英语人教版八年级下册Unit 8 Section A Grammar focus.ppt

Unit8HaveyoureadTreasureIslandyet SectionAGrammarFocus 现在完成时态presentperfect GrammarFocus 现在完成时 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果 或从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态 结构 主语 have has 动词的过去分词 一般疑问句 have has 主语 动词的过去分词 Yes Ihave No Ihaven t Yes shehas No shehasn t 1 现在完成时动词构成have has v过去分词 助动词 否定 haven thasn t 疑问 Haveyou Hashe 常与下列时间状语连用 just already yet ever never before severaltimes 现在完成时 1 过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 和already never ever just before yet等状语连用 2 过去已经开始 持续到现在的动作或状态 常与for或since引起的一段时间状语连用 动词构成 have has v过去分词 havebreakfast Ihavejusthadmybreakfast 现在我不饿 I mnothungrynow movedherein2004 Istilllivehere Ihavelivedhereforthreeyears Ihavelivedheresince2004 threeyearsago now past 2 现在完成时动词可以表示开始于过去持续到现在 也许还会继续进行下去 的动作或状态 1 IhavestudiedEnglishsincelastyear 我从去年开始学习英语 2 ShehaslivedinBeijingforfiveyears 她住在北京已经五年了 注意 come go leave arrive buy lose receive join die bury和marry等动词所表示的动作是一时的 不能延续的 故不能与for since 等开头的表示一段时间的状语连用 不过 这些词用于否定句则可以与表示持续的时间状语连用 即动作的不发生是可以持续的 不能说 HehascometoBeijingfortwoyears Hehasboughtthatbookforthreeweeks HehasjoinedtheArmyforoneandahalfyears Hisgrandmahasdiedforninemonths Ihavereceivedhisletterforamonth 可以说 HehasbeeninBeijingfortwoyears Hehashadthatbookforthreeweeks Hehasbeeninthearmyforoneandahalfyears Hisgrandmahasbeendeadforninemonths Ihaven treceivedhisletterforalmostamonth 或者说 ItistwoyearssincehecametoBeijing Itisthreeweekssinceheboughtthatbook ItisoneandahalfyearssincehejoinedtheArmy Itisninemonthssincehisgrandmadied 3 现在完成时把过去的动作和现在的结果联系起来 一般过去时只限于表示过去的动作本身 与现在的结果无关 现在完成时与一般过去时在意义上的区别举例如下 Ihavecleanedmyroom Myroomiscleannow 我已经打扫过我的房间了 Icleanedmyroomlastweek Ididitinthepast 我上周打扫了我的房间 FatherhasgonetoAmoy HewenttoAmoyandheisnotherenow 爸爸已经去厦门了 Theyhaveboughtadictionary Theyboughtadictionaryandtheyhaveitnow 他们买了一本字典 注意 现在完成时不能和明确指出时间的状语 如 yesterday last year in1976 twodaysago justnow whenshecamein等 连用 但可以和不明确指出时间的状语 如 already yet ever never sometimes always often before once twice recently lately等 连用 也可以和表示包括现在在内的时间状语 如 today thismorning thisweek thisyear等 连用 1 for 表示一段时间的短语 2 since 表示过去时间点的词语 3 since 表示过去时间的时间状语从句 eg Ihavebeenateacher ayear Hehasbeenatthisschool 1992 Wehavelearned1 000Englishwords wecametothisschool for since since 现在完成时句中常见的时间状语A 表示从过去一直持续到现在 不能是具体的过去时间 ever just already yet e g Haveyou beentoJapan Ihave finishedmyhomework Ihavefinishedmyhomework Ihaven tfinishedmyhomework B just already yet before ever never有此类副词时 常强调动作完成 不强调动作的持续 already 已经 yet 仍然 还 这两个副词常常用于完成时态 其中already常用于肯定句 yet常用于否定句和疑问句中 如 Jimhasalreadyfinishedhiswork Jim已经把他的工作做完了 Motherhasn tcomehomeyet 妈妈还没回来 Haven tyoureadTheCalloftheWildyet 你还没读过 野性的呼唤 吗 Shehasalreadyfinishedherwork 她已经把工作做完了 Ihaven treadthestoryyet 我还没读过这个故事 Haveyoumethimbefore 你从前曾见过他吗 Lilyhasalwaysbeenagoodstudent Lily一直是个好学生 比较 Ihaveseenhimthismorning 我上午看见他了 说话时在上午 Isawhimthismorning 今天上午我遇见了他 说话时可能是下午或者晚上 Ithasbeencoldthiswinter 今天冬天一直很冷 说话时仍是冬天 4 现在完成进行时和现在完成时都可以表示 从过去开始一直持续到现在 这一概念 有时两者可以互相代用 但前者多用于口语 在含义上如着重表示动作的结果时 多用现在完成时 如着重表示动作一直在进行 即动作的延续性时 则多用现在完成进行时 一般不能用于进行时的动词也不能用于现在完成时行时 现在完成时 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果 或从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态 强调的是现在的情况 不能和表示过去的时间状语连用 如 in1990 lastSunday等 一般过去时 一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态 和现在不发生关系 即动作或状态在现在已经结束 它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 have has V过去分词 Ihavewaitedforhimformanytimes 我等他等了好几次了 Ihavebeenwaitingforhimforanhour 我等他等了一小时 Hehasdrunksixcupsofcoffee 他喝了六杯咖啡 Hehasbeendrinkingcoffee 他一直在喝咖啡 改写句子 1 Myfathercamebackfromthebookshopjustnow Myfather just thebookshop 2 HebegantolearnChinesein2001 He Chinesesince2001 3 Thefilmbegantwominutesago Thefilm sincetwominutesago 4 Hehashadthemotorbikefortwoyears It stwoyears he themotorbike He themotorbiketwoyears Twoyears sincehe themotorbike has returned from has learned hasbeenon since bought bought ago haspassed bought 1 A Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink B No thanks just drinksometea 2 A Iheardyoulostyourkey find B No notyet 3 A DoyouknowwhenTomisleaving B already leave 4a Usethewordsinbracketstocompletetheconversations I vejustdrunksometea Haveyoufoundit Hehasalreadyleft A When leave B Thismorning 4 A Isyoursistergoingtothemovieswithustonight B No already seethefilm 5 A Whatdoyourparentsthinkaboutourplan B I not tellthem yet didheleave Shehasalreadyseenthefilm havenottoldthemyet Sally love reading Inthemorning shereadsthenewspaperandintheeveningshereadsbooks She already read morethan100differentbooks Herfavoritekindofbooksissciencefiction Sheisinterestedinscienceandtechnologyandlovestoimagine 4b Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformsofthewordsinbrackets loves hasread whattheworld be likein50years She finish readingabookaboutrobotslastweekand write abookreportaboutitnextweekforherFrenchclass Everytimesheisinthelibrary Sallylooksatthemanybooksshe notread yetandshecan twaittoreadthem willbe finished willwrite hasnotread 4c Completethechartwithinformationaboutyouandafriend A Whatbookshaveyoualreadyread B I vealreadyreadTomSawyerandHarryPotter A Whatdoyouthinkofthem B Well IthinkHarryPotterwasexciting butTomSawyerwasabitboring PairWork 1 I heardofthatstorybefore A don thaveB nothaveC havenotD nottohave2 She sneverbeentothatfactory A issheB wassheC doessheD hasshe3 Haveyoumadedumplings No Ihaven t A justnowB yesterdayC agoD before4 Tom illsincelastnight A wasB isC hasbeenD be5 Howlonghaveyou Nanjing A gonetoB beentoC beeninD wentto C D D C C 一同义句 Exercise 6 HowmanytimeshasJim thatpark Twice A gonetoB beentoC beeninD wentto7 I ve thisdictionaryforhalfayear A boughtB hadC lendedD borrowed8 Shewon tgotothecinemathiseveningbecauseshe thefilmbefore A hasseenB sawC seesD isseeing B B A 1 她成为一名护士已经三年了 2 我五年前就认识李雷了 3 那些相片我已经寄给他了 post 4 我来到这个学校后 他就一直教我 5 我刚丢了我的历史书 Shehasbeenanurseforthreeyears IhaveknownLileisincefiveyearsago Ihavealreadypostedthephotostohim HehastaughtmesinceIcametotheschool Ihavejustlostmyhistorybook 二翻译 1 Iborrowedthelibrarybooktwodaysago I thelibrarybook two