高考考点冠词.doc

冠词考点一：不定冠词的用法 不定冠词最大的语法功能是：用在单数名词前表示泛指，表明一类人或物，以区别与它类。1、指人或物的某一类，或某类人或物中的任何一个：His father is a university professor.他父亲是位大学教授。2、表示“一个”“某一”“每一”的概念。A Mr. Green wants to see you.一个格林先生想见你。3、用于一些固定搭配中：a few, a bit, a lot of, in a hurry, at a time, many a, all of a suddenThe Wilsons live in A-shaped house near the coast. It is 17thc century cottage.A. the / B. an; the C. /; the D. an; a 答案：D考点二：定冠词的用法：1、表示前面已提到的人或事物，或双方都知道的人或事物。I got a letter this morning. The letter was written in English.2、用于可数名词单数前面表示“一类”用于形容词或过去分词前使其名词化，表示一类人或事物。the deaf/sick/mute/old/young/beautiful/newthe wounded/oppressed（受压迫者）3、用于世界上独一无二的事物前the earth/moon/universe/sky/atmosphere/sun用于方位名词前或表示时间的词组和习惯用语中in the west/east/north/south on the left/rightin the morning/afternoon/evening in the end4、有后置定语修饰的名词前面。Failure is the mother of success.This is the pen that I promised to lend you.5、乐器名词前 play the piano/violin表数量单位的名词I was paid by the hour.姓氏复数名词前表示一家人或夫妇俩 the Greens年代名词前 in the 1990s6、用于表示发明物的单数名词前The compass was invented in China 4,000 years ago.Who invented the telephone?7、代替所有格代词，指已提到过的人的身体部位或衣着的某部分。hit/knock/strike/pat+sb.+in/on+the+部位catch/grasp/pull/push/take/seize+sb.+by+the+部位be blind/lame/wounded+in+the+部位The policeman caught the thief by the arm.The camel was lame in the left foot.8、在有些国家和民族的形容词前，泛指这个国家和民族全体成员，此类形容词一般以“-sh, -ese, -ch”结尾the Irish the English the Japanese the Swedish用于普通名词构成的专有名词前the Peoples Republic of China the United Statesthe Communist Party of China the United Kingdom9、用以festival组成的节日之前the Mid-autumn Festival the Spring Festival但以day组成的节日前不加冠词National Day Womens Day May DayChildrens Day Christmas Day10、The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.用于形容词最高级和序数词前用于地理名称前及由普通名词构成的专有名词之前，表示国家、党派、组织机构、报刊、条约、朝代、江、河、湖、海、山脉、川、群岛、海峡、海湾、运河、岛屿等，如：the Suez Canal the Red Sea the Peoples Daily the Tang Dynasty the Taiwan Straits the Pacific Ocean the United States但是，与Mount开头的山和一些湖前不加定冠词Mount Tai Lake Baikal11、The elder of the two brothers is my classmate.用于形容词比较级前面，强调或暗含“两者中较或更的一个”12、用于某些习惯用语中on the other hand in the end in the daytime 考点三：零冠词的用法：1、专有名词前通常用零冠词：London is the capital of Great Britain.伦敦是英国的首都。2、表示某一类人或物的复数名词前和表示泛指的物质名词、抽象名词前常不用冠词。Young people enjoy listening to pop songs.Knowledge begins with practice.但是这些词被限定时，要用定冠词；当表示个体事物或“一种、一场、一份”等意义时，前面要加不定冠词。The milk in the bottle has gone bad.Do you want a coffee?3、在单纯的季节、月份、星期、假日、一日三餐前不用冠词。Spring, June, Monday, New Years Day, breakfast如季节等被限定性定语修饰时用定冠词；星期前加不定冠词表示“某一个”；中国民间传统节日前常加定冠词。in the spring of 1992, a Tuesday in September, the Spring FestivalHe came to the north in the winter of 1949.一日三餐前有描绘性形容词等修饰时，加不定冠词。He had a wonderful supper.4、学科名称、语言名词前不用冠词，特指用定冠词。球类、棋类运动的名称前不用冠词。Do you like mathematics?She is fond of playing basketball.5、表示独一无二的称呼、头衔、官职的名词captain, chairman, president在句中作表语、同位语或补足语时，不用冠词。man, mankind表“人类” word表“通知、消息”时，习惯上不用冠词。Man will conquer nature.Word came that I was wanted on the phone.6、一些by引起的短语中名词用零冠词：（1）与by连用的交通工具名称前：by train（乘火车）by car（乘汽车）by plane(乘飞机)（2）与by连用的水陆空名词前：by sea (由海路)by air（通过航空） by river（由水路）（3）与by连用的一些其他名词前：by radio（由无线电） by hand （手工）by force（凭借武力）7、用于一些固定搭配中：ahead of time 提前 at first sight乍一看，in silence 在沉默中 in charge负责 hand in hand 手拉手考点聚焦：考点一：不定冠词的特殊用法1、在某些抽象名词前加不定冠词可使名词具体化，用来表示“一个具体的人或物”。如：a surprise 一个惊喜，a pity一件令人遗憾的事，a success一件成功的事或一个成功的人等。He is a failure as a teacher.作为一名老师，他是个失败者。2、不定冠词可放在某些不可数名词前，表示“一份”“一杯”“一种”“一阵”等含义，如：Do you want a coffee?你要杯茶么？3、序数词表示顺序时往往用定冠词，但是当表示“又一”“再一”时，用不定冠词，如：Though Ive seen it twice, I would like to see the film a third time.4、形容词比较级前可以用不定冠词，后接单数可数名词来进行泛指，表示“一个更”。Most前也可加不定冠词，这时，most表示“非常”。I have never seen a better film. 我从来没看过比这更好的电影。This is a most useful reference book. 这是一本非常有用的参考书。5、当不定冠词与such, what, quite等连用时，用“such/what/quite+a/an+形容词+名词”结构，而当与so, as, how, too连用时，用“so/ as/how/too+形容词+a/an+名词”结构，如：It is such an easy problem that all of us can work it out.这题十分容易，我们都会解。She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.她是位想遇见的女孩。特别提示：rather可放在不定冠词前，也可放在不定冠词之后。如：That is a surprising result.=That is a quite/rather surprising result.那是一个相当惊人的结果。考点二：定冠词的特殊用法：1、定冠词可与比较级连用，表示“两者中较（更）”的含义，其结构常为“the+形容词比较级+of the two”如：She is the taller of the two girls.她是两个女孩中较高的一个。2、用“the+比较级+主语+谓语，the+比较级+主语+谓语”，表示“越越”，有时，结构中的主语和谓语可以省略。The closer you stay to nature, the more you will appreciate her beauty.你越接近大自然，就越能了解它的美。The sooner, the better.越快越好。3、在一些结构中，需要用定冠词。（1）在“动词+sb.+介词+the+部位”结构中部位前用the而且不能省略代替所有格代词，指已提到过的人的身体部位或衣着的某部分。hit/knock/strike/pat+sb.+in/on+the+部位（in多于the face连用）catch/grasp/pull/push/take/seize+sb.+by+the+部位The policeman caught the thief by the arm.（2）用在be blind/lame/wounded+in+the+部位结构中表示“身体某一部位残疾或受伤”。The camel（骆驼）was lame in the left foot.4、在表示“计量单位”的可数名词前往往可以加定冠词，这时，介词常用by, by后的名词可用gallon, ton, yard, hour, day, week, month, year等，意为“按”，常与动词buy, sell, rent, charge等连用，如：He is paid by the month.他按月领工资。特别提示：by weight（按重量）短语中没有定冠词。考点三、零冠词的特殊用法1、有些物质名词和抽象名词前永远用零冠词，即使有形容词，也用零冠词，常见的有：weather, progress, fun, advice, news, information, luck, furniture, wealth, honesty等。另外，man表示“人类”和“word”表示“音讯”时一般不加冠词，如：Please send me word as soon as possible.请你尽快给我来个信。2、下列结构中的名词常用零冠词（1）表示“变成”的turn后作表语的名词：I will never turn a traitor.我绝不会成为叛徒的。（2）独立结构的省略形式中：A girl came in, flower in hand.（3）as和though引导的让步状语从句中，单数可数名词作表语：Child as he was, he had to do his duty to support the family.考点四、有无冠词，意义不同1、不定冠词in word 口头上 in a word 总之have words with争吵 have a word with 谈话of age成年 of a age 同龄with child 怀孕with a child带着孩子，同孩子一道2、定冠词on earth 究竟 on the earth 在地球上go to school上学go to the school 到学校去in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在医院里in front of 在前面 in the front of在前部at table 用餐 at the table 在餐桌旁at school 求学 at the school 在学校in place of 代替 in the place of 在位置上in office 执政 in the office 在办公室in charge of 掌管、控制 in the charge of 在的掌管、控制下out of question 毫无疑问 out of the question 不可能09年高考题：1.（09安徽）We can never expect bluer sky unless we create less polluted world. A. a; a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; the 2.（09北京）The biggest whale is_ blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters longthe height of _ 9-story building. A, the; the B. a; a C. a; the D. the; a3.（09江西）3. Some people fear that _ air pollution may bring about changes in _ weather around the world. A. /; the B. the; / C. an; the D. the; a4.（09海南） Lets go to cinema-thatll take your mind off the problem for whileA. the; the B. the; a C. a; the D. a ; a5.（09陕西）What pity that you couldnt be there to receive prize!A. a; a B. the; a C. a; the D. the; the6.（09四川）In order to find _ better job, he decided to study _ second foreign language. A. the; a B. a; a C. the; the D. a; the 7.（09浙江）I dont understand what the engineer means, but Ive got _ rough idea of _ project plan.A. the; a B. 不填; theC. the; 不填D. a; the8.（09,重庆）Washing machines made by China have won worldwide attention and Haier has become popular name.A. a; theB. /; a C. /; the D. the; a 9.（09,全国,2）What I need is book that contains ABC of oil painting. A. a; 不填 B. the; 不填 C. the; an D. a; the10、(08,全国)Its not good idea to drive for four hours without break.A. a; aB. the; a C. the; the D. a; the11.(08天津11)Most air pollution is caused by the burning of _like coal， gas and oil.A. fuels B. articles C. goods D. products12.(08安徽24)To save some of the human languages before they are forgotten，the students in our school started a discussion“Save Our ”.A. Sky B. Life C. Arts D. Voices13.(08江西30)I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.It is not your fault. With rush-hour traffic and heavy rain， it is no wonder you were late.A. a; a B. the; the C./; / D./; a名词：1. (09安徽31) China has got a good for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization.A. reputation B. influence C. impression D. knowledge2. (09福建29) The World Health Organization gave a warning to the public without any when the virus of H1N1 hit Mexico in April, 2009.A. delay B. effort C. schedule D. consideration3. (09湖北25) Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for _ building.A. respect B. friendship C. reputation D. character4. (09湖北26) In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was a _ for everyone to stand up.A. signal B. chance C. mark D. measure5. (09江西23) The _ shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into _ car.A. girls; Toms B. girls; Toms C. girls; Toms D. girls; Toms 6. (09海南32) Encourage your children to try new things, but try not to them too hard.A. draw B. strike C. rush D. push7. (09山东29)He says that my new car is a _ of money.Dont you think those words are just sour grapes?A. lack B. load C. question D. waste8. (09陕西20) Form their _ on the top of the TV Tower, visitors can have a better view of the city.A. stage B. position C. condition D. situation9. (09天津1) Im trying to break the _ of getting up too late .A. tradition B. convenience C. habit D. Leisure10(09浙江6) The system has been designed to give students quick and easy _ to the digital resources of the library.A. access B. passageC. wayD. approach冠词：1、A.本题考察冠词的用法,因为sky和world原本是独一无二的,但这里前面都有了形容词修饰,表示会出现一个什么样的sky和world,这里就属于泛反指了.2、本题考查冠词。The 表类指，a 此处表泛指。3、【答案】A 考查冠词用法。Air pollution 是抽象名词这里是泛指，weather 这里是特指全球的气候，根据the weather around the world 可知。4、【答案】B。考查冠词的用法go to the cinema 表示具体的某地，for a while 固定搭配，表示“一会儿”。5、【答案】C 考查冠词。第一空所填冠词与上下文构成固定句型what a pity that，用不定冠词a；第二空后名词表示表特指，用定冠词the，选C。6、【答案】B考查冠词的用法。该题的意思是：为了找到一个更好的工作，他决定再