高考英语阅读理解答题技巧.doc

高考备考 阅读理解腾四中 张丽玲一、题型设置1、主旨大意题文章的中心思想、文章段落大意及文章标题的选择2、细节理解题事实的正误、排序、数据计算3、词义猜测题生词意义、熟词生义、替代词4、推理判断题细节推断、预测想象推断和意图、态度推断二、考题体裁1、记叙文（奇闻异事、传说、科幻小说）2、应用文（广告、书信、列车飞机时刻表、产品说明书、海报、新闻等）3、说明文 （自然或社会现象、自然科学或社会科学领域最新研究成果及文化经济现象）。 4、议论文（社会经济科技等热点话题的探讨）三、解题思路1、细节理解题的主要设问方式有：(1)Which of the following statements is TRUE (或NOT true)?以下陈述哪个是正确的（或不正确的）？(2)Which of the questions has not been mentioned (或bee discussed) in the passage? 哪个问题在文章中没有被提到（或被讨论）？(3)What is the reason that？、的原因是什么？(4)What do we know about？ 关于、，我们知道什么？(5)How did the people know the couples problem? 人们是怎样知道这对夫妻的问题的？(6)Why was the bike so important to the couple? 为什么这辆自行车对这对夫妻如此重要？(7)Who can take part in the Curiosity Challenge? 谁能参加the Curiosity Challenge？(8)According to Anderson, before 1970, Americans had little idea about_.根据Anderson，在1970年以前，美国人不了解 。 2、主旨大意题主要的设题方式有：(1)Which of the following best gives the main idea of this newspaper article? 以下哪个最好的给出了这篇报纸文章的中心思想？(2)The best headline for this newspaper article is _.这篇报纸文章最好的标题是_。(3)What is the topic of the text? 这篇文章的主题是什么？(4)The text is mainly about _. 这篇文章主要是关于_。(5)Whats the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph? 在最后一段中，作者想要表达的观点是什么？(6)What would be the best title for the text? 文章最好的标题是什么？(7)What does Paragraph 8 mainly talk about? 第八段主要谈论的是什么？3、词义猜测题主要的设题方式有：(1)The underlined words“took off”in Paragraph 2 mean“_” 第二段中，划线单词“took off”的意思是“_”。(2)What does the underlined word“them”in the last paragraph refer to? 最后一段中，划线单词“them”指的是什么？(3)The underlined sentence in the second paragraph implies that_. 第二段中的划线句子暗示了_。(4)Which of the definitions is closest in meaning to the word “exotic” in the third paragraph? 哪个解释最接近第三段单词“exotic”的意思？(5)The underlined phrase “turn his back on”(Paragraph 6) most probably means _. 划线短语“turn his back on”（第六段）最可能的意思是_。(6)The underlined word“intimidated”in the fourth paragraph probably means “_”第四段划线单词“intimidated”的意思可能是“_”。(7)The underlined word “which” in Paragraph 2 refers to“_” 第二段划线单词“which”指的是“_”。4、推理判断题(1)题干：imply暗示；infer推断出；suggest暗示；indicate表明，暗示；conclude推断出；assume认为，假设(2) 推理判断题主要的设题方式有：It can be inferred/ concluded from the passage (或the last paragraph) that从这篇文章（或最后一段）可以推断出、It can be learned from the passage that从这篇文章可以得知、It implies that这暗示了、What is the authors attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3? 作者对第三段提到的专家的态度是什么？What would the author most likely continue to talk about in the next paragraph(s)? 作者下一段最有可能继续谈论什么？Where would this passage most probably appear?这篇文章最可能出现在哪里？The passage is most likely to be taken from_.这篇文章最有可能选自_。The passage is most likely a part of . 这篇文章最像是 的一部分。Where would you most probably find/ read this passage?你最有可能在哪里发现或读到这篇文章？The text is most likely to be found in a book about . 这篇文章最有可能在一本关于 的书中被发现。(3)答题策略：从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”(不选原文句子）。(4)题型：细节推理判断（推断时间、地点、人物关系）；写作意图推断(to entertain为了使、欢乐，款待/ to persuade为了说服/ to inform readers为了使读者知道/ to introduce为了介绍，导出，引出、)；推测文章的来源或推测读者对象注：一些常见的文章出处：newspaper 报纸上；the Internet网络上；advertisement 广告；owners manual用户手册= product description/ instruction/ explanation产品说明书；magazine杂志；research (paper)研究报告；textbook课本；presentation汇报；report报告（比汇报专业些）；diary日记；story故事；a shortstory collection短篇故事集；travel magazine旅游杂志；bottle of medicine药瓶上；doctors notebook医生手记上；、态度倾向推断：表明作者观点态度的短语和单词赞同 positive adj.肯定的,积极的favorable adj.赞成的, 有利的,良好的 approval n.赞成,正式批准 enthusiasm n.狂热, 热心, 积极性 supportive adj.支持的defensive adj.防守的，为而辩护的否定 negative adj.否定的, 消极的disapproval n.不赞成，不喜欢 objection n.异议 opposition n.反对 critical adj.批评的 criticism n.批评批判 disgust vi.令人厌恶, 令人反感; vt.使作呕 disgusted adj.厌恶的，厌烦的detestation n.憎恶, 厌恶的人, 嫌恶warning adj.警告的，引以为戒的indignation n.愤慨 contempt n.轻视, 轻蔑, 耻辱, 不尊敬 compromising n.妥协, 折衷 v.妥协, 折衷 worried adj.闷闷不乐的,焦虑的怀疑 suspicion n.猜疑, 怀疑 suspicious adj.可疑的, 怀疑的doubt n.& v. 怀疑 doubtful adj.可疑的, 不确的, 疑心的 questionable adj.可疑的，有问题的 puzzling adj.使迷惑的, 使莫明其妙的，令人疑惑不解的客观 (即好的坏的都说，选的可能性极大)objective adj.客观的 impersonal adj.客观的 neutral adj.中立的 impartial adj.公平的, 不偏不倚的 disinterested adj.无私的 unprejudiced adj.没有偏见的 unbiased adj.没有偏见的detached adj.不含个人偏见的主观subjective adj.主观的, 个人的 indifference n.不关心tolerance n.宽容，容忍，忍受 pessimism n.悲观,悲观主义gloomy adj.黑暗的, 阴沉的, 令人沮丧的,阴郁的 optimistic adj.乐观的sensitive adj.有感觉的, 敏感锐的,易受伤害的 scared adj.恐惧的 reserved adj.保留的, 包租的 consent vi.同意, 赞成, 答应n.同意, 赞成, 允诺radical adj.激进的 moderate adj.中等的, 适度的, 适中的v.缓和mild adj.温和的, 温柔的, 淡味的, 轻微的, 适度的ironic adj.说反话的, 讽刺的 confused adj.困惑的, 烦恼的 amazed adj.吃惊的,惊奇的 worried adj.担心的concerned adj.关心的, 有关的apprehensive adj.担忧，担心mixed adj.喜忧参半的 biased adj.有偏见的 indignant adj.愤怒的, 愤慨的积极objective 客观的 concerned 关注的confident adj.自信的, 确信的 interested adj.感兴趣的, 有成见的, 有权益的 optimistic adj.乐观的 positive 正面的impressive adj.给人深刻印象的, 感人的中立/折中 impartial adj.公平的, 不偏不倚的 neutral 中立的impersonal adj.非个人的 factual adj.事实的, 实际的,根据事实的detached 不含个人偏见的一定不选的选项（消极）negative 消极的 indifferent 漠不关心的depressed 消沉的 subjective 主观的 pessimistic 悲观的unconcerned 不关心的 contemptuous adj.轻蔑的, 侮辱的 hostile adj.敌对的, 敌方的 biased 片面的5、理解篇章结构型题目（1）篇章结构题主要的设题方式常有：(1) The author develops the passage mainly by .作者主要是通过 来组织这篇文章的。如：A. providing typical examples(提供典型列子)B. following the natural time order(遵循自然的时间顺序)C. comparing opinions from different fields(对比来自不同领域的观点)D. presenting a cause and analyzing its effects (提出原因并分析它的影响)(2)Which of the following best shows the structure/organization of the passage? 下边哪一个最好的显示了这篇文章的结构或组织？(3) The author develops the passage mainly by _.作者主要通过 来发展这篇文章(4)The first paragraph serves as a(n)_第一段充当一个 。(5)The example of.is given to show/illustrate that_.给出、的例子是为了表明 。(6)How is Paragraph 1 mainly developed? 第一段主要是如何组织安排的？(7)Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?下边哪一个最好的展示了文章的结构？(8) How is the passage organized/ developed? 这篇文章是怎样组织安排的？如：A. Topic(主题)Argument(论述)Explanation(解释)BOp