现在完成时讲解

现现在在完完成成时时讲讲解解 一 基基本本结结构构 助助动动词词 have has 过过去去分分词词 done 二 句句型型 肯肯定定句句 主主语语 have has 过过去去分分词词 其其他他 否定句 主语 have has not 过去分词 其他 一般疑问句 Have Has 主语 过去分词 其他 简略答语简略答语 Yes 主语主语 have has 肯定肯定 No 主语主语 haven t hasn t 否定否定 三三 用用法法 1 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 I have spent all of my money so far 含含义义是是 现现在在我我没没有有钱钱花花了了 Guo zijun has just already come 含含义义 郭郭子子君君现现在在在在这这儿儿 My father has gone to work 含含义义是是 我我爸爸爸爸现现在在不不在在这这儿儿 2 现现在在完完成成时时可可以以用用来来表表示示发发生生在在过过去去某某一一时时刻刻的的 持持续续到到现现在在的的动动作作 用用 行行为为动动词词表表示示 或或状状态态 be 动动词词表表示示 常常与与 for 时时间间段段 since 时时间间点点或或过过去去 时时的的句句子子 连连用用 for 时时段段 since 过过去去一一个个时时间间点点 译译为为 自自从从 以以来来 since 时时段段 ago since 从从句句 过过去去时时 It is 时时段段 since 从从句句 过过去去时时 Mary has been ill for three days I have lived here since 1998 四四 has gone to has been to has been in 的的区区别别 Have Has gone to 去去了了 现现在在不不在在说说话话现现场场 Where is your father He has gone to Shanghai Have Has been to 去去过过 已已不不在在去去过过的的地地方方 My father has been to Shanghai Have has been in 呆呆了了多多久久 还还在在所所呆呆的的地地方方 My father has been in Shanghai for two months since two months ago 五 现在完成时的标志五 现在完成时的标志 1 现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响 用以下四大标志词可以表用以下四大标志词可以表 达这种含义达这种含义 以以 already just 和和 yet 为标志为标志 He has already got her help 他已得到她的帮助 他已得到她的帮助 He has just seen the film 他刚刚看过这场电影 他刚刚看过这场电影 He hasn t come back yet 他还没有回来 他还没有回来 1 already 表示 已经 的意思 主要用在肯定的陈述句中 通常与动词的完成时 或进行时连用 Our visitors have come already 来宾已到 already 也可用在疑问句中 常暗示说话人的 惊奇 意外 如 Have you already had breakfast 难道你吃过早饭了 2 just 表 刚才 方才 一般用于肯定句中 They ve just arrived 他们刚刚到达 I ve just arrived by train she said 我刚乘火车到这里 她说道 3 yet 既可作于否定句 疑问句中 也可用于肯定句中 但表达的意思不尽相同 用于否定句 表 还 尚 At two o clock they had not yet decided whether to go or not 两点钟时他们尚未决定是去还是不去 用于疑问句 表 已经 Is everything ready yet 一切都准备好吗 用于肯定句 表 仍然 还得 He is yet a child 以以 ever 和和 never 为标志为标志 This is the best film I have ever seen 这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影 这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影 He has never been to Beijing 他从没有到过北京 他从没有到过北京 一 never 的用法 1 never 主要与肯定动词连用而不与否定动词连用 一般情况下它意为 从未有 过 Has he never been to Japan I m surprised because his wife is Japanese 他从没去过日本吗 我感到很惊讶 因为他妻子是日本人 2 ever 表 曾 曾经 疑问句或肯定句 Have you ever been there 你曾到过那里吗 Have you ever been to London 你曾到过伦敦吗 It is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen 那是我看见过的最丑陋的人面像之一 以动作发生的次数为标志以动作发生的次数为标志 He says he has been to the USA three times 他说他已经去过美国三次了 他说他已经去过美国三次了 以以 so far 到目前为止 为标 到目前为止 为标 before He has got to Beijing so far 到目前为止他已到了北京 到目前为止他已到了北京 She has passed the exam so far 到目前为止她已经通过了考试 到目前为止她已经通过了考试 2 过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在 甚至有可能继续延续下去甚至有可能继续延续下去 我们可以从动作我们可以从动作 延续延续 的特性和的特性和 时间时间 点段的区分入手点段的区分入手 进一步学习现在完成时 进一步学习现在完成时 for 时时段段 since 过过去去一一个个时时间间点点 过过去去 从从句句 为为标标志志 Since 和和 for 的用法的用法 表示过去已经开始持续到现在的动作或状态常用的时间状语有 for since how long so far these days 等 Since 时间点 for 一段时间 此划线部分用 how long 提问 1 since 短语或从句表示过去的动作延续至今 短语或从句表示过去的动作延续至今 since 之后的时间为一点 之后的时间为一点 如 Mr Smith has worked here since 1984 1984 年以来 史密斯先生一直在这工作 He s learned about 5 000 English words since he went to college 他上大学以来大约学了五 千个英语单词 2 for 短语表示动作延续多长时间 短语表示动作延续多长时间 for 的宾语为时间段 的宾语为时间段 如 We have known each other for twenty years 我们认识有二十年了 I haven t seen her for a long time 我好久没有见到她了 注注意意 1 现现在在完完成成时时不不能能单单独独与与过过去去的的时时间间状状语语连连用用 如如 yesterday last week thr ee years ago 等等 2 不不能能与与 when 连连用用 2 现现在在完完成成时时往往往往同同表表示示不不确确定定的的过过去去时时间间状状 语语连连用用 六 过去分词六 过去分词 1 规规则则动动词词 规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相 同 四点变化规则 1 一般动词 在词尾直接加 ed work worked worked visit visited visited 2 以 e 结尾的动词 只在词尾加 d live lived lived 3 以 辅音字母 y 结尾的动词 将 y 变为 i 再加 ed study studied studied cry cried cried 4 重读闭音节结尾 末尾只有一个辅音字母 先双写该辅音字母 再加 ed stop stopped stopped drop dropped dropped 2 不不规规则则动动词词 AAA 型 原形型 原形 原形原形 原形 原形 原形原形过去式过去式过去分词过去分词汉语意思汉语意思 readreadread读 cutcutcut切 割 letletlet让 putputput放 costcostcost花费 值 hithithit撞 击 setsetset安排 安置 hurthurthurt使 伤痛 二 二 ABA型 原形型 原形 过去式过去式 原形 原形 原形原形过去式过去式过去分词过去分词汉语意思汉语意思 becomebecamebecome成为 comecamecome来 runranrun跑 三 三 ABC 型型 1 ow ew a own 原形原形过去式过去式过去分词过去分词汉语意思汉语意思 blowblewblown吹 drawdrewdrawn画 growgrewgrown生长 knowknewknown 知道 flyflewflown飞 2 i a u 原形原形过去式过去式过去分词过去分词汉语意思汉语意思 beginbeganbegun开始 drinkdrankdrunk喝 singsangsung唱 swimswamswum游泳 ringrangrung打电话 3 原形原形 过去式过去式 过去式过去式 e n 原形原形过去式过去式过去分词过去分词汉语意思汉语意思 wearworeworn穿 forgetforgotforgotten忘记 speakspokespoken说 freezefrozefrozen冻 choosechosechosen选择 4 原形原形 过去式过去式 原形原形 e n 原形原形过去式过去式过去分词过去分词汉语意思汉语意思 eatateeaten吃 forbidforbadeforbidden禁止 givegavegiven给 rideroderidden骑 seesawseen看见 writewrotewritten写 fallfellfallen落下 5 无规律无规律 原形原形过去式过去式过去分词过去分词汉语意思汉语意思 am iswasbeen是 arewerebeen是 dodiddone做 gowentgone走 taketooktaken拿 四 四 ABB 型型 1 原形原形 ought ought 原形原形过去式过去式过去分词过去分词汉语意思汉语意思 bringbroughtbrought带来 buyboughtbought买 fightfoughtfought打架 thinkthoughtthought思考 2 原形原形 aught aught 原形原形过去式过去式过去分词过去分词汉语意思汉语意思 catchcaughtcaught捉 抓 teachtaughttaught教 3 变其中一个元音字母变其中一个元音字母 原形原形过去式过去式过去分词过去分词汉语意思汉语意思 feedfedfed喂 meetmetmet遇见 get gotgot得到 holdheldheld拥有 babysitbabysatbabysat临时照看 sitsatsat坐 winwonwon赢 loselostlost丢失 findfoundfound发现 4 原形原形 l p ft l p ft 原形原形过去式过去式过去分词过去分词汉语意思汉语意思 feelfeltfelt感到 keepkeptkept保持 leaveleftleft离开 sleepsleptslept睡 sweepsweptswept扫 5 变其中一个辅音字母变其中一个辅音字母 原形原形过去式过去式过去分词过去分词汉语意思汉语意思 buildbuiltbuilt建造 hearheardheard听见 makemademade制造 meanmeantmeant意思 sendsentsent送 寄 spendspentspent花费 dealdealtdealt处理 laylaidlaid放 paypaidpaid付钱 saysaidsaid说 6 辅音字母和元音字母都变辅音字母和元音字母都变 原形原形过去式过去式过去分词过去分词汉语意思汉语意思 havehadhad有 吃 sellsoldsold卖 telltoldtold告诉 standstoodstood站 五 五 AAB 型型 原形原形过去式过去式过去分词过去分词汉语意思汉语意思 beatbeatbeaten打败 六 有两种形式六 有两种形式 原形原形过去式过去式过去分词过去分词汉语意思汉语意思 boreborn bear boreborne 生 hangedhanged吊死 hang hunghung挂 learnedlearned learn learntlearnt 学 liedlied说谎 lie laylain躺 showedshowed show showedshown 给 看 spelledspelled spell speltspelt 拼写 burned burned burn burntburnt 烧 smelledsmelled smell smeltsmelt 闻 shinedshined shine shoneshone 照耀 dreameddreamed dream dreamtdreamt 做梦 wakedwaked wake wokewoken 醒 hidhid hide hidhidden 躲藏 七 情态动词七 情态动词 原形原形过去式过去式过去分词过去分词汉语意思汉语意思 cancould 能 maymight 也许 must 必须 shallshould 将要 willwould 会 七七 瞬瞬间间动动词词 buy die join come go leave join 不不能能直直接接与与 for si nce 连连用用 要要改改变变动动词词 buy have borrow keep come arrive reach get to be in go out be out leave be away begin be on finish be over open be open close be closed die be dead 1 have 代代替替 buy My brother has had 不不能能用用 has bought this bike for almost four years 2 用用 keep 或或 have 代代替替 borrow I have kept 不不能能用用 have borrowed the book for quite a few days 3 用用 be 替替代代 become How long has your sister been a teacher 4 用用 have a cold 代代替替 catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday 5 用用 wear 代代替替 put on 现现在在完完成成时时练练习习 一一 A 选用选用 have has 填空填空 1 I told him the news 2 She come back from school 3 You won the game B 按要求改写下列各句按要求改写下列各句 4 They have bought a computer 改成否定句改成否定句 5 He has lost his book 先改成一般疑问句先改成一般疑问句 再作肯定与否定回答再作肯定与否定回答 C 单项选择单项选择 6 Where have you Kate I ve to the bank A gone gone B been been C gone been D been gone 7 Her grandfather for two years A died B has died C has been dead D has been died 8 It s six weeks I met you last A when B since C before D for 9 Tom and Jack have arrived at West Hill Farm already A have got B have gone to C have been to D have reached 现在完成时练习 二 现在完成时练习 二 一 一 单项选择 单项选择 1 Both his parents look sad Maybe they what s happened to him 呼和 呼和 浩特 浩特 knew have known must know will know 2 He has been to Shanghai has he already never ever still 3 Have you met Mr Li just ago before a moment ago 4 The famous writer one new book in the past two years is writing was writing wrote has written 5 Our country a lot so far Yes I hope it will be even has changed well changed good has changed better changed better 6 Zhao Lan already in this school for two years was studying will study has studied are studying 7 We Xiao Li since she was a little girl know had known have known knew 8 Harry Potter is a very nice film I it twice will see have seen saw see 9 These farmers have been to the United States Really When there will they go did they go do they go have they gone 10 you your homework yet Yes I it a moment ago Did do finished Have done finished Have done have finished will do finish 11 His father the Party since 1978 joined has joined was in has been in 12 Do you know him well Sure We friends since ten years ago were have been have become have made 13 How long have you here About two months been gone come arrived 14 Hurry up The play for ten minutes has begun had begun has been on began 15 It ten years since he left the army is has will was 16 Miss Green isn t in the office she to the library has gone went will go has been 17