外文翻译原文-中国农村电子商务发展的研究

The Study on Chinese Agricultural E-CommerceDevelopmentWen Yangeng1, Kang Yuena2, and Zang Weihua11 Institute of Information Engineering, Handan College, Handan, China2 Teaching Affairs, Handan College, Handan, Chinacaoshu_Abstract. Synthesizes our country agriculture informationization the present situation and the existence question, in the economic zone carrying out science and technology information service platform is the imperative matter, and promotes gradually from one point to entire area through electronic commerces superiority in our country countryside, becomes serves specially for the farmer has custom-made the network information platform, at the same time also needs the related government to give the support vigorously, can enable our countrys agricultural informationization to obtain quickly the good development, further promotes the countryside modernization systems formation, promotes our country agricultural economy development, strengthens our countrys comprehensive national strength.Keywords: Agriculture, e-commerce, information service.op1 IntroductionE-commerce high degree of information society, economy is highly educated and at the same time motivate the global agricultural information process is the production process and management of modem agriculture an important part of farmers and agriculture-related enterprises is a major global competition strategy. Therefore, the use of e-business environment and better implementation of agricultural science andtechnology information service platform of information on agricultural and rural modernization of great importance. However, there are a lot of agricultural ecommerce issues, impede the development of Chinas agricultural economy.2 The Developmnt of Agricultural E-Commerce Problems(1) The rural economy developed, information technology infrastructure is weak,leading to higher network costs very little access farmers, is to limit the developmentof agriculture and an important reason why e-commerce. Chinas Internet penetrationrate in urban areas than rural, urban users of the Internet longer than rural users. 2006,137 million Internet users in the country, engaged in agriculture-related employmentonly 0.4% in the proportion of Internet users, most of the agricultural management and echnical personnel. And highly focused on economic development in Beijing,Shanghai, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and other regions, peasants can really accessis almost negligible. ches). 208 W. Yangeng, K. Yuena, and Z. Weihua(2) Affected by natural conditions, agricultural production and agricultural products have great demand for the unpredictable nature of agricultural production areas and producers is relatively dispersed; and low value-added agricultural products,impatience Jiucun, many kinds of subjective factors and the quality evaluation stronger, less standardization, these factors greatly hinder the industrialization of agricultural production and circulation of moderization.(3) The long circulation of agricultural products, high transaction costs, a serioussplit among the supply chain, trading chain and its path is more complicated and lackof transparency, lower transaction information symetry; individual farmers, small-scaleagricultural organizations to collect, capture, analysis poor market information; these defects is not conducive to the conduct of agricultural commerce.(4) Poorly educated rural population, the traditional way of production and the inertia of a great deal of new knowledge, new technology exists, I do not know use know use, I do not know who is using phenomenon, do not understand the computer/network do not have the necessary skills to the Interet is the lead farmers do not access the main factor. Farmers on the information technology and e-commerce knowledge of poorly understood, a serious impediment to the development of agriculture and commerce.(5) Agricultural Development in practice the lack of technical staf, researchers mostly concentrated in the universities. In the United States, under the promotion of agriculture to each universitS agricultural college, universit professors engaged in teaching one-third of the time, one third time for research, one third of the time for promotion. In China, most professors are confned to teaching and research.3 The Developmnt of Agriculture and Commerce of the PositiveAgriculture is a typical traditional industry, with strong regional, seasonal, low degreeof standardization of products, producers and low dispersion characteristics andquality, with great natural risks and market risks. E-commerce is carried out through electronic data transmission business activities, to eliminate the traditional business activities, information transmission and exchange of spatial and temporal barriers. Development of agricultural e-commerce, will effectively promote the pace of industrialization of agriculture, promote rural economic development. E-commerce on the process of agricultural industrialization in China has a great role in promoting the specific performance:(1) Reduce the production of blindness. Market risk in agriculture is largely passed by the slow pace of agricultural information, information poor accuracy due to various factors of production and operation of blindness caused. Agricultural e-commerce can reduce and even eliminate agricultural market information asymmetries, as farmers and businesses to provide comprehensive and timely market information, help enterprises and farmers accurately grasp market demand, agricultural production behavior becomes intelligent and fast.(2) Reduce costs and improve efciency. Import in the agricultural industry of ecommerce, web publishing enterprises information, processing orders, Anpaishengchan, allocating resources, supply chain, almost all organizations can be in the frst time in access to required information fom the Interet, the reduction of intermediate Business. The Study on Chinese Agricultural E-Commerce Development 209 inks, small farmers and reduce the distance between the big market, compared with traditional marketing, cost reduction, reduced part of the transaction faster, saving costs, improve effciency and economic benefts. Meanwhile, the e-clear transmission of information, not only improves the speed of information transmission, but also broadened the scope of information transmission, easy to link buyers and sellers, reducing the search costs of buyers and sellers.(3) Breaks area and the time restricting. Information delivery and the space-time communicating with restrict agriculture Electronic Commerce in having broken tradition business, the network being dependent on the Internet business, makes agricultural enterprise break through the marketplace pattern cutting up the links among departments and regions, restricting shaking of the regional marketplace, the trans-regional and even translational tum into network sells, selectivity benefcial to forming the both sides uniting big marketplaces having order, using business expandsto a maximum.(4) Realizes a distribution of farm produces scale-rization. Adopt network business platform in agriculture Electronic Commerce, is able to trade scale-rization with a few, single-handed agricultural product, systemization. That the peasant may be really not that the peasant household or the cooperative appears with single, is to entrust the distribution centre with the agricultural product but to sell by whose unifed organization but, one side method of business is a peasant group, another one side is that enterprise, the both sides position are equal, respective beneft all is able to get sufcient guarantee. The distribution centre carries out unifed quality on the agricultural product checking up, classifes, adopts plain code catalogue, mass having ensured that the process circulating to scale-rization is hit by an agricultural product.4 Units Countermasure Suggestion That Agriculture ElectronicCommerce DevelopQuestion which exists in view of the present agricultural development, gives the following several aspects the countermeasure suggestion.(1) Foundations suit the agricultural development the electronic commerce patter. The agriculture electronic commerce successful key lies to our country rural market, the agricultural products processing market and the circulation market, even interational agricultural product market characteristic understanding and assurance. Using electronic commerces technical superiorit, provides the valuable service flly for the customer. Has three kind of commercial patters approximately. First, the information alliance service provider patter, establishes the agricultural website information service alliance, the construction agriculture domain comprehensive information platform, unites various regions, various departments to ford the agricultural website, realizes the resource sharing, the information intercommunication, the beneft to moisten, to gain together; Second, farmer information commerce patern, including short note commerce, agricultural manager commerce, member commerce patter and so on; Third, the enterprise information commerce pattern, in the market environment, our countr Agricultural enterprise faces the market directly, is quite intense to market informations demand, and has certain paying capacity to the valuable information.(2) Goverments lead the support information infrastructural facilities. Electroniccommerces development needs two big essential factors: First, infrastructure; second,market. In infastructures investment and the electronic commerce markets perfect aspect, the goverment should undertake the primar responsibilit without doubt, tries solves the information last kilometres turing on question. At present the goverment leads, impels in ever way, has implemented the key support to the countryside telecommunication and the Interet, has provided the powerfl safeguard for the countrside Interet development, if in June, 2007 starts the villages and towns informationization popularizes the township to have the website the public welfare project to obtain Local authorits warm echo.(3) Train the new generation the net agriculture. Farmers qualit realizes our country agriculture moderization key, is also the agricultural product electronic commerce development important attribute. Should take the positive measure, strengthens the countrside Interet bar construction, the development to have the step to farmers training work, by stages, to raise farmers agriculture state-of-art steadfastly. Fords in the agricultural website suitable to use the easy to understand information, attraction more farmers the net agriculture the breakhrough electronic commerce website customer resources bottleneck.(4) Agricultural product physical distribution system construction. Makes the new agricultural product physical distribution supply chain, provides services and so on digitized transaction, auction, payment, allocation to agricultural product production and sale various links, at suitable time establishes certain agricultural product physical distribution center, increases to the agricultural product preserve processing and information development use ability.(5) Strengthens the rural education, improves the farmer science and culture quality, the standard transaction behaviour, enhancement contract consciousness. With the aid of the network and other computerization way, carr on the distance learing to the farmer, including transaction standard, transaction fow, as well as related laws and regulations. Using the countryside Basic-level organizations strength, carries on commercial training to the farmer, popularizes to the commercial elementarknowledge, shapens the autonomy ability.5 The E-Commerce of Agricultural Products(1)A. Currently Reclamation Attach Less Importance to Ecommerce SystemFirst, all functional departments in Reclamation lack of adequate attention and supportto agricultural e-commerce system. No changing from conception, un-enough understandmg on the development of agricultural ecommerce in Reclamation. For a long time, all functions in Reclamation has played the roll as a professional technical guidance and services. Refer to what is more production guidance on agricultural products. While as to the ecommerce, which connects to sales much, farmers mainly depend on themselves. Currently there are three channels for agricultural products marketing in Reclamation, Rent to the farm the production and processing enterprises sign directly with the farmers, the last is the farmers selling goods by themselves, and farmers selling by themselves still accounts for the largest proportion. Under such circumstances agricultural e-commerce systems in Reclamation become particularly The Study on Chinese Agricultural E-Commerce Development 211 important, e-commerce is developed as a new business model in the information age, connect through multi-subject and multi- technology, such as IT, Business Economics, Management, Law, it can help farmers increase profits !hat acquaint information frommaximum scope, fastest time. Cadres of various departments, especially the agricultural departments and grass-roots management, dont understand informatation and e-commerce thorough, combine with traditional Ideas, lack of confidence in ecommerce, not clearly understand the role of the network economy these are the important reasons for the slow development of agricultural e-commerce in Reclamation. Secondly, the farmers do not think much of the agricultural e-commerce system. China now enforces the agricultural policy, direct subsidies for grain. Further more Heilongjiang Reclamation area occupies more land resource per capita land area is at the forefront of the nation states. The government makes price protection of agricultural products, which means that the risk of farmers greatly reduced. It results that farmers focus only on food production output, do not pay attention to sales. Thus, farmers attach less importance to agricultural e-commerce, a great many still in the traditional way of selling.(2) Present Level of E-Commerce System in Reclamation is LawThere are over 7,000 agriculture-related web-site on the farm in Heilongjiang Province and Reclamation, a total of more than 2,800 e-commerce sites by 2009, these are all aVailable for agriculmral e-commerce system in Reclamation now. E-commerce system can be divided into three levels: 1. Primary e-commerce: business junior electronic, networking, and mltlal development of e-commerce the main achievement of the networking of information streams that is releasin product information online, contructing negotiation online, marketing online, collecting information about customers, to achieve cost-free internet marketing, make e-commerce as a major business information service. 2.Intermediate e-commerce: Intermediate business electronic, networking, by information flow and capital flow reaching networked transaction, to achieve on-line transactions, online payments, payment type ecommerce. Based on supply chain management and customer management, achieving mtermediate business service informatization.3. Advanced e -commerce: Advanced business electronic, networking, mtelligence and conducting collaborative ecommerce, the full realization of information flow, capital flow, logistics and other third-rate networking. Payment type of e-ommerce and modem logistics, online ordering integrate mteral ERP, excellent and timely production, to achieve zero mventory. From product design, manufacturing, product delivery, distribution,