.铃声响了。2以only修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句(自身不倒装)位于句首时，常引起倒装。如：only when the war was over in 1949 was he able to go to school.只有1949年战争结束后，他才能去上学。only in a big city was it possible for him to buy a wheelchair.只有在大城市，他才有可能买一辆轮椅。only after i read the text over again did i know its main idea.只有当我再一次读课文后，我才能知道它的主要意思。3在以as引导的让步状语从句中，要强调的部分提到as之前。如：young as he is，he knows a lot about computers.虽然他很小，但他知道许多关于计算机的事情。注意：在as引导的这种倒装的让步状语从句中，被倒装的部分一般分为三种：表语、状语和动词原形。如果表语是不带定语的单数可数名词，前边的a (an)要省去；被倒装的动词原形常与may，might，will，would等词连用，而这些词都要保留在原来的位置上。此外，这个倒装在句首的动词原形不能是连系动词(若是连系动词，倒装的部分是表语)，一般多为不及物动词。再看另外的两个例句：much as i hate him，i will not kill him.虽然我很憎恨他，我却不能杀死他。try as he might，tom could not find a job.尽管他努力了，汤姆却没有找到工作。4表示否定意义的副词(短语)或连词位于句首时，要用倒装。常见的这类词(短语)有：not，never，seldom，rarely，hardly，by no means，at no time，little等。如：little did i know where it would lead me when i took the trip.当我接受这次旅行时，我几乎不知道它会把我带到哪里。by no means shall we understand you.我们决不理解你们。5such表示“这样的人/事”时(系动词往往是be动词)，当such位于句首时，就要用倒装。如：such would be our home in the future.这就是我们未来的家。such was albert einstein，a simple man and the 20th centurys greatest scientist.阿尔伯特爱因斯坦就是这样一个人，一个简单的人，一个20世纪最伟大的科学家。6几个否定关联词组连接的两个并列分句(1)not only.but (also).连接的分句前倒后正。如：not only was the city polluted but (also) the streets were crowed.不仅这座城市被污染了，而且街道也很拥挤。(2)no sooner.than；hardly.when.；scarcely.when (before).等连接的分句前倒后正。如：no sooner had he finished the talk than a man stood up and put forward a question.他的演讲一结束就有一个人站起来提出了一个问题。(3)not until .连接的分句前正后倒。如：not until mr.smith came to china did he know what kind of a country she is.直到史密斯先生来到中国，他才知道中国是一个什么样的国家。not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.直到河里的鱼都死了，村民们才意识到污染是多么严重。(4)neither . nor . 连接的分句前后都倒，并且每个分句一般都是部分倒装。如：neither could theory do without practice，nor could practice do without theory.理论离不开实践，实践也离不开理论。neither does he study hard，nor is he proud of being a student of this university.他既不努力学习，也不因是这所大学的一名学生而骄傲。注意：如果以上所讲的这些否定关联词组连接的不是两个分句，就不用倒装了。如：neither he nor his classmates are right.他和他的同学都不正确。7直接引语的全部或部分在主语之前，且主句的主语是名词时，主句倒装。如：“you are right，”said the teacher.老师说：“你是对的。”注意：如果这种引语中的主语不是名词而是代词，则不用倒装。如：“i wont do it again！”he said.他说：“我不想再做了！”8某些表示祝福、愿望的句子需要倒装。如：long live china!中国万岁！may you succeed!祝你成功！9在以often，always，once，many a time，now and then，every two hours等表示频率的副词(短语)位于句子开头，且表示强调时，采用倒装(若不表示强调也可用自然语序)。如：many a time did the boy go swimming alone.这个男孩不止一次独自去游泳。often did we warn them not to do so.我们经常警告他们不要这样做。often we warned them not to do so.我们经常警告他们不要这样做。10“so(such) .that”结构中，such和so后面的部分提到句首，句子用部分倒装。如：such a nice boy is he that everyone likes him.他是一个很帅气的男孩，大家都喜欢他。11so(neither，nor)可以表示与前面所说情况一样，若前面是肯定句，用“so助(情、系)主语”；若前面是否定句，用“neither或nor助(情、系)主语”；若前面说了两种或两种以上情况用“so it is(was) with.”或“it is(was) the same with.”。.单项填空1 hardly _ the bus stop _ the bus arrived.awe had got to；whenbhad we got to；whencwe had got to；than dhad we got；than2 no sooner _ to bed _ i went to sleep.ahad i gone；when bi had gone；than chad i gone；than di went；when3 little tom is an orphan._，he has to make a living by himself.achild as he is ba child as he iscchild as is he da child though he is4 not only _ this machine，but _ it.acan he run；can he repairbhe can run；can he repairche can run；he can repairdcan he run；he can repair5 seldom _ late _ the office.ahe comes；to bdoes he come；to cdoes he come；of dhe comes；for6 can children swim in this pool?yes.however，at no time _ alone.ashould they swim bshould swim theycshouldnt they swim dthey should swim7_ as he is，he acts like a man.aa child byoungcchild dboth b and c8 only in this way _ progress in your english.ayoubyou be able to makeccan you madedwill you be able to make9 _ he _ it was too late to return home.ano sooner it grew dark than；realizedbhardly had it grown dark then；realizedcit was until dark that；realizeddnot until dark did；realize10 you say he works hard，_ and _.aso do you；so he doesbso does he；so you docso he does；so do you dso he does；you do so11 in the eastern part of new jersey _ a major shipping and manufacturing center.athe city of elizabeth lies therebaround the city of elizabeth liescthere lies the city of elizabethdlies the city of elizabeth12 never before _ such an interesting film.ai saw bsaw ici have seen dhave i seen13_ that she didnt know what to do.aso sad she was bso sad was she cshe sad was so dsad so was she14 there is a dog over there.look，out _.ait ran bruns itcit runs dran it15 why didnt you buy it?_，nor did the color agree with me.anot only didnt it fit mebbecause the price was highcfor i disliked its materialdneither was the price satisfactory16 my mother is strict with me but never punishes me._.aso is my motherbneither does my mothercso is it with my motherdit is the same with my mother17 little _ about the english language.ado i know bi know cam i knowing di am knowing18 not only _ speak english，but also _ speak french.acan he；can he bhe can；he can ccan he；he can dhe can；can he19 so hard _ that _ all the exams.adid he work；has he passedbhe worked；he has passedcworked he；he has passedddid he work；he has passed20 which of the following is right?aout rushed tom. bout did tom rush.cout he rushed. dboth a and c.体验高考1try _ she might，sue couldnt get the door open.aif bwhencsince das2only when he reached the teahouse _ it was the same place hed been in last year.ahe realized bhe did realizecrealized he ddid he realize3its nice.never before _ such a special drink!im glad you like it.ai have had bi hadchave i had dhad i4 he had no sooner finished his speech _ the students started cheering.asince bascwhen dthan5only after they had discussed the matter for several hours _ a decision.athey reached bdid they reachcthey reach ddo they reach答案：.1.b本题考查一个固定结构。hardly.when.表示“一就”。hardly是否定副词位于句首，句子倒装。2c本题考查no sooner.than.“一就”；no sooner位于句首，引起倒装。3aas引导的让步状语从句中，被强调的部分要提到as之前。4dnot only位于句首引起所在分句倒装，but后不倒装。5bseldom位于句首引起部分倒装。另外，come搭配介词to。6aat no time“决不”，位于句首，引起倒装。7das引导让步状语从句时，将强调部分提到最前面，若表语(名词)提前时，冠词去掉。8donly in this way位于句首，用部分倒装。c项can后应接动词原形，所以不正确。9d句意：“直到天黑了他才意识到太晚了需要回家了。”要把not与until一起提前。10c句意：“你说他工作很努力，确实是(表示肯定前一个人所说的话)，并且你也是(表示前一种情况也适应于另一个人)。”11b表示方位的词位于句首时，要用全部倒装。12dnever before位于句首引起部分倒装。13bso.th