高中名词性从句复习精讲及练习

1 名词性从句名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 它在复合句中能担任主语 宾语 表语 同位语 介词宾语等 因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能 名词从句又可 分别称为主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句和同位语从句 引导名词性从句的连接 词可分为三类 连接词 that whether if 连接代词 what whatever who whoever whom whose which 连接副词 when where how why 辨别下列名词性从句的类别 1 How the book will sell depends on its author 2 John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday 3 The fact is that he has not been seen recently 4 The fact that he has not been seen recently surprised everyone in his office 5 He will talk to us about what he saw in U S 6 It is impossible that I go and attend the meeting 一 主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句 通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式 主语 it 代替 而本身放在句子末尾 1 that 引导主语从句时 常用 it 作形式主语的常见句型 1 It be 形容词 necessary right likely unlikely wrong important certain 等 that 从 句 你们都通过了驾考真是太棒了 2 It be 名词 短语 a pity a shame a surprise 等 that 从句 你错过了这么精彩的演讲真遗憾 3 It be 过去分词 said told reported decided 等 that 从句 据建议实验楼将于明年修建 4 It 不及物动词 seems appears happens occurs 等 that 从句 好像他们犯了同样的错误 2 what 与 that 在引导主语从句时的区别 2 that 在名词性从句不作成分 无意义 但不能省略 而 what 引导主语从句时在 句时在从句中充当句子成分 如主语 宾语 表语 例如 a What you said yesterday is right b That she is still alive is amazing 翻译 1 他会来是肯定的 2 哪个队会赢得比赛与我无关 3 使我最吃惊的是看见一个人在那里吸烟 二 宾语从句 宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句 通常放在主句谓语动词 及 物动词 或介词之后 即动宾 介宾 1 that 引导宾语从句 在句子不作成分 无意义 可以省略 他说他已经读完这部小说 He said that he had finished reading this novel 她对我说她会接受我的邀请 She told me that she would accept my invitation 注 并列第二个以上的宾语从句 第二个开始的 that 不能省略 He said that he had finished reading this novel and that he would borrow another one 常用 it 作形式宾语 6123 结构 6 个动词 find feel consider think make believe 1 个 it 2 个 形 容词 名词 3 结构 to do doing that 从句 I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day I consider it possible that he is ill that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语 anxious aware certain confident convinced determined glad proud surprised worried sorry thankful ashamed disappointed annoyed pleased hurt satisfied content 等 也可以将此类词后的 that 从句的看作原因状语从句 Mother was very pleased that her daughter had passed the exam I am afraid that I ve made a mistake 2 由 wh 引导的宾语从句 你知道冬天为什么比夏天冷吗 3 他不能说出他家在哪 我们完全理解他所说的 注 whether 和 if 引导名词性从句的区别 1 if 只能引导及物动词后面的宾语从句 不与 or not 连用 译为 是否 2 whether 引导介词和动词后面的宾语从句 还可以引导其他名词性从句 后面 可以跟 or not 可以跟不定式连用 We don t know whether or not she was ready I m interested in whether you have finished the work The question is whether the work is worth doing 三 表语从句 表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句 放在系动词之后 一般结构是 主语 连系动词 表语从句 可以接表语从句的连系动词有 be look remain seem 等 引导表语从句的 that 不可省略 另外 常用的还有 the reason is that 和 It is because 当主语是 the reason 时 不能用 because 引导要用 that 等结构 例如 1 The question is we can make good preparation in such a short time 2 This is we can t get the support of the people 3 But the fact remains we are behind the other classes 4 The reason he is late for school is he missed the early bus 四 同位语从句 同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句 1 功能 对名词进一步解释 说明名词的具体内容 一般由 that 引导 这些名词 常见的有 fact news hope truth suggestion thought order problem belief doubt 等 The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general 2 位置 有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面 而是被别的词隔开 He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off 3 同位语从句与定语从句的区别 1 定语从句中 that 代替先行词 在从句中作某个成分 主语或宾语 而同位语 4 从句中 that 是连词 只起连接主句与从句的作用 不充当句中任何成分 e g The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year 第一个 that 引导的 从句是定语从句 that 在从句中作宾语 The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him 同位语从句 that 在句中不作 任何成分 五 疑问词 ever 引导的名词性从句 1 Wh ever 引导名词性从句 有词义 并在句子作成分 breaks the law should be punished he goes makes his parents worry 2 Wh ever 还可以引导让步状语从句 可以替换成 no matter wh 但 no matter wh 只能引导让步 不能引导名词性从句 Whatever No matter what you do you must do it well 3 what 和 whatever I m always ready to do whatever the Party demands whatever anything that 任何事情 东西 I have tried my best to do what I can to help him what 具体的事情 东西 who 和 whoever I want to know who broke the window who 暗含疑问的意思 Whoever comes here will receive a gift whoever anyone those who 练习 1 will be chosen as the best singer has not been decided 2 I persuaded my parents we should go to Italy for a holiday rather than Scotland 3 Up to now I haven t got any idea we should go on with the project 4 He has heart disease That is he has been smoking too much 5 I want to tell you is I ve made a decision that I will give up the 5 job 6 At the evening party the host said was able to solve the riddle 谜语 could get a nice present as a reward 7 makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer 8 was most important to her she told me was her family 9 I ve been thinking about we can make the newspaper more interesting 10 It doesn t matter you turn right or left at the crossing both roads lead to the park 11 they have won the game made us excited A B That C What D Where 12 I accept the gift or refuse it is none of your business A If B Whether C Even if D When 13 he says in his report is a very interesting question A Which B How C What D That 14 certain that his invention will lead to the development of production A That is B This is C It is D It has 15 is unknown to us all A Where did she put it B Where she put it C That where she put it D In which she put it 16 It is announced that big prizes will go to finishes the assignment on time A whom B who C whomever D whoever 17 all the inventions have in common is they have succeeded A What what B That that C what that D That what 18 It is Tom often breaks the school rules makes his teacher unsatisfied with him A what that B that what C that that D which that 19 Mr Black is a motivator 6 Yes he always makes his students interested in topic they are discussing A whatever B no matter what C what D which 20 I m afraid he s more of a talker than a doer which is he never finishes anything A that B when C why D where Fill in the blanks with the right form 1 On her next birthday Ann be married for twenty years 2 All visitors to this village treat with kindness 3 That piece of music sounds quite familiar Who play the piano upstairs 4 In 1492 Columbus land on one of the Bahama islands but he mistook it for an island off India 5 By the time Jack returned home from England his son graduate from college 6 This is the second time that I visit your hometown 7 It has been three years since I join the Party 8 It is the most instructive lecture that I attend since I came to this school 9 At seven tomorrow morning I sleep at home 10 More expressways build