空间资讯技术之发展与服务.ppt

SpatiotemporalInfrastructureforSemanticNetworkinDigitalArchives EricYenComputingCentre AcademiaSinicaDec 2002 Outline IntroductionNDAPApproaches Space Time LanguageCoordinatesArchivingandprocessingofmillionsofgeospatialmaterialsinASCharacteristicsHowtodelveintotheknowledgelevelExperiences LessonswelearnedExtendtomoregeneralsolutionGeolibraryTheTrendsConclusions IntroductiontoDigitalArchive DigitalArchiveisacollectionofdigitalobjects Adigitalobjectisdefinedassomething e g animage anaudiorecording atextdocument amovie amap thathasbeendigitallyencodedandintegratedwithmetadatatosupportdiscovery use andstorageofthoseobjects GoalsforDigitalArchive functionalpointofview ProtectionoftheoriginalDuplicationforsafetySearchandRetrievalEasyAccessResourceSharingLowercostofmaintenanceanddisseminationMax flexibilityforintegrationofheterogeneous homogeneousinformationresourcesProvidingabundantresourcesforknowledgediscoveryandknowledgeconstruction KnowledgeDiscoveryandConstruction Knowledgeconstructionmeanstheactiveprocessofmanipulatingdatatoarriveatabstractmodelsofrelationshipsamongphenomenaintheworldthatfacilitateourunderstandingofthosephenomenaand ultimately oftheworld 1 Knowledgediscoveryisanontrivialprocessofidentifyingvalid novel useful andunderstandablepatternindata 2 Persistentcataloging classification andsegmentationofdigitalobjectsisthegroundforfindingpatterns models andtrendsoflargevolumedata Reference MacEachren A etal ConstructingknowledgefrommultivariatespatiotemporalData integratinggeographicvisualizationwithknowledgediscoveryindatabasemethodsFayyad U Piatetsky Shapiro G andSmyth P 1996 Fromdataminingtoknowledgediscovery Anoverview InadvancesinKnowledgeDiscoveryandDataMining pp 1 34 TypesofElementaryKnowledgeOrganizationSystems ClassificationSystemsOntologiesTaxonomiesIndexLanguagesThesauriandothercontrolledlistsofkeywordsGlossaryDictionariesClusteringApproachesLexicalDatabasesConceptMaps SpacesSemanticRoadMaps WhyKnowledge basedApproachforDigitalLibrary 1 Providing ConceptualInfrastructure MappingouttheconceptualstructureandprovidingacommonlanguageforafieldProvidingclassification typologyandconceptdefinitions Clarifyingconceptsbyputtingthemintocontext ThusprovidingorientationandservingasareferencetoolforindividualresearchersandpractitionersandtherebyAssistingwiththeexplorationoftheconceptualcontextofaresearchproblemandinstructuringtheproblem therebyprovidingtheconceptualbasisforthedesignofgoodresearch fortheconsistentdefinitionofvariables andthusthecumulationofresearchresults Providingtheconceptualbasisfortheexplorationofthevariousaspectsofaprograminprogramplanning intheidentificationofapproachesandstrategies andinthedevelopmentofevaluationcriteriaAssistingusersinunderstandingcontextAssistinginformationproviderswithconceptualizingatopicandwithfindingthepropertermDiscoveryofhighqualityresourcesProvidingframeworksforinformationexchangeandresourceinteroperability DagobertSoergel EvaluationofKnowledgeOrganizationSystems KOS InformationStoragequestionsbasedonfacetstructure Summaryevaluationofthevocabulary sadequacyforthestatedpurposeonthemoredetailedanalysisasoutlinedbelow TranslationLanguagelearning DagobertSoergel EvaluationofKnowledgeOrganizationSystems KOS WhyKnowledge basedApproachforDigitalLibrary 2 Digitallibraryrequirementsforknowledgeorganizationschemas Theneedforknowledgeorganizationinsubjectgatewaysanddiscoveryservices issuesofapplicationanduseWeb baseddirectorystructuresasknowledgeorganizationsystemsKnowledgeorganizationassupportforweb basedinformationretrieval queryexpansion cross languagesearchingSemanticportals ECDL2000 SpecialWorkshoponNetworkedKnowledgeOrganizationSystems http nkos slis kent edu ECDL NKOS final htm Digitallibraryrequirementsforknowledgebaseddataprocessing Knowledgeorganizationforfiltering informationextraction summaryKnowledgeorganizationsupportformultilingualsystems naturallanguageprocessingormachinetranslationStructuredresultdisplay clusteringEnd userinteractionswithknowledgeorganizationsystems evaluationandstudiesofuse knowledgebasesforsupportiveuserinterfaces visualization ECDL2000 SpecialWorkshoponNetworkedKnowledgeOrganizationSystems http nkos slis kent edu ECDL NKOS final htm Digitallibraryrequirementsforknowledgestructuringandmanagement Suitablevocabularystructures conceptualrelationshipsComparisonbetweenestablishedlibraryclassificationsystemsandhome grownbrowsingstructuresMethodologies toolsandformatsfortheconstructionandmaintenanceofvocabulariesandformappingbetweenterms classesandsystemsFrameworksfortheanalysisofassumptionsandviewpointsunderlyingtheconstructionandapplicationofterminologysystemsMethodsforthecombinationandadaptationofdifferentvocabularies ECDL2000 SpecialWorkshoponNetworkedKnowledgeOrganizationSystems http nkos slis kent edu ECDL NKOS final htm Digitallibraryrequirementsforaccesstoknowledgestructures Dataexchangeanddescriptionformatsforknowledgeorganizationsystems thepotentialandlimitationsofXMLandRDFschemasHandlingofsubjectinformationinmetadataformatsStandardsandrepositoriesformachine readabledescriptionofnetworkedknowledgeorganizationschemas ascollections systems Interoperability cross browsingandcross searchingbetweendistributedservicesbasedonknowledgeorganizationsystemsDistributedaccesstoknowledgeorganizationsystems standardsolutionsandprotocolsforqueryandresponse taxonomyservers ECDL2000 SpecialWorkshoponNetworkedKnowledgeOrganizationSystems http nkos slis kent edu ECDL NKOS final htm DiscoverKnowledgefromDigitalArchive Geospatialinformationmeansthosegeo materialsthataregeoreferencedandhavingwell documentedmetadataRef ComponentsofadigitalobjectindigitalarchiveGeospatialContentBasedExtractingknowledgebyspace time language KnowledgeaboutSpace TemporalCharacteristicsisembeddedandcouldnotbeneglectedAcquisitionDirectExperienceLocomotionthruenvironment crawling walking running bicycling driving flying etc StationaryviewingSecondaryEnvironmentalExperienceStaticmedium maps diagrams paintings photos etc Dynamicmedium animatestaticvisualfigurestoshowchangesovertimeOtherwaystoconceivethosethatcannotbeviewedCharacteristicsMultimodal proprioceptive kinesthetic auditory visual etc LanguageisoftenusedtoconveyspatialinformationMulti perspectiveandscales充分瞭解人類獲取 整合與利用空間資訊模式 將可促進此類資訊的更有效利用 以及建立更符合實際需求的應用機制 e g aidfordecisionmaking SpatialRepresentationinGIS DataModelVector explicitBasicelements point lineandpolygonRaster implicitGeographicspaceisorganizedintopartitions layers Space dominantrepresentationsfocusonthespatialarrangementofentitiesbasedonthegeometricandthematicpropertiesoftheseentities SpaceisaneutralcontainerEntitiesonlyexistwhenassociatedtoalayerorthemeAppliedprimarilyintraditionalmappingLayer basedrasterandvectormodelsEachlayerisassociatedtoaperiodorpointintimeChange orupdate basedscenarioAnalysisbasedonsimilarityordissimilaritybetweenaggregations layers atdifferentpointsoftime WhyThinkinginSpatio Tempoalways Becausetheearthisrunning It sincompletetodescribeanevents objectinspatialdomainonly Learnfromthepast andplanfor predict thefuture CharacteristicsofSpace TimeImportanceToorganizespaceovertime DiscoverKnowledgefromGeospatialInformation Geospatialinformationmeansthosegeo materialsthataregeoreferencedandhavingwell documentedmetadataRef ComponentsofadigitalobjectindigitalarchiveGeospatialContentBasedFeatureIdentificationFeaturecomparison enhancethelikelihoodofrelationshipsamongfeaturesFeatureinterpretation mergetheidentifiedfeaturesandtheirrelationshipswithrealworldentity bydomainknowledgeLinkingtootherresourcesthatarerelatedtothisfeature thisplaceandthetime parsingthecollectedinformationfrommetadataorlexicalanalysisDemandsLinkspatiotemporaldataanalysistechniquestoGIS Featureinterpretationtoolsmustprovideconnectionsbetweenabstractrepresentationsofdata metadatathatdescribethosedata ananalyst sknowledge andknowledgesourcesexternaltothedatasetbeingexplored e g thrudigitallibrary DiscoverKnowledgefromGeospatialInformation Def FindinginstancesofidentifiablefeaturesinspatiotemporaldataEmphasisisonexaminingthedistributionofdatainallofitsdimensionsinanefforttonoticeanydistinctobject regularity anomaly hotspot etc FeatureIdentification Example DistributionofTombsinHanDynasty IntegratedSupportforResearch WebGIS basedSystemArchitecture ChallengesofGeospatialInformationProcessing HighthresholdforgeneralusersHardtofindrequiredgeospatialcontent serviceNewretrievaltechnologyforgeospatialinformationPersistentmetadataandarchiveMechanismforeffectivemanagementofhugevolumeofdatasetEfficientwaysfordigitization vectorizationofgeospatialmaterialsIntegrationwithotherinformationresources DiscoverKnowledgebySpace Time LanguageCoordinates Constructingthelinkageamongdiversifiedarchivesthrulanguage vocabulary LingualcoordinatehasbothspatialandtemporalextentsLingual TemporalPlane evolutionoflanguagethrutimeLingual SpatialPlan spatialdistributionindialectMulti lingualsupportfordigitalarchiveEstablishmentofdomain specificcontrolledvocabularysets andserveasbasisofontology DiscoverKnowledgebySpace Time LanguageCoordinates Language Time Space Alexis vocabularyincontextisanalogytothebasicunitofaconceptinknowledgeLexisisthebasicunitforanykindoflanguageprocess suchasrecognition parsing wordformation semantics conversationandanalysisThrulexicalanalysis collectionofallthelexicaltypes 詞類 lexicalpatterns grammar文法 andinstancescouldpavethebaseaslingualcoordinate Collectionofenoughdescription contextincl metadata foraspecificdomain couldbeasetofdigitalobjects ontology collectionofconceptsforthedomain ofthatfieldisconstructed Howdoweknowifthatisenough Needtheself learningcapabilityinthemechanismAtomicattributesofaplacenameNameGlyph stroke originalwriting allthehistoricalandcontemporarywriting andRomanization pinyin Pronunciation indigenousandevolutionsafterwardmeaning ifwecouldrestoretooriginalfonts sound FootprintCouldbeambiguous M NTime start end couldbevagueforhistoricalnamesType geographictype alsocouldknowtheadministrativelevelifitrepresentsanadministrativearea AtomicattributesofadatumPeople event time place object LingualCoordinateinNDAP GeographicsearchingisapowerfulandimportanttoolMorethan80 informationresourcespertaintospecificgeographicareasandareeitherexplicitlyorimplicitlygeo referenced Toutilizebenefitsofgeographicsearch wehavetogeo referenceinformationcontentsfirst thecostofcreatinggeographicfootprintsforeachrecord theAlexandriaDigitalLibraryProjectspent 4moverfouryears isveryhigh Theautomaticextractionofgeo referencedinformationisalsopossiblebutthereisaneedforsophisticatedtoolsthatgofurtherthangeographicnameextraction Movingfrominformationmanagementtowardknowledgemanagement Demands Newwaysofinformationsearch retrievalTraditionalfull textsearchKeyword basedorquerybyexamplesearchQuerybyinformationcontent image audio video andmultimediacontents Incorporationofgeographic temporalsearchVersatilewaysforpresentinginformation knowledge2D 3D or4DMultimedia virtualrealityMap on demand thrutheparserofgeographicnamesfromcontext ordirectlybythecoordinatesSeparationofcontentrepresentation presentationThecoreisthemetadata basedcontentanalysisCA InformationContent MetadataSchemesformanagementofcontentsIdentifythebestwayofinformationrepresentationandbecomepersistentarchive ConstructingSpace Time LanguageCoordinatesforNDAP 中國歷史文化地圖之整合應用 RolesofVisualizationinKnowledgeDiscovery RoleUsefulinfindingholesorerrorsindatasetsUsefulfornoticingabstractfeaturesandpatternsPredigestcomplexrelationsofdatasetsintovisualformFacilitateaccesstomultipleperspectivesoninformation thruinteractivityFacilitatedecisionsonappropriatemodelrepresentationduringanalysisstage Processtracking uncoverkeyaspectsofaprocessParametercontroltogetcorrespondingoutcomeontheflyFunctionality Geolibrary Objective LowerthebarriersforapplyingGISciencetechnologiesApproachesCollectingandprovidingbasicgeoreferencedspatialdata knowledgepersistentlyBuildingupapplicationenvironmentandtoolsforutilizationofspatiotemporalknowledgeandtechnologiesDevelopmentofspatiotemporal basedtechnologiesformulti disciplinarycontentsintegration aggregation knowledgediscoveryinmap metaphorFocus ApproachConstructionoftheSystemInfrastructureforSpatialandTemporalInformationTechnologyDevelopmentofCoreTechnologyEstablishmentofEffectiveServiceModelforResearchSupport Clearinghouse AninstanceofimplementationofinteroperabilityFunctionalityLocatingtherequiredresources servicesMaintainingapersistentcatalogofresources servicesforsharingExchangeofinformationcontentFormattransformation EffectiveManagementSystemforHugeVolumeofData Remotesensingdata 2TB day Andwillaccumulateto5PetaBytein2005 AccordingtothestatisticsofEUSpaceCenterRawdat