新目标英语八年级上册知识点和练习整理.doc

Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?重点短语：Quite a few 相当多 of course当然 feel like感觉像 because of因为 go on vacation度假 visit museum 参观博物馆 go to summer camp 去野营 go to the beach 去海边 go out with sb. 和某人外出 study for tests 为考试学习 stay at home呆在家 go shopping去购物 the top of the hill山顶考点：1. 复合不定代词的用法：1）something，anything，nothing，everything是指物的不定代词。somebody，someone，anybody，anyone，nobody，no one，everybody，everyone是指人的不定代词。somewhere，anywhere，nowhere，everywhere是指地点的不定代词。2） 当形容词修饰不定代词、不定副词时，放于其后。如： something important 3）不定代词、不定副词做主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。 Is everybody here? 大家都到齐了吗？ 4）something，somebody，someone，somewhere用于肯定句及表示请求或建议的疑问句中，而anything，anybody，anyone，anywhere用于否定句、疑问句及条件状语从句中。2. 提建议的句子： What/ how about +doing sth.? 如：What/ How about going shopping? Why dont you + do sth.? 如：Why dont you go shopping? Why not + do sth. ? 如：Why not go shopping? Lets + do sth. 如： Lets go shopping Shall we/ I + do sth.? 如：Shall we/ I go shopping?3. 辨析： get to/reach/arrive 都是“到达“的意思get to+地点=reach+地点= arrive at+地点（小）=arrive in+地点（大）注意：若他们后面要加地点副词here, there, home等，则不需要加介词。4. nothing.but.意为“除.之外； 只有”，如：I have nothing to do but watch TV all day long. 我整天除了看电视什么也没干。 5. feel like 意为：“感受到；摸起来”，后跟宾语从句或名词。如：I felt like I was a bird. 我感觉我是一只鸟。 feel like doing sth.意为“想做某事”。如：I feel like eating.我想吃东西。6. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做;乐意做 enjoy oneself 过得愉快 =have fun/have a good time.7. few与little 的区别： 肯定否定quite a few buildings许多 可数a fewfewnot a little hungryquite a few/not a few不可数a littlelittlequite a little/ not a little8. 1） seem意为“好像；似乎；看来”，是个连系动词，构成的短语有： seem to do sth. 好像做某事 如： They seem to wait for you. seem（to be）+adj. 似乎. 如： He seemed ( to be) ill yesterday. It seems that + 从句 似乎. 如： It seems that he was ill yesterday. 其他表示状态的系动词有：feel(觉得）; keep（保持）;stay（保持）;look（看来像.）；smell（闻起来）；sound（听起来）；taste（尝起来）；. 2） bored (adj)，意为“感到厌倦的、无聊的”,其主语是某人； boring(adj)，意为“令人厌倦的、无聊的”其主语是某物。 如：I got bored with the boring work. 我对这无聊的工作感到厌倦。相类似的词语还有： interested/ excited/ amazed/surprised interesting/ exciting/ amazing/surprising10. decide（v）决定 decide to do sth. - decide not to do sth. decide on doing sth. 决定做某事11.because of + 短语 I had to move because of my job. because +句子 如：I do it because I like it. 12. 形容词/副词enough 如：wet/quietly enough enough enough 名词如：enough umbrellas (形/副)enough+ (名) to do sth. 足够去做如：I have enough money to go to Beijing. 我有足够的钱去北京。 She is not old enough to go to school. 她年龄不够，不能去上学。如此以至于 同义句： She is too young to go to school. (too to :太 而不能)13. such+名短+ that 从句：She is such a popular girl that. so+形/副+that 从句：She is so popular that everyone likes her.14. 反身代词：myself/yourself/itself/herself/himself/ourselves/yourselves/themselves Unit 2 How often do you exercise?重点短语：How often多久 hardly ever从来不 at least至少 junk food垃圾食品 such as比如less than少于 fifteen percent百分之十五 go online上网 be good for对有意more than多于 watch TV看电视 use the Internet使用电脑 go to the dentist看牙医考点：1. -How often do you usually go shopping? Sometimes/Twice a week. 有时候/一周两次.1) go shopping 意为“去购物”。go+ v- ing : 表示进行某项活动。如：go swimming/ shopping/skating/skiing/fishing/climbing/hiking 2)频率副词：always=all the time, usually, often, sometimes=at times , hardly ever, never (1).sometimes: 有时候；sometime：某时；some times：许多次/倍; some time: 一段时间2）how often表示“多久一次”，是对动作的频率进行提问。其回答通常有： 频率副词： always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, neverhow often 次数时间段: 如：once or twice a week every 时间段: every day (每天) 区别：everyday（每天的；日常的）注意：表示“一次或两次”时，一般用once和twice表示。如：once a month(一个月一次)而表示“三次或以上”时，则用“数词times”结构。如：five times a year (一年五次)4）由how构成的疑问词组的用法“多少”（1） howmany+ 可数名词复数 如：how many programshowmuch+不可数名词。 如：how much coffee 但how much=whats the price of.? 还有“多少钱”的意思 如：Howmucharethosepants?(2)how many times: “多少次”. 其答语表示次数。如：once ,twice，three times等(3) how old.? 询问年龄 如：How old are you? I am five.“how long?”(4) 多久(时间) 常用 for two days，for three hours等回答。 多长（某物的长度） 如：-How long is the river? 10 kms. (5)how soon 用来询问过多久，多久以后，其答语是in two hours，in three days等。 如：How soon will he come back？ In an hour。3. “空闲的”：Are you free tonight? 4. at least 至少 at most 最多be free “自由的”： a free country freedom(n) 5. stay up 熬夜（to do sth.） “免费的”： work for free. full6. “满的；饱的” be full of : The bottle is full of water. 瓶子里装满了水。 “忙的”=busy He had a full life 7（1）be good for “对有好处”。 如：Doing exercise is good for our health.（2）be good at doing sth.：“擅长于” 如：He is good at playing football.（3）be good with: “与相处好” 如： The teacher is good with his students.8go online = use the Internet ：上网 9. more than=over “超过” 10. ask sb. to do : 叫做某事 Teacher asked me to clean the classroom. ask sb. not to do sth.: 叫不要做某事 Teacher asked me not to clean the classroom. ask sb. for sth. : 向某人要求 如：ask teacher for help 11. help sb. with sth. 如：They help me with this problem. 他们帮助你解决这个问题。 help sb.（to）do. 如：They help you (to) solve this problem. 他们帮助你解决这个问题。13. (n) 惊讶: to ones surprise 令某人惊讶的是 in surprise 惊讶地 surprise be surprised at sth. 对 感到意外 (v) 使惊奇、意外： be surprised to do sth. 惊讶做某事 be surprised that + 从句 如：I was surprised at the news = I was surprised to hear the news.14. although(conj):“尽管；虽然”，表示转折关系，同义词有though, 不与but同时使用。如： Although theyre neighbors, they dont play together.尽管他们是邻居，但是他们不在一起玩。15. maybe (adv): 也许，大概，放于句首或句中 may + be：也许是，大概是，放于句中 如：Maybe he is at home.= He maybe is at home.= He may be at home. 例如16. such as =like + 名短： 如： such as winning the game. for example + 句子17. You can spend time with your friends and family as you play together.spend 度过（时间） 如：spend the weekend with family 花费（时间、钱） 如：He spent 20 yuan (in) buying the magazine. 同义句：He spent 20 yuan on the magazine. He paid 20 yuan for the magazine. It took him 20 yuan to buy the magazine. The magazine cost him 20 yuan.Unit 3 Im more outgoing than my sister重点短语：care about关心 as long as只要 the same as,和一样 bring outin fact事实上 make sb. Laugh使我笑 be similar to和相似 have fun玩的开心重要考点：同级比较 1 as+adj./adv.(原级)+as : “如同一样” 否定： not as/so+adj./adv.(原级)+as : “不如一样”2. 形容词和副词的比较级（1）大多数形容词和副词有三个等级： 原级、比较级、最高级: good better - best（2）比较级：表示两者(人或物)之间的比较。（3）加more/most 的情况：.部分双音节和多音节词；.-ed/ing结尾的词；adj+lyadv.（4）双写的词：一个大热天，一个胖子和一个瘦子穿着红衣服，汗湿了，很伤心。 big hot fat thin red wet sad（5）主语必须与对比成分保持一致：Her hair is longer than yours.(your hair) （6）比较级and比较级：越来越 e.g. They talked more and more loudly.（7）the比较级, the比较级；越就越The more exercise you do, the stronger youll be.（9）“Which / Who is + 比较级， A or B？” e.g. Which T-shirt is nicer, this one or that one?（10）the+比较级+of the（ two ） : 两者中较的一个；如： Of the twins, she was the more hard-working .（11）比较级前可用“数词+名词” 表示确定的度量。如： I am (5 years) older than himThe room is (3 times) as large as that one.（12）比较级常与much, even, far, than, a little, a bit, a lot 等连用. 3. 讲述： tell a story/lie/joke. tell 告诉 ： tell sb. sth.= tell sth. to sb. ; tell sb. (not) to do sth. 辨别；识别：Can you tell the differences between the twins?4. look like : 看起来像（外貌） She is pretty tall. be like: 像（性格，外貌） He is outgoing/ serious.5. 使显现；使表现出： The dress brings out the color of her skin. bring out 生产；出版： The factory brings out a new kind of car. bring out the best/worst in sb. 激发出某人最好/最差的品质. 6. (n) 小心；谨慎 Take care! 当心/保重 Cross the road with care. care 介意；在乎（=mind） I dont care what happens. care about: 关心；在意 如：He doesnt care about anything people say.care for 关心；照顾 = take care of或look after 喜欢；想要（否或疑） 如：Would you care for a cup of coffee? 7 both：两个都；用在实动之前，其它动词之后 You are both too young. They both speak English.both of .+名词复数 如： Both of the flowers are beautiful. 两朵花都很漂亮。 bothand两者都 反义词组：neithernor两者都不8. (v) 接触；触摸：Dont touch the paint! 请勿触油漆!touch 触动；感动 I was touched/moved by his words. 我被他的话打动了。 (n)接触；联系: keep in /lose touch with sb. 与.保持失去联系get in touch with sb. 与.取得联系10. She made me laugh and feel better. ( laugh at sb. 笑话；取笑某人) make/let /have sb. do sth.= get sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事 make+宾语+形容词: 使某人/某事怎样 如： His words make us happy. 11. Its not easy for me to make friends. (make friends with sb. 与.交朋友) Its+adj.+ for sb.+ to do sth.: 某人做某事怎么样. (It是形式主语，to do sth.是真正主语) Unit 4 Whats the best movie theater?重点短语：So far目前为止 havein common有共同点 all kinds of各种各样的 up to,由决定 play a role起作用 make up编造 for example例如 takeseriously认真对待考点：1. 最高级：表示三者或三者以上(人或物)之间的比较。（1）最高级基本句型结构：主语 + 谓语动词 + the + adj./adv.(最) + of/in 如：Tara is the youngest of all. Linda draws (the) most carefully in her class. 注：(1) 副词的最高级前可省略 “the”： 如：sit (the) most comfortably 坐得最舒适 (2) 最高级前有其它的限定词时，不加“the”： my best friend（2）Which / Who +the + 最高级, A, B or C ? e.g. Which do you like (the) best, apples, pears or oranges?（3）one of +the +最高级（形）+名（复）： “最之一”。e.g. Jack Chen is one of the most famous actors in the world.（4）the + 序数词+最高级（形）+名（单）：e.g. Hainan is the second largest island in China.（5）This is the +最高级（形）+名（单）+ that 从句：e.g. This is the worst movie that I have ever seen. 这是我曾经看过的最糟糕的电影。（6） a+最高级（形）+名（单） : 表示“非常”。e.g. Spring is a best season. 2. 原级、比较级、最高级的相互转换（1）原级与比较级的转换：比较级+than not.as/so.as.e.g. He speaks more loudly than me. I dont speak as/so loudly as he/him.（2）比较级与最高级的转换： the other +名（复） （在范围之内） the+最高级 比较级+than+ any other+名（单）e.g. Jim is the tallest student in our class.Jim is taller than any other student in our class.3. be up to sb.( to decide.) 由某人决定 be up to (doing) sth. 胜任；适合 4. Whats up? = What wrong?= Whats the matter? 怎么哪？ whats more: 另外；还有 whats worse: 更糟糕的是5How do you like the neighbor hood so far? 同义句：（1）How is the neighborhood? （2）What do you think of the neighborhood?6. thanks for (doing) sth. = thank sb. for (doing) sth. 感谢某人做某事7No problem. 1). 不客气（回答感谢） 2）没关系（回答道歉）3) 没问题（回答请求）watch/see/hear/feel/find/notice(注意) + sb. 8 do sth. ( 经常或已发生) doing sth. ( 某次或正在发生) 如：I saw her come into the classroom. (已发生) I saw them playing basketball yesterday. ( 某次或正在发生)10. 全世界： around the world = in the world = all over the world.11. have sth. in common (with sb.): （与某人）在某方面有共同之处。12. Close (v):关闭；封闭 close the door/road. (adj): 近的；接近的 He is close to success. 他快要成功了。 亲密的；密切的 my close friend (adv): 接近；靠近 He sits close to the window. 他坐在窗户旁边。13 play a role in . 在.扮演角色/起作用 如：play an important role in play a role of . 扮演.角色 如：play a role of a reporter 14.make up 伪造；编造 I made up a story as I went along. 我现场编了一个故事。（为）化妆；打扮 The performers are making themselves up.组成；构成 Girls make up 45% of the students. make up for : 弥补；补偿 如：You should do something to make up for your mistake.16.give sb. a way to do sth : 给某人提供一个做. 的方式。come true: （梦想等）实现 17. be talented in: 在.有天赋 She is talented in music. have a talent for (doing) sth. ：有.的天赋 He has a talent for painting.Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show?重点短语：Find out查明 soap opera肥皂剧 action movie动作电影 be ready to准备做某事dress up化妆打扮 take sbs place 代替 do a good job做得好hope to do sth希望做某事 have a discussion讨论 expect to do sth.期待做某事考点：1. plan (n)计划： make a plan to do sth.= plan to do sth. 制定计划做 make a plan for sth. 为制定计划 如: make a plan for your trip. (v) 计划;打算：plan (to do) sth 2. stand 站立：stand up 代表: stand for sth. 容忍（否）: cant stand (doing) sth. 如: I cant stand telling lies.3. - What do you think of soap operas? think of 1). 认为；以为：如: What do you think of sitcoms. 想起；记得：如: I cant think of his name now. 考虑；关心：如: Lei Feng always thought of other people first. think about: 考虑 如: He is thinking about going on vacation .think out: 想出 如: think out a plan think over : 仔细考虑. mind 2). (n) 头脑；想法；心思 (v)注意；留心： 如: Mind your head! 当心别碰头！ 介意；反对（否，疑问，条状）如: Would you mind opening the window? Would /Do you mind (doing) sth.? 你介意。吗？never mind： 没关系（回答道歉: sorry）；别担心（用于安慰对方: I broke the cup.）4. hope (n)希望：如: He never gave up his hope. (1) (v)希望： hope to do sth. ; hope +that从句.I hope so. 我希望如此。 I hope not. 我不希望如此。wish (2) 但愿（虚拟）： wish +that从句. 如: I wish that I were a bird. 希望： wish（sb.） to do sth. 如: Do you really wish me to go? 祝愿：wish +sb.+ adj./n. 如: wish you success; （3） find out ：查明；弄清楚 如: Youd better find out who broke the window. look for ：寻找 如: They looked for it everywhere, but they didnt find it. go on (4) 发生(happen)：Whats going on here? 进展：How did you go on in your study? 你的学习进展得怎么样？ 继续 同一件事：go on doing sth. e.g. It will go on raining all day. 另一件事: go on to do sth. Stop reading. Lets go on to lisetn.5 discussion(n); discuss(v)have a discussion about sth. = discuss (about) sth. 讨论 with sb. = discuss with sb. 与 讨论 6. follow 跟随：如：I followed her up the steps. 我跟着她上了楼梯。 1). 遵循；服从（命令；规则等） 如：Follow my advice. 沿着前进： 如： Follow the road to the bridge. 理解；听清楚(sb) 如： You speak too fast for me to follow. happen 2) . 发生(go on)：What happened to you?= Whats wrong with you? 巧遇/偶然做.：I happened to be out when you called . 7expect 1). 期望；盼望：expect sth/that+从句: I expect the result.expect (sb. )to do sth. I expect (you) to win the game. 预料；认为：I expect that he will come soon. I expect so: 我认为如此 I expect not.= I dont expect so. 我不认为如此 2). learn from ：从中学到 ; learn from ：向学习8. famous be famous for.: 因（技能；特色）出名 有名的；著名的 be famous as.: 因（身份；产地）出名 9. 出来；花开；发芽 ： Its wonderful to watch the stars come out at night. come out (书刊、产品等）上市；发行：His new record（唱片）came out last week. (秘密；真相）传出；大白： The truth will come out sooner or later.10 try 尽力做.: try to do sth. 尝试做.: try doing sth. He tried opening the door, but he failed have a try: 试一试 try on：试穿（衣、鞋等）any 11 无论哪个（肯）： You can ask me any question at any time. 任何一个/一些(条状) ：If you have any problem(s),please tell me. 若干；一些(否、疑问)：Are there any messages for me?4) danger(n)- dangerous(adj)危险的；in danger 处于危险中； out of danger 摆脱危险12. 失去；丢失 such as losing his girlfriend lose /lost 迷失(方向、路) lose the way 输掉(（比赛） lose the game ; lose to sb : 输给某人 13. ready be ready to do sth. 准备/乐于做. ; be ready for sth. 为.做准备 愿意的；准备好的 get ready to do sth./ for sth. (为)准备（做.） 14. dress up: 化妆;打扮 dress up as sb.化妆成某人 be /get dressed (in.)穿.衣 2) take ones place = take the place of sb. : 代替；替换 take place : 发生(happen) Unit 6 Im going to study computer science重点短语： computer programmer计算机程序员 be sure about确信 make sure,确保write down写下 have to do with和有关 take up开始 agree with同意keep on doing sth.,保持做某事 try ones best,尽某人最大努力 at the beginning of在开始考点：1 grow up 长大；成长 grow into. 长成 He has grown into a young man2. Im going to keep on writing stories 我将继续写故事。 保持（状态）： 如： keep healthy. Keep the door open keep 记（日记、账簿） 如： keep a diary 抚养（人）；饲养（动） 如： keep his family; keep a pet. 保留；留下 如： You can keep the book for two days. 持续 keep (sb.)doing sth. (不停)做 如：They kept me talking. keep on doing sth. (间歇后)做 如：