模拟电子技术基础(论文)

精品文档 1欢迎下载 摘 要 模拟电子技术是一门研究对仿真信号处理的模拟电路学科 模拟电路作为电 气工程及其自动化专业主干课程之一 经历了长足的发 目前已经被广泛应用在 我们的生活中 模拟电子技术以半导体二极管 半导体三极管和场效应管为关键 电子器件 包括功率放大电路 运算放大电路 反馈放大电路 信号运算与处理 电路 信号产生电路 电源稳压电路等研究方向 不断的改革创新 并应用到生 产生活当中 极大的推动了科技的进步 本文概述了模拟电子技术的发展过程及 其前景 接着对模拟电子技术基础每章节进行双语详解 从而达到深层次理解掌 握模拟电子技术的目的 关键词 模拟电子技术 二极管 信号发生器 精品文档 2欢迎下载 ABSTRACT Electronic technology is the study of simulation of the simulation signal processing circuit Analogcircuit as one of electrical engineeri ng and it sautomation professional back bone course experience da long hair now has been widely used in our life Analogelectronic technology f or semiconductor diodes semiconductor triodeand field effecttubeas the key electronics including power amplification circuit operation alampli fier circuit feedback amplification circuit signal operation and proces sing circuit signal circuit power supply volta geregulator circuit rese arch direction and continuously reformand innovation and applied to the production life greatly promoted the progress of science and technolog y This article summarizes the development and prospec to fanalogelectro nic technology and then into the analog electronic technology foundatio n foreach chapter in explanation so as to achieve the aim of deep under stand master an alogelectronic technology KeywordsKeywords Analogelectronictechnology triode teaching signalcircu 精品文档 I欢迎下载I 绪 论 一 简介 模拟电子技术是电子技术的一个方面 他是一个非常美丽的地方 在这个领域 数学 物理 信息工程 电气工程和自动化工程学科发现和谐集成点 其深刻的理 论基础和广泛的实际应用使它有一个强大而持久的生命力 因此 对于许多相关的 科学 模拟电子技术是一个非常重要的基础理论课程 一般来说 模拟电子技术是一个实用的 非常实用的课题 本文的主要目的是研 究各种半导体器件的性能 电路及其应用 模拟电子技术 很多的概念 但在科学和 工程专业知识的过程中学习 起着非常重要的作用 它不仅是为未来的课程奠定基 础 为我们分析和解决问题的能力也是非常重要的 根据目前流行的说 就是使用一门外语 主要是英语 进行非语言学科的教学 为学生创造一个密切接触英语环境 认为 双语教学被认为是一种外语教学方法 不够全面 在当今世界 有很多多元文化国家根据实际情况 在一些学校实施双语 教学 双语教学是它的目的 主要是指一个语言政策是一个多元文化的国家 而不仅 仅是一种教学方式 双语教学改革的实施不仅有利于培养素质高 能力强 而且教 师的英语水平的提高 作为一个重要的专业电工基础课程 实施双语教学是最好的 选择 模拟电子技术课程的双语教学模式 经过一系列的教学实践和探索实践证明效 果是比较理想的 可以更好地扩大学生的知识 提高学习能力 根据双语教学的模 式 不仅让学生根据其基本原理来解决遇到的问题的过程中学习和英语水平的提高 增 强学生的学习兴趣 让他们觉得有用 模拟电子技术课程的教学目标 模拟电子技术的特点是 线性和非线性的组合 直流和交流 结合电路和设备 基本的估计和物理概念的组合 目前 模拟电子技术的现状可以简单地鬼说 理论 体系和紧密整合 全面介绍网络图论 通过计算机的影响 非线性电路与系统的研究 方兴未艾 集成电路和超大规模的快速发展的状态将在很长一段时间对电路和系统 科学的发展 在多通道设备 集成 在系统的分析方法 优化集成 在系统扩展从线性 精品文档 II欢迎下载II 到非线性 从被动到主动 从单一元素离散扩展到集成电路系统 进入 21 世纪 电 子技术快速发展的时代 随着技术的不断改进 使设备规模继续缩小 以不断提高集 成 降低功耗 旗舰性能得到了改进 随着时代的发展 将越来越多的双语教学教师和所有年龄段的学生 一方面可 以提高语言能力 另一个是与世界先进的电子技术知识的整合 扩大我们的视野 与 英语的国际化和电子技术的快速发展 传统的刚性的教学将逐步新颖便捷的多媒体 技术来取代 多媒体课件的教学方法是一个基本出发点是基于文本 图像 声音 动画和其他方式合作 刺激学生的感官 激发学生的兴趣和严格的形式的多媒体课 件和黑板 粉笔是没有区别 获得教学效果并不显著 课件的制作适当的材料 适用 于木材 多媒体课件可以充分发挥学生的潜能 强化教学效果 提高教学质量为重 心 但最终多媒体只是一种辅助教学手段 为了更好地利用先进的知识传播工具 课题来源 随着当今世界的发展 外语的应用越来越广泛 国内外语环境较差 所以教 育需要创新 为此我们学校领导及老师让我们以双语课件为主题写一篇论文 双 语教学不仅可以让学生与英语有亲密的环境 也能让老师的整体素质能力得到提 高 在中国这个多元化国家 双语教学不仅是一种教学模式 更是一种语言政策 模拟电子技术作为一门电类相关专业的重要专业基础教程之一 实施双语教学模 式是非常合适的 精品文档 III欢迎下载III 二 课题研究目的及意义 对于这次模拟电子技术基础使用双语教学模式 我们主要目的是能让学生在 学习的过程中可以掌握两种语言 提高对英语的理解 增强学习兴趣 扩大学生 的知识面 经过一系列研究实践和探索 双语教学的效果理想 不仅专业上学以 致用 外语能力也得到提高 学习也更加有兴趣了 这就是模拟电子技术双语教 学的目的所在了 三 国内研究现状和发展趋势及综述 模拟电子技术的特点为 线性与非线性相结合 直流与交流相结合 电路与 器件相结合 基本估算与物理概念相结合 目前 模拟电子技术的现状可简单地 鬼难为 与系统理论紧密结合 全面引入网络图论 深受计算机的冲击 非线性 电路与系统的研究方兴未艾 集成电路的出现并向超大规模迅速发展的状况将在 相当长时间内左右电路与系统学科的发展 在器件上多段话 集成化 在分析方 法上系统化 最佳化 可集成化 在体系上从线性扩展到非线性 从无源扩展到 有源 从单元件分立扩展到电路系统的集成 进入 21 实际 电子技术进入了飞速 发展的时代 随着工艺技术的不断改进 使得器件的尺寸不断缩小 从而集成度 不断提高 功耗降低 旗舰性能得到提高 精品文档 4欢迎下载 Catalog 1 Analog Concept 1 1 1 Element and parameter 1 1 2 Electronic component 1 1 3 Analog signal and digital singnal 2 1 4 Troubleshooting Analog Circuits 2 1 5 Basic test instrument 3 2 Diodes and Applications 4 2 1 The Atomic Structure Of Semiconductors 4 2 2 The PN Junction 6 2 3 Biasing the Semiconductor Diode 7 2 4 Diode classification 8 3 Bipolar Junction Transistors 9 3 1 Structure of Bipolar Junction Transistors 9 3 2 Transistor operating principle 10 3 3 Characteristic curve of BJT 12 3 4 BJT Bias Circuits 13 3 5 Fault diagnosis of transistor bias 13 精品文档 5欢迎下载 4 Field Effect Transistors 15 4 1 Structure of Field Effect Transistors 15 4 2 JFET Characteristics 16 4 3 The transconductance curve of JFET 17 4 4 Input resistance of JFET 18 4 5 Differential amplifier 19 5 Basic Op Amp Circuits 20 5 1 Comparators 20 5 2 The Effect of Noise on The Comparator 21 5 3 Integrators and Differentia tors 22 Concluding Remarks 23 精品文档 6欢迎下载 Thank 24 Reference 25 精品文档 1欢迎下载 1Analog Concept 1 1Element and parameter According to the types of signals that we use we can the electronic credits into two parts digital electronics and analog electronics The analog circuit is used for continuous variation while the digital circuit is used to correspond to the discrete level Analog electronics is the signal processing such as amplification differential integral and so on And digital electronics including arithmetic and logic operations as is the use of computers and calculators to complete the operation 1 2Electronic component In twentieth Century the electronic system from the sender to Chittagong vacuum tubes transistors and integrated circuits Integrated circuit is the function of the completion of the original it is divided into digital integrated circuit with analog integrated circuit one is to use two discrete voltage and the other is to deal with the continuous change of the input signal with the output signal In ordinary algebra linear equations can be expressed in a linear representation of variables and are generally written in a formula Y mx b Y said X is the dependent variable independent variable M slope B is the intercept on the Y axis 精品文档 2欢迎下载 When the intercept is zero is to go through the origin the B is zero then the formula is Y mx Linear original is the increase in the current and the voltage is proportional to the added but also in line with the Ohm s law For most electronic components the characteristic curve is the curve of the current versus voltage the graph of the relationship between the two elements of a component in general is defined as the characteristic curve If the power supply reverse connection then the circuit will be what is not the same This time will produce more readings will make people look very messy prone to error The above mentioned characteristic curve of resistance is a straight origin and Y axis with zero intercept time The slope of a straight line is constant and is equal to the resistance of the electrical conductivity that is the reciprocal of the slope is the resistance 1 3Analog signal and digital singnal In analog electronics a signal is a voltage or current that contains information And electronic system signal is often used in a way to deal with or can transform the waveform as well as through the amplification to improve energy This way can be carried out in a continuous manner We know that the signal is divided into continuous or discrete type in which the continuous signal transformation is flat and slow which is not interrupted But discrete signals can only take one part for example some of them Continuous and discrete can be used for the amplitude of the signal can also be used for time On the other hand another type of encoder only some data you choose to step in 精品文档 3欢迎下载 In order to make the signal carrying information transmission electronic waveform of the voltage or frequency of some energy needs to change telecom general will in a fixed time interval repeat the repetitive waveform called periodic waveform Cycle is the time required to complete a cycle waveform Which is divided into many kinds of waves such as sine wave Sine wave is the most basic and most important waveform It is the waveform of the current or voltage with the same waveform as the trigonometric function of the sin wave in the algebra Sine wave is a kind of waveform which can be naturally generated by AC generator or radio wave It also has laser generating process sonic vibration phenomenon 1 4Troubleshooting Analog Circuits In analog electronics a signal is a voltage or current that contains information And electronic system signal is often used in a way to deal with or can transform the waveform as well as through the amplification to improve energy This way can be carried out in a continuous manner We know that the signal is divided into continuous or discrete type in which the continuous signal transformation is flat and slow which is not interrupted But discrete signals can only take one part for example some of them Continuous and discrete can be used for the amplitude of the signal can also be used for time On the other hand another type of encoder only some data you choose to step in In order to make the signal carrying information transmission electronic waveform of the voltage or frequency of some energy needs to change telecom general will in a fixed time interval repeat the repetitive waveform called periodic waveform Cycle is the time 精品文档 4欢迎下载 required to complete a cycle waveform Which is divided into many kinds of waves such as sine wave Sine wave is the most basic and most important waveform It is the waveform of the current or voltage with the same waveform as the trigonometric function of the sin wave in the algebra Sine wave is a kind of waveform which can be naturally generated by AC generator or radio wave It also has laser generating process sonic vibration phenomenon 1 5Basic test instrument In analog electronics a signal is a voltage or current that contains information And electronic system signal is often used in a way to deal with or can transform the waveform as well as through the amplification to improve energy This way can be carried out in a continuous manner We know that the signal is divided into continuous or discrete type in which the continuous signal transformation is flat and slow which is not interrupted But discrete signals can only take one part for example some of them Continuous and discrete can be used for the amplitude of the signal can also be used for time On the other hand another type of encoder only some data you choose to step in In order to make the signal carrying information transmission electronic waveform of the voltage or frequency of some energy needs to change telecom general will in a fixed time interval repeat the repetitive waveform called periodic waveform Cycle is the time required to complete a cycle waveform Which is divided into many kinds of waves such as sine wave Sine wave is the most basic and most important waveform It is the waveform of the current or voltage with the same waveform as the trigonometric function of the sin wave in the 精品文档 5欢迎下载 algebra Sine wave is a kind of waveform which can be naturally generated by AC generator or radio wave It also has laser generating process sonic vibration phenomenon 2Diodes and Applications 2 1The Atomic Structure Of Semiconductors In analog electronics a signal is a voltage or current that contains information And electronic system signal is often used in a way to deal with or can transform the waveform as well as through the amplification to improve energy This way can be carried out in a continuous manner We know that the signal is divided into continuous or discrete type in which the continuous signal transformation is flat and slow which is not interrupted But discrete signals can only take one part for example some of them Continuous and discrete can be used for the amplitude of the signal can also be used for time On the other hand another type of encoder only some data you choose to step in view 2 1 精品文档 6欢迎下载 In order to make the signal carrying information transmission electronic waveform of the voltage or frequency of some energy needs to change telecom general will in a fixed time interval repeat the repetitive waveform called periodic waveform Cycle is the time required to complete a cycle waveform Which is divided into many kinds of waves such as sine wave view 2 2 Sine wave is the most basic and most important waveform It is the waveform of the current or voltage with the same waveform as the trigonometric function of the sin wave in the algebra Sine wave is a kind of waveform which can be naturally generated by AC generator or radio wave It also has laser generating process sonic vibration phenomenon 精品文档 7欢迎下载 view 2 3 2 2The PN Junction A PN junction is a diode In the equilibrium state there is no current in the PN junction The main use of the semiconductor diode is the one way electric conductivity 精品文档 8欢迎下载 view 2 4 PN junction When a pure semiconductor is generally doped n type the general doping of P type then in between the two regions on the formation of a PN node In the N area there are many free electrons and several holes which are thermally produced There are many holes in the p region The free electron Pn structure produced by the hot electrons is the basic diode and the basis of the work of all solid state components Diode is a component that only allows current to flow in one direction 精品文档 9欢迎下载 view 2 5 2 3Biasing the Semiconductor Diode The term bias in electronics refers to a fixed DC voltage which is added to the semiconductor element to set its working conditions Forward bias is the condition that allows the current to flow through the PN junction Reverse bias is the bias condition to prevent the current flowing through the PN junction As shown in the following figure The lead out of the P region is called a positive electrode or an anode and the lead out of the N region is called a negative electrode or a cathode3 4Diode classification 精品文档 10欢迎下载 view 2 6 2 4Diode classification photodiode The reverse current increases with the increase of the intensity of light view 2 7 精品文档 11欢迎下载 When a forward current flows the light of a certain wavelength range is sent out and the current light emitting tube can emit light from infrared to visible light band view 2 8 3Bipolar Junction Transistors 3 1Structure of Bipolar Junction Transistors Bipolar transistor it is abbreviated as BJT Is constructed from three doped semiconductor regions These three regions are known as the emission region the base region and the collector region Figure A b 精品文档 12欢迎下载 view 3 1 these three regions are separated by two pn We know that bipolar transistors are divided into two types One of the two Pn areas in the middle of a PN with a thin layer known as NPN type transistor there is a two PN area the middle of a thin layer of PN clip called PNP type transistor These two kinds of transistors are widely used by us but the former is more widely used So most of us learn about it 精品文档 13欢迎下载 view 3 2 3 2Transistor operating principle In order to make the transistor work normally an external DC bias voltage must be provided on two Pn junctions in order to establish the proper working conditions NPN and PNP tube normal bias in two cases the launch of the junction are forward bias the season is reverse bias known as positive and negative bias 精品文档 14欢迎下载 view 3 3 But in the two case the voltage polarity and the direction of the current is just the opposite From emitter outflow into the narrow and low doping concentration of the base region most electronic no composite two little continues to spread to the BC junction depletion region once into the region they in the reverse bias BC junction period will be the attraction between positive and negative ions established plants pull Kirchhoff s current law points out that the total current flowing into the node must be equal to the total current flowing out of the node Applying this law to the NPN tube and the PNP tube can be concluded that the emitter current Ie is equal to the set current Ic which is the sum of the base current Ib The expression is Ie Ic Ib in 精品文档 15欢迎下载 which the current respectively shows the NPN tube and PNP tube small signal transistor of the typical current value 3 3Characteristic curve of BJT The BJT characteristic curve is divided into the input characteristic curve and the output characteristic curve and the input characteristic curve is close to the common diode That is to say in the analysis of bipolar transistor circuit if the transistor is turned on the emitter voltage at both ends of the regarded as 0 7V If the voltage is 0 transistor turn on if much larger than 0 7 the transistor emitter junction is regarded as an open circuit In order to draw the output characteristic curve of the BJT the base level current must be selected and kept constant For example the circuit used to generate a base level current in the role of Ic with the Vce change of a group of volt ampere curve this curve is called the output characteristic curve view 3 4 精品文档 16欢迎下载 view 3 5 3 4BJT Bias Circuits Bias is the addition of proper DC voltage to the transistor to work properly It can be achieved through any one of several basic circuits The selection of bias circuit is very related to the application In which the linear amplifier the input signal must be in the positive and negative direction change But the transistors work in a single direction In order to allow the transistor to amplify the AC signal 精品文档 17欢迎下载 the AC signal is required to be superimposed on the DC capacity of the set of good working points The bias circuit sets the DC to allow the AC signal to move in a positive or negative direction without making the transistor in saturation or cutoff 3 5Fault diagnosis of transistor bias As the bias circuit diagnosis is usually simple ordinary transistor bias circuit bias poor fault by resulted in the following two cases a the first transistor in saturation state the second transistor is off state In the beginning of the diagnostic circuit the first to check the base collector and emitter voltage It is very practical to observe whether they are suitable or not We have to keep in mind that these voltages are usually associated with some resistance or the beta value of the transistor but the change is not more than 10 of it and if these are normal the circuit can work properly When open collector resistance due to launch resistance there is no longer a collector current so the launch some voltage drop base voltage chan