研究数字化变电站技术中英文翻译.doc

/ /研究数字化变电站技术中英文翻译Research on digital substation technology in English translation摘 要:本文主要分析了数字化变电站自动化系统的特征和结构,简要总结了数字化变电站应用存在的问题,并针对它的发展现状进行了分析和研究。Abstract: This paper mainly analyzes the characteristics and structure of digital substation integrated automation system, summarizes the existing problems and application of digital substation, based on the development situation of it is analyzed and studied.关键词:数字化变电站 自动化 发展Keywords: Digital Substation Automation Development1、数字化变电站自动化系统的特征1, the characteristics of digital substation automation system(1)智能化的一次设备。一次设备被检测的信号回路和被控制的操作驱动回路采用微处理器和光电技术设计,简化了常规机电式继电器及控制回路的结构,数字程控器及数字公共信号网络取代传统的导线连接。换言之,变电站二次回路中常规的继电器及其逻辑回路被可编程序代替,常规的强电模拟信号和控制电缆被光电数字和光纤代替。( 1 ) a smart device. A signal circuit device is detected and controlled by microprocessor and operating the drive circuit of photoelectric technology design, simplifies the conventional electromechanical relays and control circuit structure, digital control and digital public signal network to replace the traditional wire connection. In other words, the conventional relay and its logic circuit is programmable instead of substations in the two loop, a conventional electric analog signal and control cables by photoelectric digital and optical fiber instead of.(2)网络化的二次设备。变电站内常规的二次设备,如继电保护装置、防误闭锁装置、测量控制装置、远动装置、故障录波装置、电压无功控制、同期操作装置以及正在发展中的在线状态检测装置等全部基于标准化、模块化的微处理机设计制造,设备之间的连接全部采用高速的网络通信,二次设备不再出现常规功能装置重复的I/O现场接口,通过网络真正实现数据共享、资源其享,常规的功能装置在这里变成了逻辑的功能模块。( 2 ) two times of network. In conventional substation two equipment, such as relay protection device, anti-misoperation locking device, a measurement and control device, remote control device, fault recorder, wattless voltage control, synchronization device and in the development of on-line detection device are all based on the standardized, modular microprocessor design and manufacturing, connecting equipment between all of the network communication speed, two equipment no longer appear regular function device I/O repeated interface, through the network to realize data sharing, resource sharing, function device routine into functional module logic here.(3)自动化的运行管理系统。变电站运行管理自动化系统应包括电力生产运行数据、状态记录统计无纸化;数据信息分层、分流交换自动化;变电站运行发生故障时能即时提供故障分析报告,指出故障原因,提出故障处理意见;系统能自动发出变电站设备检修报告,即常规的变电站设备“定期检修”改变为“状态检修”。( 3 ) operation management system automation. Automatic system of substation operation management should include power plant operation data, state statistical records paperless; data stratification, shunt switching automation; substation operation failure can provide immediate failure analysis report, pointed out that the fault reason, put forward its opinions treatment failure; system can automatically send out inspection report of substation equipment, namely conventional substation equipment regular maintenance changed to state maintenance .2、数字化变电站自动化系统的结构2, the structure of digital substation automation system在变电站自动化领域中智能化电气的发展,特别是智能开关、光电式互感器机电一体化设备的出现,变电站综合自动化技术迈进了数字化的新阶段。在高压和超高压变电站中,保护装置、测控装置、故障录波及其他自动装置的I/O单元,如A/D变换、光隔离器件、控制操作回路等将隔离出来,作为智能一次设备的一部分。反言之,智能化一次设备的数字化传感器、数字化控制回路代替了常规继电保护装置,测控等装置的I/O部分;而中低压变电站则将保护、监控装置小型化、紧凑化,完整地安装在开关柜上,实现了变电站机电一体化设计。数字化变电站自动化系统的结构在物理上可分为两类,即智能化的一次设备和网络化的二次设备。在逻辑结构上可分为3个层次:“过程层”、“间隔层”、“站控层”,各层次内部及层次之间采用高速网络通信。In the substation automation in the field of intelligent electrical development, especially the intelligent switch, photoelectric transducer electromechanical integration equipment, integrated substation automation technology into a digital stage. In HV and EHV substations, protection, measurement and control device, fault recording and other automatic device I/O units, such as A/D transform, optical isolation device, control and operation circuit will be isolated, as a part of the intelligent primary equipment. Conversely, digital sensors, smart equipment digital control loop instead of the conventional relay protection device, I/O parts control device; and the low-voltage substation will protect, miniaturization, monitoring device is compact, fully installed in the switch cabinet, the realization of mechatronic design of substation. Digital substation automation system structure can be divided into two categories in physics, the two device a device and network intelligent. In the logical structure can be divided into 3 levels: process , spacer , the station control layer , using high-speed network communication between the various levels of internal and hierarchy.2.1 过程层功能2.1 process layer function(1)电力运行的实时电气量检测:主要是电流、电压、相位以及谐波分量的检测,其他电气量如有功、无功、电能量可以通过间隔层的设备运算得出。与常规方式相比所不同的是传统的电磁式电流互感器、电压互感器被光电电流互感器、光电电压互感器取代;采集传统模拟量被直接采集数字量所取代,这样做的突出优点是抗干扰性能强,绝缘和抗饱和特性好,装置实现了小型化、紧凑化。(2)运行设备状态参数在线检测与统计:进行状态参数检测的设备主要有变压器、断路器开关、刀闸、母线、电容器、电抗器以及直流电源系统。在线检测的内容主要有温度、压力、密度、绝缘、机械特性以及工作状态等数据。(3)操作控制的执行与驱动:包括变压器分接头调节控制,电容、电抗器投切控制、断路器、隔离开关的分合控制,直流电源充放电控制。( 1 ) real-time electric power operation detection: mainly current, voltage, phase and harmonic detection, other electrical quantities such as active, inactive, electric energy can be obtained through calculation of spacer devices. Compared with the conventional method is different from the traditional electromagnetic current transformer, voltage transformer is optical current transformer, optical voltage transformer replace traditional analog; acquisition is directly collected the digital quantity is replaced, highlight the advantage of this is that strong anti-jamming performance, insulation and saturation characteristics, device realizes small, compact. ( 2 ) online equipment condition parameter detection and Statistics: equipment operation state parameter detection are the main transformer, circuit breaker, switch, bus, capacitors, reactors and DC power system. Online detection is the main content of temperature, pressure, density, dielectric, mechanical properties and working state data. ( 3 ) and the driving operation control execution: including transformer tap adjusting control, capacitor, reactor switching control, circuit breaker, isolating switch on-off control of DC power, the charge and discharge control.2.2 间隔层功能The 2.2 spacer layer function间隔层是进行汇总本间隔过程层实时数据信息、实施对一次设备保护控制功能、实施本间隔操作闭锁功能、实施操作同期及其它控制功能、对数据采集、统计运算及控制命令的发出具有优先级别的控制、承上启下的通信功能等六大功能。The spacer layer is summarized in this interval process real-time data information, the implementation of an equipment protection control function, the implementation of this interval latching function, the implementation of the operation period, and other control functions of data collection, statistical computing and control command issued a communication function with other control priority, connecting the six functions.2.3 站控层功能The 2.3 station control layer function(1)通过两级高速网络汇总全站的实时数据信息,不断刷新实时数据库,按时登陆历史数据库;(2)按既定规约,将有关数据信息送往调度或控制中心;(3)接受调度或控制中心有关控制命令,转间隔层、过程层执行;(4)具有在线可编程的全站操作闭锁控制功能;(5)具有站内当地监控、人机联系功能;(6)具有对间隔层、过程层诸设备的在线维护、在线组态、在线修改参数的功能;(7)具有变电站故障自动分析和操作培训功能。总线通信,问隔层与变电站层之间串行通信方式称为站级总线通信。( 1 ) real-time data information through two levels of high-speed network Summary total station, continue to refresh the real-time database, historical database on time landing; ( 2 ) according to the established conventions, the related data information sent to dispatching control center; ( 3 ) accept scheduling or control center of the control command, turn the spacers, process execution (; 4 ) with on-line programmable station operation locking control function; ( 5 ) with local monitoring station, man-machine communication function; ( 6 ) with the online interlayer, process equipment maintenance, on-line configuration, parameter modify functions; ( 7 ) has a substation fault automatic analysis and operation training function. Bus communication, serial communication between asked bay level and substation layer called the station bus communication.3、数字化变电站应用中存在的问题There are 3 problems in application, digital substation由于光电/电子式互感器本身的结构特点和工作方式,导致互感器的角差、比差现场试验难以进行,甚至极性试验也无法开展,只能等到设备投运带电后,才能检验接线的准确性。另外,光电/电子式互感器的局放试验、伏安特性试验的试验方法和标准也与常规设备有很大的区别,这都需要设备厂家和运行主管单位专门制定。Because the optical / electronic transformer s structure characteristics and working way, resulting in transformer angle difference, difference field test is difficult to carry out, even polarity test can not be carried out, can only wait until the equipment commissioning charged, connection to test accuracy. In addition, test methods and standards of electronic transformer photoelectric / discharge test, voltage-current characteristic test also has the very big difference with the conventional devices, which require equipment manufacturers and operating units in charge of special formulation.数字化变电站保护校验相对复杂,在变电站运行的条件下对部分间隔保护校验的难度很大,目前的常规继电保护校验装置无法提供数字化保护所需的电流量和电压量,因为电流量和电压量必须经过合并器才能进入保护装置,而要完成试验必须自带合并器提供模拟试验中的电流量和电压量,要完成母差保护这类需要大量电流电压量的保护校验便显得尤为困难。Digital substation protection check is relatively complex, in the substation operation conditions on some interval checking protection is very difficult, the conventional verification of relay protection device is unable to provide the amount of current and voltage digital protection required, because the amount of current and voltage must be combined to get to the protection device, and to complete the test must bring their own merger provides current and voltage simulation test, to complete the bus differential protection check this class needs a large number of current and voltage is particularly difficult.IEC61850通信协议本身并未对变电站网络系统的安全性做任何规定,同时协议本身的开放性和标准性给变电站的网络安全带来重大隐患。要做到二次系统信息的保密性、完整性、可用性和确定性,符合二次系统安全防护的要求,是自动化厂家仍需考虑和完善的技术环节。虽然目前已投运的变电站采取了防火墙、分层分区隔离等手段进行防护,但防护的效果仍有待时间的考验。IEC61850 communication protocol does not itself to the network security system for substation to make any provisions, at the same time to the network security of substation major hidden trouble of openness and standardization of the protocol itself. To do two times the system information confidentiality, integrity, availability and deterministic, in line with the two system security protection requirements, is the automation manufacturers still need to consider and perfect technical links. Although the substation has been put into operation to take firewall, hierarchical partition and other means of protection, but the protective effect remains to be the test of time.4、数字化变电站的未来发展4, the future development of digital substation数字化变电站技术的发展将是个长期的过程,需要考虑与目前常规变电站技术的兼容性。(1)过程层常规设备接入方案。过程层常规设备主要指互感器和断路器设备,具体应用就是采取非常规互感器技术和智能断路器技术,或智能断路器控制器技术,常规设备的接人方式主要有3种基本模式:常规互感器和常规断路器;常规互感器和智能断路器;非常规互感器和常规断路器。(2)过程总线方案。在第二阶段中,前面控制和测量数据的分离通信系统将合并到一起,控制和测量数据的合并减少了间隔接线的复杂性,但间隔层IED设备需要两个以太网口分别与过程总线和变电站总线连接。由于传送了来自合并单元的数字化电气量测系统的瞬时值,此种通信方式比第一阶段中的通信方式更快。出于这个原因将使用100 Mbit/s以太网,通过过程总线保护装置的跳闸命令被发送到断路器。(3)过程总线和站总线合并方案。由于第一,第二阶段中过程总线和变电站总线都使用了基于MMS应用层通信堆栈的以太网,和以太网的不断发展,使得变电总线联接构成一个通信网,并且不会影响变电站内部站的通信。Development of digital substation technology will be a long-term process, need to consider and conventional substation technology compatibility. ( 1 ) the process layer of conventional equipment access scheme. Process of conventional equipment mainly refers to the transformer and the circuit breaker, the specific application is to take unconventional transformer technology and intelligent circuit breaker technology, or intelligent circuit breaker controller technology, conventional equipment access way mainly has 3 kinds of basic models: conventional transformer and conventional circuit breaker; routine transformer and intelligent circuit breaker; non conventional instrument transformer and conventional circuit breaker. ( 2 ) the process bus scheme. In the second stage, separation of communication system in front of control and measurement data will be combined together, merger control and measurement data reduces the complexity of interval connection, but the interlayer IED devices require two Ethernet ports which are respectively connected with substation process bus and bus. Because the instantaneous transmission digital electric quantity from the merging unit test system, the communication mode is faster than the first stage of communication. Will use the 100 Mbit/s Ethernet for this reason, through the process of bus protection trip command is sent to the circuit breaker. ( 3 ) for process bus and station bus merging scheme. Since the first, second stage process of bus and substation bus using the MMS application layer communication stack based on Ethernet, continuous development and Ethernet, the substation bus connected to form