EM4(完形填空讲座).ppt

TEM4 Cloze Cloze SyllabusandCopingTacticsExercises 大纲要求 1 测试要求 a 能在全面理解所给短文内容的基础上 选择一个最佳答案使短文意思和结构恢复完整 b 考试时间15分钟 2 测试形式 本部分采用多项选择题 在一篇约250个单词 题材熟悉 难度中等的短文中留出20个空白 每个空白为一题 每题有四个选项 填空的词涉及语法和词汇 3 测试目的 测试学生的综合语言知识和技能 解题技巧 完形填空的每一个空格都不是孤立的 它是整个篇章的一部分 与上下文有着明显或微妙的关系 因此在选择时就要考虑到选项与上下文的联系 通常这种联系或关系为考生做出正确选择提供了各种线索 比如语义逻辑 语法框架 词汇搭配及词义的应用和概念 还有些是非语言的一些知识等 一语义线索在完形填空中 某些项的选择可以根据 语义 来决定 即已有的词或句子的语义决定着必须选择某个选项 否则整个文章的语义逻辑就不通 内容就与作者的原意不一致 因此考生在做选择时 不要忽略语义这条重要的线索 例如 Althoughinteriordesignhasexistedsincethebeginningofarchitecture itsdevelopmentintoaspecializedfieldisreallyquiterecent Interiordesignershavebecomeimportantpartlybecauseofthemanyfunctionsthatmightbe 1 inasinglelargebuilding A consistedB containedC composedD comprised 二语法线索语法线索是指所应填入的词与上下文可能发生的语法方面的联系 利用这种联系可推断出正确的选项 例如 Citiescontainthevery 1 aspectofasociety opportunitiesforeducation employment andentertainment Theyalsocontaintheveryworstpartsofsociety A wellB goodC betterD best 三词汇线索有些完形填空要填入的词与上下文其他词有各种联系 文中的词往往在词义上或搭配上决定了所应填入的词 这些词就构成了选择答案时的词汇线索 例如Someofthedifficultiestheyexperiencedwhentheyweretryingto 1 themselvestothenewmediumweretechnical A turnB adaptC alterD modify 根据词汇搭配及语义线索 正确选项为B 因为adaptoneselfto是固定搭配 意为 适应 习惯于 这符合题意 其他三项均有 改变 之意 且不能和oneself搭配 四概念线索在完形填空题的上下文中 有时会出现一些词与空格内需要填的词同指一人或一事物 甚至可以在上下文中找到应填的同一个词 这就是所说的概念线索 五语篇线索有时完形填空的各个选项同为表示一定逻辑关系或承接关系的词或词组 选项同为单词时首先看四个选项是否词性相同 倘若连词 副词混杂 先分析原句成分是否完整 可参考标点符号或其他连词的存在 确定所需的词性后 再判断逻辑题在原文中所涉及的范围 有时只是几个词之间的关系 常出现在完形填空部分的逻辑关系表示方式有连词 副词 语气词及插入语 词组 介词词组 1 因果 注意因与果在句中的相对位置 连词 for since as because forthereasonthat 介词 becauseof dueto owingto thanksto asaresultof butfor inconsequenceof副词 therefore hence forthatreason其他 naturally nodoubt nowonder it snosurprise 2 并列 顺承或递进 and what smore moreover fortunately asexpected3 比较 对比 similarly likewise while whereas onthecontrary incontrastwith tosth bycontrast otherwise4 解释 inotherwords thatistosay thatis tobeexact toputitmildly 5 例证 列举 forinstance takesth forexample considerthecaseofsb tomentionjustafew suchas namely6 时间次序 tobeginwith tostartwith attheverybeginning eventually inthelongrun attheend atthesametime meanwhile simultaneously 序数词7 总结 收尾 tosumup inbrief inshort inaword inconclusion allinall8 转折 让步 however nevertheless nonetheless but yet surprisingly though although despite inspiteof despite anyway though adv 注 表转折和让步的词是各类考试所考频率最高的连接词 六超语言线索在完形填空试题中 有时不是利用以上几种线索便可以决定选项 这时往往需要根据对试题内容的有关背景知识的了解来决定填入的选项 第一轮 对含义明显的词汇 固定搭配或习惯用法 常用句式等纯语言知识问题 可以边读边随时猜测出答案 包括介词的用法 倒装句 虚拟语气等固定的句型或语法 第二轮 针对在通读过程中未能轻易猜测出答案的题目 这类题目的答案 不仅仅取决于对文章局部的理解 而是要在对语篇理解的基础上 利用上下文中字里行间的线索才能猜测出答案 此时 考生首先看清题区的句法关系 辨别句子是简单句 并列句还是主从复合句 并根据语法判断词性 然后根据考生自己的生活常识 背景知识与文章主题猜测该词或短语的语义范围 例如 对于动词 名词 形容词 副词等实义词 应该在语篇基础上判断它们的性质 动态 静态 积极 消极 褒义 贬义等 对形容词和副词还要分辨它们是强还是弱 是修饰数量 质量 长度 面积还是形状 对于连词 更要从上下文中判断它的逻辑意义 表示并列 递进 让步还是转折等 第三轮 集中突破前两轮未能解出的题目 在前两轮的基础上 针对最后难关 直接对照选择项 利用前两轮已填入的选项缩小填空范围 采用排除法 排除不恰当的选项 最后敲定答案 检查核实 从以下几方面对所选答案进行核查 1 所选择的单词或短语是否符合本句内容 使上下文连贯和谐 与全文意义相协调 2 所选择的单词或短语是否符合某种固定搭配 3 所选择的单词或短语是否符合某种句型 时态 语态的特殊要求 如虚拟语气从句中的谓语动词用原形 过去式 过去完成式 4 所选词本身或附近的词有无特殊要求 如有些动词后面只接动名词而不能接不定式 必要时对个别答案仍需推敲 发现不妥 要重新考虑 但应慎重 无绝对把握 仍应相信第一感觉 常见题型 1 近义词 25 2 近形词 10 3 非近义同类词 20 4 语篇分析题 15 5 介词题 5 6 搭配题 20 7 修辞题 5 详见 最新英语专业四级考试指南 P 77 82 BACK PARTIIICLOZE 15MIN Decidewhichofthechoicesgivenbelowwouldbestcompletethepassageifinsertedinthecorrespondingblanks Markthebestchoiceforeachblankonyouranswersheet Exercises IntheMiddle 1 Peopleateanddrankatinnscalledauberges whichwerebeginningtobebuilt 2 theroads atpublichousescalledtaverns andatcabaretsinthetowns Atfirst tavernswereallowedtoservenothing 3 drinks Latertheywereallowedto 4 foodssuchasappetizer whichtheyboughtfromdelicatessensoutside likeacharcuterieorrotisserie buttheywere 5 toemploychefsinordertoserveprepareddishes Undertheinfluenceofcabarets 6 whichwereallowedtoservemeals taverns too graduallycametoserve 7 meals andthedifferencesbetweenthem 8 1 A TimesB AgesC PeriodsD Era2 A onB alongC inD at3 A butB onlyC justD besides4 A serveB serviceC provideD offer5 A allowedB forbidC deniedD forbidden6 AaswellasB butC howeverD furthermore7 A considerateB substantialC concreteD staple8 A appearedB camebyCdisappearedD zoomedin B B A A D C B C Passage1 InthemiddleoftheeighteenthcenturyaParisiantavernkeepernamedBoulangerdecidedtoselladishofsheep sfeet 9 trotters inawhitesauceinhiseating house Theadvertisementforthedish 10 Walkup everybodywhohasaweakstomach I ll 11 you TheFrenchwordfor restore isrestaurer Thisnourishingdishgraduallybecameassociated 12 thewordrestorante meaning restorativefood andeventuallytheplacewhereitwaseatencametobecalleda 13 9 A andB butC orD yet10 A readsB isreadC wasreadD read11 A helpB needC restoreD keep12 A inB ofC withD for13 A restaurantB storeC restoreD tavern C D C C A 14 therestaurantasweknowwasborninthelateeighteenthcentury ThefirstonewastheGrandeTaverndeLondres openedbyAntonieBeauvilliers It 15 alltheconditionsforafirst classrestaurantas 16 byBrillat Savarin Thatis itprovidedeveryluxury 17 choicewines attractivedinnerware tidywaiters and 18 smoothservice 19 thesefinerestaurantevolvedandprospered servicehasdevelopedtoafine 20 14 A ThereforeB ThereofC TherebyD However15 A completedB fulfilledC finishedD carriedout16 A definedB confinedC refinedD profiled17 A imaginedB imaginableC imaginativeD imaging18 A faultedB faultfulC faultilyD faultless19 A ForB WithC AsD Since20 A artB workC partD learning D B A B D C A Nootherpeopleintheworldhavemoreinfluenceonus 1 ourparents Whetherwelikeitornot whetheryouareaparentyourselftodayornot thetruthisthatthereareno 2 parents Parentsdo 3 bestthattheycanwithwhatthey vegot Aschildrenwelook 4 ourparentsforapproval fordirection forlove foraffection andforsecurity 5 ourfamilieswererichorpoor smallorlarge functionalordysfunctional ourparentstriedtoshowushowweshouldliveourlives As 6 wehavetheopportunitytoquestionsomeofthebeliefs 7 onusandresolveanyleftoverangerandhurt 1 A butB thanC onlyD just2 A goodB perfectC badD evil3 A theirB hisC aD the4 A inB forC toD at5 A WhetherB HoweverC EitherD Weather6 A grown upB matureC professionalsD adults7 A impactedB impartedC exposedD unfolded Passage2 B B D C A D B Itisuptousto 8 ourselvesofthisexcessbaggageifwearetoenjoythejourneyoflifetoits 9 Therearenouniversitiesthatofferdegreesin 10 Youlearnitintheschooloflife Ifwetreatourchildrenwithlove kindness andunderstanding 11 themtoexploreandnourishtheircuriosity weprovidethem 12 unlimitedpotentialgrowthandenrichment 8 A wipeB freeC ridD clear9 A fullestB highestC widestD deepest10 A parentsB tobeparentsC parentingD beingparenting11 A allowB allowingC toallowD andallowing12 A inB withC withoutD off C A C B B 13 totermswithourparentsisessentialtocomingtotermswithourselves withourinner 14 thatinstillstheconfidenceandpeaceofmindtowakeupeachdayandfacetheworldwithjoyandpurpose Youareprobablymore 15 ofyourselfthanyourparentseverwerewhenyouthinkaboutit Maybeyourparentssaid 16 thingsnowandthen Doyoufindyourselfthinkingthatyouarelessthan 17 thatyouareafailureandwillnever 18 somethingofyourselfandhavethelifeyousodesire 13 A WhencomingB ComingC ComesD Itcomes14 A soundB mustC lifeD voice15 A criticalB crucialC criticizedD critic16 A harmfulB woundedC hurtfulD injured17 A ableB adequateC effectiveD competent18 A makeB showC doD let B D A C D A Let 19 ofbeingsocrueltoyourself Letgooftheparentalvoicewithinandlistentothepositive confidentpartofyou Invitethelovingyoutocomeout to 20 tothebeautyadpotentialthatawaityou 19 A comeB goC runD be20 AsurrenderB surroundC giveD come B A Aparadoxisanapparent 1 thatisneverthelesssomehowtrue Itmaybe 2 asituationorastatement Aesop staleofthetraveler 3 aparadoxicalsituation Asa 4 ofspeech paradoxisastatement WhenAlexanderPopewrotethataliterarycriticofhistimewould damnwithfaintpraise hewasusinga 5 paradox forhowcanamanbedamnedbypraising 1 A conflictB contradictionC similarityD difference2 A eitherB neitherC whetherD not3 A statesB tellsC illustratesD represents4 A wayB flavorC styleD figure5 A verbalB literalC saidD spoken Passage3 B A C D A Whenweunderstandalltheconditionsandcircumstancesinvolved 6 aparadox wefindthat 7 atfirstseemedimpossibilitieswasactuallyentirelyplausibleandnotstrange 8 Theparadoxofthecoldhandsandhotporridgeisnotstrangeto 9 whoknowsthatastreamofairdirecteduponanobjectofdifferenttemperaturewill 10 bringthatobjectclosertoitsown 11 andPope sparadoxisnotstrangewhenwerealizethatdamnisbeingused 12 6 A atB onC inD from7 A B itC whetherD what8 A atallB atlastC atleastD inshort9 A thoseB anyoneC anypeopleD them10 A intendtoB careforC tendtoD watchover11 A heatB temperatureC weatherD degree12 A literallyB orallyC figurativelyD plainly C D A B C B C andthatPopemeansonlythata 13 reservedpraisemaydamage 14 authorwiththepublicalmostasmuchas 15 criticism Inaparadoxicalstatementthecontradictionusuallystems 16 oneofthewordsbeingusedfigurativelyor 17 morethanonesense Thevalueofparadoxisits 18 value Itsseeming 19 startlesthereaderintoattentionand bythefactofitsapparentabsurdity underscoresthe 20 ofwhatisbeingsaid 13 A muchB soC suchD too14 A theB aC anD such15 A adverseB complimentaryC favorableD friendly16 A toB fromC outD in17 A fromB withC forD in18 AtremblingB differ