（江苏专用）2021版新高考英语一轮复习 板块2 需要“变形”的名词、数词、形容词和副词 第3讲 构词法教学案 牛津译林版.doc

第3讲构词法 全国卷考情分析题型典题试做命题解读语法填空1. (2019全国卷) when they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting competition(compete)to watch，together with the story behind it.2(2018全国卷)to avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to strengthen (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. running is cheap, easy and its always energetic(energy)3(2018全国卷) a taste for meat is actually (actual) behind the change: an important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.1.给出形容词提示词，填写副词或名词；2给出动词提示词，填写名词或形容词；3给出名词提示词，填写形容词或动词。合成法和转化法单句语法填空1(2019湖北七市联考)flowering in may, peonies large petals and strong colors are linked to prosperity and _ (rich) in traditional chinese culture.richness考查名词。空前and一词决定其前后单词词性相同，and前prosperity(繁荣)是名词，所以空处应该也是名词，形容词rich的名词是richness。2(2019武汉武昌区调研)in fact, it must have a hard struggle to get its _(free) from the cocoon.freedom考查名词。空处前面是形容词性物主代词its，形容词性物主代词后面要接名词，所以填名词freedom。3(2019合肥第一次教学质量检测)senior experts from unesco were amazed at its unique natural scenery, near perfect biological system, and creative _ (combine) of nature and bination考查名词。由前面的形容词creative和后面的of可知，此处应用combine的名词形式。4(2019江西五校第一次联考)the united nations agency reported this week the 12 superbugs are a threat to human _(healthy)health考查名词。介词后跟名词、代词或动词ing形式作宾语。human health意为“人类健康”，作介词to的宾语。5(2019河南豫北名校质量评估)lanzhou beef noodle has a history of 102 years and is known for its _(taste) beef, soup and noodles.tasty考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作定语，修饰名词beef，故应填形容词tasty“美味的，可口的”。(一)合成法合成词是由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词的构词方式(有的合成词中间需加连字符)。合成词的词义可以根据各个组成部分的意思加以推断。构成合成词的几个词可以是词性相同的词也可以是词性不同的词。高中阶段常见的合成形式有：合成名词notebook笔记本；classroom教室；blackboard黑板；teamwork配合；spaceship宇宙飞船；woodcut木刻合成形容词lifelong毕生的；secondhand二手的；manmade人工的；widespread广泛的合成动词underline画底线标出；whitewash粉饰；broadcast广播；download下载(二)转化法不增加任何成分，不改变词形，把一个单词由一种词性转化为另外一种词性的构词法叫转化法。高中阶段常见的转化形式有：名词动词button纽扣button扣上纽扣形容词动词correct正确的correct改正动词名词feed喂养feed一餐，一顿形容词名词native本地的native本地人副词动词up在上面up提高派生法考点一 形容词加ly变为副词的规律单句语法填空1the boy ran quickly(quick)to school.2“whats that？” father shouted angrily(angry)3the little girl is extremely(extreme)eager to know the result of the exam.4your composition is badly(bad)organized.please do your writing exercise more attentively(attend)next time.1一般情况加ly。如：realreally；carefulcarefully；politepolitely；quickquickly2“辅音字母y”结尾的，将y改为ily。如：angryangrily；busybusily；heavyheavily3以ble结尾的，将ble改为bly。如：probableprobably；possiblepossibly4个别单词，去掉e再加ly。如：truetruly5以ic结尾的，加ally。如：basicbasically；energeticenergetically注意有的名词ly形容词，如：friendfriendly；daydaily考点二 动词/名词变形容词的常见后缀单句语法填空1he is rather selfish(self) so that nobody prefers to have a talk with him.2the good working condition in the factory is attractive(attract)3he is reliable(rely) so you can depend on him.4they are nervous(nerve) about their first trip abroad.5the flower is harmful(harm) to our health.后缀例词ableacceptacceptable可接受的comfortcomfortable舒适的fashionfashionable时髦的suitsuitable合适的reasonreasonable有道理的almusicmusical音乐的originoriginal最初的personpersonal个人的；私人的centercentral中央的；中心的naturenatural自然的；天生的fuldoubtdoubtful怀疑的forgetforgetful健忘的harmharmful有害的hopehopeful有希望的peacepeaceful和平的ibleaccessaccessible容易取得的horrorhorrible可怕的；恐怖的terrorterrible可怕的iveactactive积极的；活跃的effecteffective有效的；生效的attractattractive有吸引力的impressimpressive给人深刻印象的ouscontinuecontinuous不断的；持续的anxietyanxious忧虑的cautioncautious十分小心的；谨慎的curiositycurious好奇的humorhumorous幽默的sometiretiresome令人厌倦的troubletroublesome麻烦的ytastetasty美味的；可口的healthhealthy健康的wealthwealthy富裕的；丰富的erneasteastern东方的；向东的ishchildchildish孩子气的foolfoolish愚蠢的；可笑的selfselfish自私的icsciencescientific科学的economyeconomic经济的historyhistoric历史上著名的aryimagineimaginary想象中的考点三 动词变名词的后缀单句语法填空1annan will be remembered for his ability and his warmth(warm)2without hesitation(hesitate)，i decided to follow them and we did have lots of fun that day. 后缀例词alapproveapproval赞成；批准arrivearrival到来；到达survivesurvival幸存proposeproposal提议；建议anceenceappearappearance出现；外貌guideguidance指引；指导performperformance表演；节目existexistence存在；生存preferpreference偏爱referreference参考；查阅iontionationattractattraction吸引competecompetition比赛；竞争inviteinvitation邀请；请柬graduategraduation毕业expectexpectation期待；期望explainexplanation解释(s)siondiscussdiscussion讨论；辩论decidedecision决定admitadmission接纳；准许入学inghearhearing听力；听觉beginbeginning开始mentachieveachievement功绩；成就argueargument辩论；论据treattreatment对待；治疗ureturefailfailure失败；故障departdeparture离开；出发presspressure压力mixmixture混合；混合物yrecoverrecovery恢复；痊愈discoverdiscovery发现其他choosechoice选择varyvariety多样化；种类tendtendency趋向；趋势考点四 形容词变名词的后缀单句语法填空1im doing toms job in his absence(absent)2he has the ability(able)to do the job.后缀例词ageshortshortage不足；短缺cyefficientefficiency效率；功效fluentfluency流利；流畅accurateaccuracy准确性privateprivacy隐私；私密domfreefreedom自由；自在wisewisdom明智；智慧cedifferentdifference差异silentsilence沉默nessweakweakness虚弱；弱点kindkindness仁慈；好意carelesscarelessness粗心大意thgrowgrowth成长；发展strongstrength力气；强项warmwarmth温暖；热情ytyitydifficultdifficulty困难cruelcruelty残酷；残暴safesafety安全disabledisability无能；伤残responsibleresponsibility责任考点五 表示人的后缀单句语法填空1the famous actress(act)is dancing with her fans.2we should respect everyone，even a beggar(beg)3my boss is not here.do you like to speak to one of his assistants(assist)?后缀例词erteachteacher老师villagevillager村民strangestranger陌生人(注：cookcooker炉灶，炉具)arlieliar说谎者eeemployemployee受雇者；雇员interviewinterviewee被面试者traintrainee受训练的人；学员orinventinventor发明家actactor男演员educateeducator教育家；教师essactactress女演员godgoddess女神hosthostess女主人；女主持人esechinachinese中国人japanjapanese日本人namericaamerican美国人australiaaustralian澳洲人ianmusicmusician音乐家historyhistorian历史学家politicspolitician政治家；政客istnovelnovelist小说家specialspecialist专家tourtourist旅行者；观光者antserveservant仆人participateparticipant参加者assistassistant助手；图书管理员考点六 表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀单句语法填空1as they couldnt play outdoors，they were unhappy(happy)，and some even got into fights from time to time.2people on welfare are wrongly seen as lazy or dishonest(honest)3informal(formal) clothes are suitable for wearing at home or in ordinary situations.前/后缀例词前缀disagreedisagree不同意advantagedisadvantage缺点illegalillegal不合法的logicalillogical不合逻辑的impoliteimpolite无礼的patientimpatient不耐烦的informalinformal非正式的convenientinconvenient不方便的irregularirregular不规则的responsibleirresponsible不负责任的misleadmislead误导understandmisunderstand误解nonnonsmoker不吸烟者nonstop直达的unusualunusual不寻常的willingunwilling不愿意的后缀lesshopehopeless绝望的endendless没完没了的考点七 变动词的前缀和后缀单句语法填空1travelling abroad can broaden(broad)our horizons.2the clever boy has the ability to simplify(simple) that dull story.3he eventually realized(real)his ambition to become a scientist.前/后缀例词前缀enableenable使能够largeenlarge扩大richenrich使充实后缀enbroadb