动词不定式用法

动词不定式用法动词不定式用法 动词不定式的基本形式是 to 动词原形 有时可以不带 to 动词不定式 或不定式短语 没有人称和数的变化 在句子中不能作 谓语 动词不定式仍保留动词的特点 即可以有自己的宾语和状语 动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语 动词不定式具有名词 形容词和副词的特征 因此在句子中可以作主语 宾语 表语 宾语补足语 定语和状语 1 作主语 作主语用的动词不定式常常用 it 替代 动词不定式 或短语 放在后面 例如 It s easy to get lost in a big city like Tokyo 在东京这样的大城市容易迷路 It is terrible to see the ship sinking into the sea 目睹轮船沉入大海 真是太可怕了 2 作宾语 Indians like to eat hot food 印度人喜欢吃辣味食品 They need to look at a map 他们需要查看地图 有的动词不定式在作带有补足语的宾语时 前面往往带有形式宾语 it 例如 Do you think it necessary for us to learn to wait 你认为学会等待对我们来说很必要吗 They improved the software to make it easier for people to use computers 他们改进了软件 使人们使用计算机更简便了 3 作表语 It seems to be an interesting book 它看起来是本有趣的书 The old man s job is to take care of the flowers in the garden 这位老人的工作是照料花园里的花 4 作宾语补足语 He told me not to bring you anything 他叫我不要给你带任何东西 Who taught you to play the music 谁教你弹这支曲子的 5 作定语 动词不定式作定语时 要放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面 例如 In my dreams I always have very difficult jobs to do 我在梦里总是做一些艰难的工作 Every day he made one of the smaller animals bring him something to eat 他每天叫一个小动物给他带来吃的东西 6 作状语 1 表示目的 You can hide under my seat when the conductor comes to check the tickets 当列车员来查票时 你可以藏在我的座位下面 In his third year he left Harvard to work for a company called Microsoft 在三年级时 他为了去微软公司工作而离开了哈佛大 学 2 表示结果 动词不定式作状语表示结果时常与副词 too 或 enough 连用 例如 It s too heavy to carry 太重了搬不动 The Californian ship arrived too late to save more people 加利福尼亚号来得太晚 没能挽救更多的人 7 和某些形容词连用 和动词不定式经常连用的形容词有 sure ready happy sorry afraid 等 例如 He s very happy to see his wife 他见到妻子非常高兴 I m sorry to trouble you 很抱歉打扰你了 8 和疑问词 who what when where which how 构成不定式短语作宾语 例如 I don t know how to use a computer 我不知道怎样使用计算机 Can you tell me when to start 你能告诉我什么时候出发吗 1 Don t forget the letter A to send B send C sending D being sent 2 The chair looks very old but in fact it is very comfortable to A sit B sit on C be sat D be sat on 3 Is necessary to return the book tomorrow A this B that C it D which 4 I m afraid they would not allow him here A to smoke B smoking C smokes D smoke 5 Mother told me the water before I drank it A boiling B boiled C boil D to boil 6 On my way home I stopped some food A buy B to buy C buying D bought 7 John was made the car for a week as a punishment A to wash B washing C wash D to be washing 8 The sitting room needs but it ll have to wait until Saturday A be cleaning B to be cleaned C clean D being cleaned 9 The first thing I want to do is A visit to him B to visit him C visiting him D visited him 10 Li Yang advised me too much otherwise I would have been drunk A not to drink B to drink C not drinking D drinking 参考答案 1 A forget to do sth 忘记去做某事 forget doing sth 忘记做过某事 2 B sit on the chair 其中 on 不能少 3 C it 为形式主语 4 A allow sb to do 5 D tell sb to do 6 B stop to do 停下去做另一件事 stop doing 停止做某事 7 A make sb do 在被动语态中为 be made to do 8 B need to be done 与 need doing 皆为 需要被做 之意 9 B 不定式结构作表语 10 A 不定式的否定式 advise sb not to do 1 Don t forget the letter A to send B send C sending D being sent 2 The chair looks very old but in fact it is very comfortable to A sit B sit on C be sat D be sat on 3 Is necessary to return the book tomorrow A this B that C it D which 4 I m afraid they would not allow him here A to smoke B smoking C smokes D smoke 5 Mother told me the water before I drank it A boiling B boiled C boil D to boil 6 On my way home I stopped some food A buy B to buy C buying D bought 7 John was made the car for a week as a punishment A to wash B washing C wash D to be washing 8 The sitting room needs but it ll have to wait until Saturday A be cleaning B to be cleaned C clean D being cleaned 9 The first thing I want to do is A visit to him B to visit him C visiting him D visited him 10 Li Yang advised me too much otherwise I would have been drunk A not to drink B to drink C not drinking D drinking 参考答案 1 A forget to do sth 忘记去做某事 forget doing sth 忘记做过某事 2 B sit on the chair 其中 on 不能少 3 C it 为形式主语 4 A allow sb to do 5 D tell sb to do 6 B stop to do 停下去做另一件事 stop doing 停止做某事 7 A make sb do 在被动语态中为 be made to do 8 B need to be done 与 need doing 皆为 需要被做 之意 9 B 不定式结构作表语 10 A 不定式的否定式 advise sb not to do 1 This company was the first portable radios as well as cassette tape recorders in the world A producing B to produce C having produced D produced 2 The purpose of new technology is to make life easier it more difficult A not making B not make C not to make D nor to make 3 Helen had to shout above the sound of the music A making herself hear B to make herself hear C making herself heard D to make herself heard 4 I don t know whether you happen but I am going to study in the U S A this September A to be heard B to be bearing C to hear D to have heard 5 The news reporters hurried to the airport only the film stars had left A to tell B to be told C telling D told 6 You were silly not your car A to lock B to have locked C locking D having locked 7 The teacher asked us so much noise A don t make B not make C not making D not to make 8 An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered clear warnings before firing any shots A to issue B being issued C to have issued D to be issued 9 I d rather have a room of my own however small it is than a room with someone else A to share B to have shared C share D sharing 10 The bank is reported in the local newspaper in broad daylight yesterday A robbed B to have been robbed C being robbed D having been robbed 11 A number of paintings in the castle are believed in a fire A being destroyed B having been destroyed C to be destroyed D to have been destroyed 12 The meeting next week is sure to be a great success A to take place B to be taken place C to have taken place D being taken place 13 As a result of my laziness I failed my work in time A and finished B to finish C and finishing D to finished 14 I am sorry written you a letter at the time A to have not B to not have C not to have D not having 15 Will you lend him a magazine A to be read B for reading C to read D he read 16 He could do nothing but for the bus A wait to come B wait come C waiting coming D waited came 17 It is a problem that doesn t need right now A to solve B solving C being solved D to be solving 18 There s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means trouble A making B to make C to have made D having made 19 I remember him the bike needed A hearing saying to repair B to hear say to repair C hearing say repairing D to hear saying to be repaired 20 You should have thanked her before you left I meant but when I was leaving I couldn t find her anywhere A to do B to C doing D doing so 21 Robert is said to abroad but I don t know what country he studied in A to have studied B to study B to be studying D to have been studying 22 I m gong to lace w st on Xi anlace next week Have you anything to your parents A to take B to be taken C to be bought to D to buy 23 when are they in their plan A hand B handed C to hand D give 24 In such dry weather the flowers will have to be watered if they A have survived B are to survive C would survived D will survive 25 When we hurried to the station there happened no bus at that time A to have B to be C having D being 26 I lost my way in complete darkness and matters worse it began to rain A made B having made C making D to make 27 At time does the salesgirl get up late in the morning though she is always too busy a good rest A no to take B no taking C any to take D one taking 28 Are you a student No but I used A to be B to was C to do D to be a 29 I stopped to listen and my son seemed himself in the living room A to enjoy to shut B to be enjoying shutting C to be enjoying shut D to have enjoyed having shut 30 With a lot of difficult problems the newly elected president is having a hard time A settled B settling C to settle D being settled 31 We re leaving at six o clock and hope most of the journey by lunch time A to do B to have done C to make D to have made 32 The study of the wild world may help to make the world easier A understood B to be understood C to understand D understand 33 Who will you get the project for us A design B to design C designed D designing 34 It is said in lace w st on Australialace there is more land than the government know A it what to do with B what to do it with C what to do with it D to do what with it 35 We are not allowed outdoors with some other children A playing B to be playing C to play D be playing 36 Allen had to call a taxi because the box was to carry all the way home A much too heavy B too much heavy C heavy too much D too heavy much 37 She feels so strongly that each of us should have a role in making the earth a better place to live in A to have played B to play C to be played D to be playing 38 When I handed the report to John he said that George was the person A to send B for sending it C to send it to D for sending it to 39 Do let your mother know all the truth she appears everything A to tell B to be told C to be telling D to have been told 40 There are five pairs but I m at a loss which to buy A to be chosen B to choose from C to choose D for choosing 41 The problem is difficult for us A so work out B very too to be worked out C rather too to work out D quite too to work it out 42 Where should I my application The personnel office is the place A send to send it B send for to send it to C send for for sending it D send to send it to 43 I ve worked with children before so I know what in my new job A expected B to expect C expects D to be expecting 44 I feel it is your husband who for the spoiled child A is to blame B is going to blame C is to be blamed D should blame 45 Can you imagine the questions I had our teacher A asked B to ask C asking D ask 46 Who did you the wall yesterday A have painted B have paint C have to paint D have painting 47 What s the matter with John He didn t pass the test but he still A hopes so B hopes to C hope it D hope that 48 Much attention should be paid people s living conditions A in improving B to improve C improving D to improving 49 that evening was due to his ill health A He failed to come B That he failed to coming C His failure to come D His failure in coming 50 I would love to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report A to go B to have gone C going D having gone 51 My family considers a computer which is considered a great help in our work and study A to buy to be B