外文翻译 - 工程招投标价格编制及其意义工程招投标价格编制及其意义

广西科技大学毕业设计（论文）外文翻译题 目： 柳州市某小区（1#楼）投标文件编制设计院专班学姓别：业：级：号：名：指导教师：二一三 年 三 月 五日Project bidding price organize and significanceSynopsis: Construction products and other goods, service is alsoinfluenced by the law of value, so in twenty-first Century, the maincharacteristics of engineering bidding price formation mechanism of the tenderprice is the market, is in uniform Item Division, unified measurement units,uniform calculation rules and basic consumption quota, market bidding,competitive cost. Bidding project, especially the internationalbidding .bidding project risk is very big, so in the bidding pricedecision-making and construction we must effectively control the bidding price,first, to carry out financial decision, enterprise contractors in accordancewith the different ways, according to the market competition situation, itstechnology, economic strength, through the financial decision-making autonomyoffer. Second, in order to exercise effective control, is the project biddingprice fixed by the contract price in the form of. Through the design,procurement, construction management, realize the effective control of thebidding price.Theme: Project bidding price, bidding and bid preparation, price control,limit control1. PrefaceThe production and sale of products is a kind of business activities,construction is a kind of business activities, investment is the human,financial and material resources, the product output can be railway, bridge,highway, civil architecture, or an industrial production device. Constructionis not a simple process of input and output, it relates to the market, customerissues, benefits etc. Engineering construction involves three aspects ofdesign, procurement and construction, and design and construction of twodifferent stages in the process of engineering construction and two independentdisciplines, like any other commodity production needs to control the cost toobtain a certain profit. Therefore, in project bidding, the calculation andcontrol of engineering cost is particularly important. The high price is laidthe foundation for profit, but in view of the current domestic constructionmarket competition has become white-hot, high price bid has been impossible.13Especially after China joined WTO, the overseas engineering contract firms toenter the Chinese market, and our engineering contracting business competition,our engineering contract firms also hope that the construction and developmentof the market to work abroad. So we should summarize the past experiences andlessons from international and domestic contract construction management,fully understand the characteristics and operation of engineering biddingprice forming mechanism of bidding rules, effective control of the constructioncost, make good use of two kinds of resources, exploiting the two market,improve the economic efficiency of enterprises.2, project bidding price formation mechanism。Construction project cost, generally refers to the cost of a particularproject (referring to the expected cost or actual cost) of the total cost. Itis a dynamic investment. Its exercise by the law of value, currency andcommodity circulation of the laws of the dominant law of supply and demand.Contracted projects in the calculation of the Tender Offer to use ourdecision-making theory, accounting, economics theory quotation evaluationstrategy, the Administration on from, the technical and business on acomprehensive identification, compared the use of scientific methodology andpractical pricing based on project cost reasonable so that it won the bidquotation. The current project cost pricing based on thecharacteristics ofNot meet the conditions of market economy, international and domesticcontract under the tender offer job. Chinas construction enterprises rarelyhave their own fixed construction budget, which projects to the internationalcontractor the tender offer must work more difficult. Our country because ofthe current project cost management system are planned economy mode at the setup, to the neglect of the economic status of an independent enterprise, theState directly involved in management activities, formulate and controlconstitute a direct project cost of a variety of factors, such as ex-factoryprice of the equipment and materials procurement storage, transport,miscellaneous fees, wages, indirect costs, such as management fees and taxes.13Chinas construction enterprises rarely have their quota of constructionbudget, which brings some difficulty to the bidding work in internationalengineering contracting. Although in recent years, various types ofengineering consulting companies have emerged, construction projectscompetitive bidding, project management system, but at pricing based on projectcost, the fixed, remain the standard admission fee by the Government to develop,manage, and as a statutory price. Therefore, in project cost management, lightdecision-making, re-implemented, light economy, emphasis on technical changein the situation difficult.Under market economy conditions bidding the project inaccordance with the characteristics of pricing in the market economybe able to timely and accurate market prices to capture information projectowners and contractors are to maintain a competitive advantage, control costsand to obtain the key to profitability is the project bidding Price calculationand an important basis for settlement. Price should be gradually liberalizedby the fixed pricing method to transition to the market by transition, withthe international market. Enterprises according to their skill level personnel,equipment, management capabilities, qualifications, experience andcredibility of the development of social enterprises scale their own standardsand access charges.Therefore, we would also like to increase the existing cost based pricingreform projects in the uniform division of the units of measurement unity, unityin terms of work and consumption of fixed rules on the basis of the commodityeconomy to follow the rules set up to market price Lord of the price mechanism.That is, volume and price to implement the separation of the property to changethe fixed price, fixed no longer part of the legal acts, but the amount shouldbe unified, to the country under the guidance of the relevant professionalassociations, consulting firms or the development of engineering calculationand consumption of fixed rules, to promote fair competition in the market tomaintain a balanced development of social productive forces.A specific projectat the tender offer when calculating the change in accordance with market supplyand demand, government and community advisory body to provide information andthe cost price index, quality, and contracting methods, contract period,13factors such as the purchase price payment, in accordance with internationalpractices, norms and practices of a flexible self-quotation.(3) engineering bidding bid price calculationThe form of engineering bid and bidding price is bidding. Price calculationmainly have three kinds: the construction drawing design stage, based on a fixedbudget; preliminary design or the expansion of the preliminary design stagebased on a fixed budget; another is the comprehensive unit price method. Weknow that many projects are started bidding in the preliminary design or theexpansion of the preliminary design stage, so the preparation of budget quotabased can avoid leakage or repeat the calculation errors in a certain extent,guarantee the accuracy of the results, but the use of budgetary estimate quotamust be accurate, effective. In order to meet the need of bidding, theengineering consulting company, professional association in the governmentdepartments under the guidance of quota in 2000, countries all quota andprovincial construction commission system construction, housing renovation,decoration on the basis of quota, quota subheadings to some municipal mergermain item, the preparation of the fixed budget. This can greatly simplify thesystem workload Biaodi, save time. The enterprise can also be cost with basedon budget quota, cancellation fee category, into a competitive rate. Both theindirect costs, management fees, profit of enterprise competitive cost and thestatutory tax rate and all other costs included in each unit, not a separatecalculation, also the comprehensive unit price method. This combined with theaccumulated enterprise engineering database, according to the change of marketsupply and demand factors, the government and the society advisory body ofinformation and the cost price index, preparation time can be further shortenedthe base bid price, achieve high accuracy, to create the necessary conditionsfor the use of fast quotation computer. Future business categories to reflectthe quality of business, mainly for the corresponding engineering measure ofenterprises can take classes. In order to improve the project bidding pricecompetitiveness, in the preparation of construction organization design shouldreflect the advanced productivity, efforts should be made to reduce theindirect construction time, idle, wasting time, reduce and eliminate the designchange, construction rework time error. In addition to avoid invalid idleconstruction machinery, reduce the temporary facilities area, reduce inventory,improve utilization of funds, etc.133. Engineering, bidding the price of effective controlBidding for the project is very risky for the contractor, the decision torespond to tender documents, preparation of tender documents gave rise to therisk of beginning. At the tender price risk from time to time, prices ofnon-successful, do not throw items off of the successful bidder, once thesuccessful bidder may have the risk of loss. In the construction process worksthere is always risk factors, there is the risk of market price changes, designrisk, the risk of material procurement, construction risk management and soon, until the completion of the project, qualified acceptance, project, qualityguarantee full recovery, personnel, construction machinery base security towithdraw or transfer to another project site, the risk of the project beforefinally disappearing. Therefore the works will not be bidding to do a good jobof risk control, and project bidding prices, it is particularly important toeffective control. Financial decision-making carried outFinancial decision-making is the production and management and financialmanagement of an important part are from a financial point of businessdecision-making program on the evaluation and selection. Tender in theinternational prices in order to work there is profit to be successful andhave to adapt to market economy accompanied by the financial mechanism.Its main mission is to provide dynamic information of enterprise fund,paying close attention to changes in the market, a forward-prediction analysis,the Tender Offer for businesses to provide basis for decision making.Traditional accounting billing management style after the pattern of thought,making the current budget system will have been contracted projects of greatimportance to the installation of building cost management, while ignoringthe cost of the entire project management, do not attach importance to theoverall effectiveness of the optimization of modern management can notprediction that the first thought, after thought and methods of control intothe system.After the accounting-based budget management system will not prevent andsolve decision-making and the design phase, resulting in a waste and fishingprojects, it can not prevent and resolve equipment and materials in the custodyof the price of procurement issues, the quality of questions and issues such13as inventory. Overview of budget management can not be fixed, both B to thefixed work-based, mutual communication, understanding and left at a loss onthe standard scale, superior management, the audit department and arbitralbodies are fixed as the standards of evaluation; this is a static control ofthe investment.Bidding prices and budget management over different bidding prices to beconsidered prior to the corporate internal and external environmental factors,taking into account labor, materials, and factors such as changes in prices.To learn more about the geographical conditions and the project scope of work,it is necessary to know the whole process of running the project, projectorganization, quality management, resource management, contract management.Depreciation study, technical measures, temporary facilities, amortization,risk analysis.But also with the adoption of the implementation plan, standards,selection of construction machinery, engineering, etc. to pay the purchaseprice of the combination of analysis of the tender price, to make the financialdecision-making, which is a micro-management. Therefore, we should controlbased on the advance in the tender offer is necessary to take the initiativeto adopt the financial decision-making, so that a combination of technicaland economic control of project cost to ensure the successful and profitable.According to the actual situation favorable contract priceusing the formThe economic contract is between legal persons to achieve the economicobjectives, clear mutual rights and obligations of the agreement.The signingof the contract is not only a kind of economic activity, but also a legal act,is to use legal means and economic means a combination of measures to managethe economy. Therefore, in a market economy, project bidding is not just apricing problem, but to design documents, the terms of the contract, textmanagement and bidding are combined. Price not want quasi-balance, but alsoreported that there is a reasonable price competitive tenders. After the endof the project bidding, the price of formed through the form of the contractprice is fixed. Contract management through the implementation of bidding forthe effective control of prices. For the year started, when the completion ofthe engineering, design departments, construction companies, material supply13department in accordance with their respective contractors, use of fixed pricelump sum contract price of a packet die from start to finish.For largermulti-year projects or incomplete design documents, engineering, trafficengineering can not be fixed, unit price contracts can be used. Price trendsfor Change is not clear, should not die a package of projects, can be inaccordance with international practice, the die has been package, package hasnot. We can also set forth in the contract prices and adjust the scope of priceadjustment formula, and so on in order to reduce the risk. Contract price andpayment terms of the economy are one of the core provisions of the contract,the contract negotiations, signing, implementation, management in an importantposition. So bidding for the contract price set, the weight can change overthe past progress and quality control, cost control in light of the idea. Forthe year started, when the completion of the engineering, design departments,construction companies, material supply department in accordance with theirrespective contractors, use of fixed price lump sum contract price of a packetdie from start to finish.Designed to implement limitFor a project, investment in its construction phase involves the design,material procurement and construction management of three areas. The qualityof investment projects, the level of project cost, play a decisive role is todesign. Engineering design stage is the formation of the first phase of theproject price, at this stage investment opportunities to save many, the amountof large, small price to pay.The quality of the project construction period,the project features, project life and project return on investment at thedesign stage and so to the cost of technology and investment form. Budgetmanagement over the current emphasis is often placed on the construction phaseof the construction cost management, while ignoring the design stage andmaterial cost of the procurement phase of management, a budget ultra-budget,ultra-budget settlement is inevitable phenomenon.In the project bidding system,the characteristics of engineering design work are technical decisions ofeconomic, technical economic constraints, thus enabling us to do a good jobin project bidding price limits effective control must be designed not onlyto achieve the design of the scale, design standards, design depth, engineeringquantity and amount of investment and other aspects of effective control. improve material procurement management system, step by step13with the market.Building at the installation, the materials about the project costs Jiananaround 70%. At the installation, the equipment also account for a largeproportion. Therefore affect the bidding price is another factor materialprocurement management system. To really make the market price mechanism forthe formation of the effective operation, it is necessary to have the materialssuited to the procurement management system.At present our project cost management, time-consuming in thecalculation of the main materials commonly used are based on the preparationof the local Construction of the xxx Materials in the budget area Price xxxx,and the actual supply price and the price of the price of this bad, at settlement.This procurement channels beyond the control of management, procurement prices,the cost should not be controlled in advance, so that beyond the control ofproject investment, project clearing price is often more than the budgetestimate bidding price or the contract price.Economic conditions in the market,whether the owners or contractors material procurement, or quotation in thetender should be stipulated in the contract variety, quantity, quality, pricelimits the scope of the implementation of procurement, efforts to reduce theequipment and materials costs. For instance, the implementation rate ofprocurement management