中南大学2012级博士生综合英语考试试卷.docx

A卷English Test Paper for Doctoral CandidatesDecember 23, 2012Part IListening Comprehension (15%)Section AConversationDirections:In this section, you will hear several short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center (on Answer Sheet I).1.A.She has missed too many classes.B.She finds the course very difficult.C.She is hardly able to finish the reading.D.She doesnt like the professor and his lecture.2.A.The woman cannot find the piece of paper.B.The woman will go to see Mr Brown.C.The man has agreed to give the woman a call.D.The man will ask Mr Brown to cal the woman.3.A.She is unable to help the man.B.She offers to collect data for the man.C.She has never lived in that small city.D.She will tell the man her childhood stories.4.A.It is canceled.B.It is delayed.C.It will take off soon.D.It has a technical problem.5.A.Bank accounts closed.B.Money overdrawn.C.Vacation plans.D.Daily expenses.Section BPassageDirections:In this section, you will hear several short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center (on Answer Sheet I).Passage One6.A.Deteriorating memory.B.Insufficient preparation.C.Uncontrollable tension.D.Education background.7.A.She would fail to recall anything.B.She would become absent-minded.C.She would sit down and rest.D.She would copy the answers.8.A.To help students become smarter.B.To help students prepare for tests.C.To help students follow instructions.D.To help students control anxiety.Passage Two9.A.Water could be found in a nearby river.B.The river water could be used for irrigation.C.The water could be saved for future use.D.Villagers could carry the water to the fields.10.A.The job would take several months.B.The villagers had never done the job before.C.The job was too great and costly.D.There wasnt enough labor to do the job.Section CSummaryDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. Then you are asked to write a summary about 60 words on it (on Answer Sheet II).Part IIVocabulary (10%)依据新世纪博士生综合英语1、2、4、5、6单元内容Section ADirections: There are a number of incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet (on Answer Sheet I).11.A speaker who makes more eye contact is perceived as _ and responsible.A.virtualB.confidentC.intrusiveD.innocent12.The book is a(an) _ of tapescripts of some famous speeches.A.imageB.featureC.collectionD.encryption13.The treaty created the European Union, the worlds largest trading _.A.blocB.blockC.bulkD.bond14.The museum _ the different tastes and needs of different people.A.caters forB.results inC.stems fromD.conforms to15.Information considered to be pornographic includes _ explicit materials.A.personallyB.politicallyC.sexuallyD.racially16.Indian women have few _ for relaxation and recreation.A.outletsB.choresC.phasesD.scores17.The assumption is rooted in a Cold War _ or viewpoint.A.perspectiveB.prospectiveC.retrospectiveD.introspective18.Precautionary _ must be taken to prevent wildfires.A.institutionsB.measuresC.gadgetsD.assets19.Technology has _ the sharing, storage and delivery of information.A.facilitatedB.furnishedC.functionedD.fascinated20.The carcinogenic pollutants inhaled are the _ of smoking 20 packs of cigarettes a day.A.equivalentB.formulaC.qualityD.priceSection BDirections: There are a number of sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best suits the underlined part of the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet (on Answer Sheet I).21.Should universities give priority to undergraduate education?A.attach importance toB.make reference toC.pay attention toD.give respect to22.A typical woman in a developed country puts on 22 pounds during pregnancy.A.winsB.gainsC.toleratesD.estimates23.Birmingham, Alabama, was once the most racially segregated city in America.A.intenseB.diverseC.variedD.separated24.The thermostat will gauge the temperature and control the heat.A.measureB.reduceC.adjustD.raise25.Ive been smoking pot for three years, and now it is making me sick.A.marijuanaB.nicotineC.cocaineD.heroin26.In the late 1980s, TB resurged or returned with a vengeance.A.periodicallyB.sporadicallyC.assuredlyD.fiercely27.Just now the little girl was throwing up in the hallway of the school.A.vomitingB.spinningC.leapingD.trolling28.The movable-type printing press is one of the seminal achievements in history.A.controversialB.indispensableC.time-honoredD.groundbreaking29.Given that chimpanzees are endangered, stop using them in biomedical research.A.BecauseB.ThoughC.UnlessD.While30.The potential for falsification of documents has never been greater.A.fabricationB.interceptionC.transactionD.disseminationPart IIICloze (10%)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I.Capital punishment, or the death penalty, is the execution of an offender sentenced to death after conviction by a court of law of a criminal offense. Capital punishment 31 murder and rape was widely 32 in ancient Greece. The Romans also used it for a wide 33 of offenses. It also has been 34 at one time or another by most of the worlds major religions.Death was formerly the penalty for a large number of offenses in England during the 17th and 18th centuries, but 35 was never applied as widely as the law provided. As in other countries, many offenders who 36 capital crimes escaped the death penalty, either because juries or courts would not convict them 37 because they were pardoned, usually on condition that they agreed to banishment; some were sentenced to the 38 punishment of transportation to the then American 39 and later to Australia.From ancient times until well into the 19th century, many societies administered exceptionally 40 forms of capital punishment. In Rome the condemned for parricide (杀父母亲人) 41 drowned in a sealed bag with a dog. Executions in ancient China were carried 42 by many painful methods, such as sawing the condemned in half, flaying him while still 43 , and boiling. By the end of the 20th century many jurisdictions had adopted lethal injection.Historically, executions were public 44 , attended by large crowds, and the mutilated bodies were often displayed 45 they rotted. Public executions were banned in England in 1868, 46 they continued to take place in parts of the United States until the 1930s. In the last half of the 20th century, there was considerable debate 47 whether executions should be 48 on television. Since the mid-1990s public executions have taken place in 49 20 countries, though the practice has been condemned by the United Nations Human Rights Committee as incompatible with human 50 .依据新世纪博士生综合英语Unit 6的话题31.A.withB.forC.onD.against32.A.employedB.proscribedC.aggravatedD.confined33.A.approachB.optionC.boardD.range34.A.eradicatedB.condonedC.sanctionedD.prohibited35.A.thisB.itC.thatD.which36.A.convictedB.conductedC.committedD.concealed37.A.andB.notC.norD.or38.A.harsherB.lesserC.stricterD.tougher39.A.coloniesB.districtsC.statesD.provinces40.A.cruelB.tediousC.disgruntledD.psychedelic41.A.beingB.beenC.areD.were42.A.offB.throughC.outD.forward43.A.liveB.aliveC.livelyD.livable44.A.eventsB.ceremoniesC.movementsD.festivals45.A.whereverB.becauseC.untilD.since46.A.thoughB.stillC.thusD.hence47.A.speakingB.consideringC.talkingD.regarding48.A.publishedB.broadcastC.advertisedD.copied49.A.someB.manyC.severalD.few50.A.dignityB.characterC.behaviorD.habitsPart IVReading Comprehension (25%)Directions:There are five passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I.Passage 1All around us is a world of tiny living things called microbes. They are everywherein the air, in the soil, in the water we drink. They are on our food, hands, clothes, and everything we touch. The dust that settles on the furniture carries them. They are on walls, ceiling, floors. They may be very tinymost of them too small to be seenbut they are constantly doing things all about us. Some of the things they do are very useful. The cheese and bread that we eat have become the foods they are because of the work of microbes. We owe our sauerkraut, pickles, vinegar, sour cream, and favorite kinds of sour milk to microbes. Our earth stays fertile because of the activity of the billions of microbes in the soil.Microbes are responsible, too, for some annoying things that happen every day in your home. If you forget to change the water in a vase of flowers, it begins to smell; microbes are at work. Bread left in a package too long gets moldy. Your clothes may mildew. Your food may spoil. All of these things mean microbes at work.Microbes are also at work when people get sick. In fact, most people think of microbes as something to be destroyed. It is true that certain microbes do cause disease, but they are a very small part of the microbe population. Out of every thirty thousand kinds of microbes, the chances are that just one is harmful and likely to cause disease. Most microbes are harmless. And some microbes themselves produce the most powerful weapons we have yet found to conquer disease. The wonder drugs such as penicillin and streptomycin are products of the activity of microbes.51.According to the passage, microbes are _.A.both dynamic and staticB.both powerful and controllableC.both widespread and confinedD.both detrimental and beneficial52.Owing to the work of microbes, we can eat all of the following EXCEPT _.A.milkB.picklesC.cheeseD.sauerkraut53.It is stated in the passage that _.A.one out of every thirty thousand kinds of microbes turns out to be harmlessB.some microbes produce the most powerful weapons such as penicillinC.microbes are so small that they cannot be seen by naked eyesD.microbes can do annoying things and should be destroyed54.The underlined word mildew in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by _.A.be dampB.wear outC.get moldyD.become smelly55._ is the scientific study mainly concerning microbes.A.BiochemistryB.InsectologyC.BacteriologyD.ZoologyPassage 2Nobody ever went into academic circles to make a fast fortune. Professors, especially those in medical- and technology-related fields, typically earn a fraction of what their colleagues in industry do. But suddenly, big money is starting to flow into the ivory tower, as university administrators wake up to the commercial potential of academic research. And the institutions are wrestling with a whole new set of issues.The profits are impressive: the Association of University Technology Managers surveyed 132 universities and found that they earned a combined $ 576 million from patent royalties in 1998, a number that promises to keep rising dramatically. Schools like Columbia University in New York have aggressively marketed their inventions to corporations, particularly 6 pharmaceutical and high-tech companies.Profits from the sale of patents typically have been divided between the researcher, the department and the university, so many faculty members are delighted. But others find the trend worrisome: is a professor who stands to profit from his or her research as credible as one who doesnt? Will universities provide more support to researchers working in profitable fields than to scholars toiling in more musty areas?Now Columbia pans to go beyond the typical model, free sites listing courses and professors research interests. Instead, it will offer the expertise of its faculty on a new for-profit site which will grow into an independent company. Whether the new site can add to the growing profits from patents remains to be seen, but one thing is clear: It is going to take the best minds on camps to find a new balance between profit and purity.56.Big money flowing into the ivory tower has _.A.brought about news concernsB.yielded fat profits for administratorsC.benefited both the faculty and studentsD.altered the nature of higher education57.The survey found that 132 universities made huge profits by _.A.helping corporations develop high-tech productsB.selling their patents or marketing their inventionsC.conducting research with the industrial sectorD.playing a leading role in academic research58.Some faculty members are worried about _.A.the professors in profitable fieldsB.the credibility of researchersC.the way profits are dividedD.the trend of profit-making59.The underlined word toiling most likely means _.A.struggling aloneB.working hardC.specializingD.exploring60.What is the new plan of Columbia University?A.To find a new balance between profit and purity.B.To offer free courses and research services on line.C.To provide academic resources on a profit-earning basis.D.To run a company by making use of its faculty expertise.Passage 3In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or lesser extent, notions of male superiority are hard to maintain. But if the process goes too far and mans role is regarded as less importantand that has happened in some caseswe are as badly off as before, only in reverse.It is time to reassess the role of the man in the family. We are getting a little tired of Momismbut we dont want to exchange it for a neo-Popism. What we need, rather, is the recognition that bringing up children involves a partnership of equals. There are signs that psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that women should not receive all the creditnor all the blame. We have almost given up saying that a womans place is in the home. We are beginning, however, to analyze a mans place in the home and to insist that he does have a place in it. Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the child.The family is a co-operative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules, because each family needs to work out its own ways for solving its own problems.Excessive authoritarianism has unhappy consequences, whether it wears skirts or trousers, and the ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is pertinent not only to a healthy democracy, but also to healthy family.61.Paragraph 1 suggests that in the family _.A.male superiority should be maintainedB.mens role should be correctly definedC.fathers are badly off as beforeD.husbands are not treated equal62.Some people start to realize that bringing up children _.A.is not just the responsibility of the momB.should be a major job or task of the dadC.entails tiring household tasksD.involves happiness and pains63.Mens place in the family is _ to the healthy growth of the child.A.paramountB.acceptableC.dominantD.relevant64.To run the co-operative enterprise of the family, husband and wife should _.A.avoid conflictsB.lay down rulesC.make joint effortsD.consult specialists65.Equality is beneficial to a healthy family, so is it to a healthy _.A.childB.businessC.nationD.civilizationPassage 4Automation refers to the introduction of electronic control and automatic operation of productive machinery. It reduces the human factors, mental and physical, in production, and is designed to make possible the manufacture of more goods with fewer workers. The development of automation in American industry has been called the “Second Industrial Revolution”.Labors concern over automation arises from uncertainty about the effects on employment, and fears of major changes in jobs. In the main, labor has taken the view that resistance to technical change is unfruitful. Eventually, the result of automation may well be an increase in employment, since it is expected that vast industries will grow up around manufacturing, maintaining, and repairing automation equipment. T