2013届高三英语 名校试题精品汇编（第1期）专题07 动词时态和语态（教师版）VIP

用心 爱心 专心1 20132013 届高三英语名校试题巨献 教师版 届高三英语名校试题巨献 教师版 第第 7 7 讲讲 动词时态和语态动词时态和语态 解题指导解题指导 时态与语态一直是热点 也是广大考生复习备考的难点 考纲要求考生应该具备较强的语言应用能力 能在具体语境中恰当 准确地使用某一特定时态 熟练掌握常见的 8 种时态 弄清 16 种时态 同时还要 熟练运用特殊时态句式和用法以及不用被动式但表示被动的动词和短语 一 动词时态一 动词时态 考查要点简述考查要点简述 1 一般现在时 主要用来表示人 事物的现在状况和特点 表示经常或习惯性的动作 句子中常有 often 考点一 表 示永恒的真理 客观存在 科学事实 即使出现在过去的语境中 仍用一般现在时 如 A will make B had made C was making D makes 答案 D 解析 考查动词时态 题干是陈述一个客观真理 用一般现在时 选 D 考点二 表示格言或警句 例如 用心 爱心 专心2 Pride goes before a fall 骄者必败 注意 此用法如果出现在宾语从句中 即使主句是过去时 从句谓语也要用一般现在时 I don t want so much 我不要那么多 Ann writes good English but does not speak well 安英语写得不错 讲的可不行 比较 Now I put the sugar in the cup 把糖放入杯子 I am doing my homework now 我正在做功课 典例 Next time you here let s have lunch together A will be B are C have been D were 答案 B 解析 本题考查时态的用法 在时间 条件状语从句中 从句应用现在时表将来 next time 引导的是 一个表示将来的时间状语从句 应用一般现在时的形式 have lunch together 是一个表示一般将来的事 情 So long as he works hard I don t mind when he finishes the experiment 只要他努力工作 我不介意他什么时候做完试验 考点六 在 the more the more 越 越 句型中 若主句是一般将来时 从句通常用一般 现在时 The harder you study the better results you will get 用心 爱心 专心3 2 现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动 或表感情色彩 加强语气 与频率副词 如 always constantly continually again 等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩 赞叹 厌烦 埋怨等 We are having English class The house is being built these days The little boy is always making trouble Marry is leaving on Friday 3 现在完成时 表示动作发生在过去 完成在过去 但强调与现在情况仍有联系 其结果或影响仍存在 现在完成 时有一些标志性的时间状语 考点一 for 时间段 since 时间点 They have lived in Beijing for five years They have lived in Beijing since 1995 I have learned English for ten years 考点二 常见的不确定的时间状语 lately recently just already yet up to now till now so far these days Has it stopped raining yet 典例 What is the price of petrol these days Oh it sharply since last month A is raised B has risen C has arisen D is increased This is my first time that I have visited China This is the most interesting film I have ever seen That is the only book that he has written 4 一般过去时 用心 爱心 专心4 表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作 或过去习惯性动作 不强调对现在的影响 只说明过去 常跟明确的过去时间连用 如 yesterday last week in 1945 at that time once during the war before a few days ago when 注意 考点一 used to do 表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作 to 为不定式 后接动词原形 be become get used to doing 表示习惯于 He used to smoke a lot He has got used to getting up early 考点二 在时间和条件状语从句中 代替过去将来时 He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise 5 过去进行时 表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作 The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work He was taking a walk leisurely by the lake when he heard someone shouted for help What were you doing at nine last night The radio was being repaired when you called me 6 过去完成时 表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作 即过去完成时的动作发生在 过去的过去 句中有明显的 参照动作或时间状语 这种时态从来不孤立使用 before after by up till There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000 By the end of last term we had finished the book They finished earlier than we had expected That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather It was 3 years since we had parted I had hoped that I could do the job I had intended to see you but I was too busy 7 一般将来时 表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况 常和 tomorrow next year in 2008 等表示将来的时间状 语连用 其表现形式多达种 Beijing will host the 29th Olympic Games in 2008 考点一 一般将来时总是用在一些时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主句中 We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes 用心 爱心 专心5 主句用一般将来时 从句中一定要用一般现在时替代一般将来时 考点二 某些表示短暂性动作的动词如 arrive come go leave start 等 用现在进行时形式表示将 来 I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow 考点三 祈使句 and or 句子 这种结构中 and 后面的句子谓语用一般将来时 Use your head and you will find a way 考点四 am is are going to 动词原形 表示打算要做的事或可能要发生的事 am is are about to 动词原形 表示按照预定计划或打算准备着手进行的动作 am is are to 动词原形 表示必须 必然或计划将要做的事 They are to be married in this May 8 将来进行时 表将来某个时间正在发生的动作 或按计划一定会发生的事情 I ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow 明天这会我正在写作业 The President will be meeting the foreign delegation at the airport 典例 At this time tomorrow over the Atlantic A we re going to fly B we ll be flying C we ll fly D we re to fly 考点一 常用的时间状语一般用 by 将来的时间 如 by the end of this year by 8 o clock this evening by March next year 以及由 by the time before 或 when 等引导的副词从句 By the end of next month he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot By the time you reach the station the train will have left By next Tuesday I will have got ready for the exams 典例 By the time you arrive in London we in Europe for two weeks A shall stay B have stayed C will have stayed D have been staying 考点二 在时 间和条件状语从句中 将来完成时则由现在完成时表示 The children will do their homework the moment they have arrived back from school 注意 1 一般现在时代替一般将来时 用心 爱心 专心6 When while before after till once as soon as so long as by the time if in case that unless even if whether the moment the minute the day the year immediately 等引导的时间状语从句 条件句中 用一般现在时代替将来时 例如 He is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing 他一到北京 就去看他姨妈 2 一般现在时代替一般过去时 书上说 报纸上说 等 例如 The newspaper says that it s going to be cold tomorrow 报纸上说明天会很冷的 叙述往事 使其生动 例如 Napoleon s army now advances and the great battle begins 拿破仑的军队正在向前挺进 大战开 始了 3 一般现在时代替现在完成时 有些动词用一般现在时代替完成时 如 hear tell learn write understand forget know find say remember 等 例如 I hear have heard he will go to London 我听说了他将去伦敦 I forget have forgotten how old he is 我忘了他多大了 用句型 It is since 代替 It has been since 例如 It is has been five years since we last met 从我们上次见面以来 五年过去了 表示即将 发生的或预定中计划好的活动 例如 Are you staying with us this weekend 和我们一起度周末好吗 We are leaving soon 我们马上就走 渐变动词 如 get run grow become begin 以及瞬间动词 die 等 例如 He is dying 他要死了 6 时态与常用时间状语的搭配 一般现在时 every sometimes at on Sunday 等 一般过去时 yesterday last week an hour ago the other day in 1982 just now 等 一般将来时 next tomorrow in 一段时间 before 时间点等 现在完成时 for since so far ever never just yet till until up to now in the few past years always recently lately 等 过去完成时 before by 过去的时间 until when after once 等 过去进行时 this morning the whole morning all day yesterday from nine to ten last evening when while 等 将来进行时 soon tomorrow this evening on Sunday by this time tomorrow in two days tomorrow evening 二 被动语态考查要点简述 用心 爱心 专心7 考点一 使用 被动语态时应注意的几个问题 1 主动变化被动时双宾语的变化 看下列例句 My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday An interesting book was given to me by my friend on my birthday I was given an interesting book by my friend on my birthday 2 主动变被动时 宾补成主补 位置不变 作补语的 不定式前需加 to The boss made him work all day long He was made to work all day long by the boss 3 短语动词变被动语态时 勿要掉 尾巴 The children were taken good care of by her Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to 4 情态动词和 be going to be to be sure to used to have to had better 等结构变被动语态 只需将它们后面的动词原形变为 be 过去分词 5 当句子的谓语为 say believe expect think know write consider report 等时 被动语 态有两种形式 A 谓语动词用被动语态 动词不定式作主补 B 用 it 作形式主语 真正的主语在 后面用主语在后面用主语从句来表示 如 People say he is a smart boy It is said that he is a smart boy He is said to be a smart boy People know paper was made in China first It is known that paper was made in China first Paper was known to be made in China first 类似句型有 It is said known suggested believed hoped thought that 考点二 不能用被动语态的几种情况 4 表示 希 望 意图 的动词 如 wish want hope like love hate 等 5 宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态 不能用被动语态 6 宾语是同源宾语 不定式 动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态 用心 爱心 专心8 7 有些动词以其主动形式表示被动意义 特别是当主语是物时 常见的动词有 sell write wash open lock 等 此 句中常会有一些表示性质或动作特征的副词 如 well badly easily hard difficultly 等 考点三 主动形式表被动意义 The fish smells good 鱼闻起来香 2 当 break out take place shut off turn off work out 等动词表示 发生 关闭 制定 等意 思时 The plan worked out successfully The lamps on the wall turn off 3 want require need demand request 后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义 4 be worth doing 用主动形式表示被动含义 5 在 be 形容词 to do 中 不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语 用主动代被动 This kind of water isn t fit to drink The girl isn t easy to get along with 另外 be to blame 受谴责 be to rent 出租 也用主动形式表被动 考点四 被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况 1 be seated 坐着 He is seated on a bench He seats himself on a bench 坐在凳子上 2 be hidden 躲藏 He was hidden behind the door He hid himself behind the door 他藏在门后 3 be lost 迷路 4 be drunk 喝醉 5 be dressed in sth 穿着 The girl was dressed in a red short skirt 考点五 被动语态与系表结构的区别 被动语态强调动作 系表结构表主语的特点或状态 如 The book was sold by a certain bookstore 被动语态 The book is well sold 系表结构 用心 爱心 专心9 如果从句 中的谓语动词所表示的动作与主句中的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生 从句中须用一般过去时或过去 进行时 如 She said she was busy then 如果从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作明显发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前 从句中须用过去完 成时 如 I didn t know that she had been to London twice 如果从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之后 从句须用过去将来时 如 They didn t know when they would have a rest 如果从句中说明的是一种普遍真理现象 虽然主句的谓语动词为过去时态从句中仍要用一般现在时 如 When I was a little child my father told me that the earth is round 如果从句中有表示具体过去时间的状语 虽然其谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的 动作之前 从句仍用一般过去时 但如果该状语表示的时间不具体 则从句仍要用过去完成时 如 Tome said he was born in 1975 song 在动词 make see hear watch notice 等之后 不定式的 to 在主动语态里可要省略 而被动语态里不能省 如 Tom was seen to come out of the lab 宾补为 ing ed 分词 改为被动后不变 如 They heard them singing at the time They were heard singing at that time 3 宾补为形容词 副词 名词或介词短语 改为被动后不变 如 She kept me busy all the morning I was kept busy all the morning 名校模拟试题汇编训练 名校模拟试题汇编训练 1010 分钟 分钟 1 2012 届江西省临川一中高三 6 月信息卷 25 The new 3D film Titanic will be on at 7 30 pm Shall I pick you up at 6 40 pm OK I you at that time A was waiting forB shall be waiting for C have been waiting for D shall have waited for 答案 B 用心 爱心 专心10 解析 考查动词时态 此处是将来完成时 表示到那个时候 我会等你 2 2012届安徽高考最后一卷 21 When the first e book readers appeared in the late 1990s technology experts a great future for the digital publishing industry A predicted B established C arranged D imagined 答案 A 解析 本题考查动词 在电子书刚问世时 对于其未来 科技人员应是做出预测 故A合句意 正确 3 2012届安徽高考最后一卷 26 The government has promised that more funds to provide better school bus services in rural regions A will invest B have invested C will be invested D have been invested promised可知 后面所承诺的内容是将要努力去做到的事 故用一般将来时 C正确 4 2012届安徽高考最后一卷 28 We ll go to the party to be held in Anhui Grand Theater at 8 tonight Could you join us I m afraid I can t I the holiday plan with my friends A am discussing B have discussed C will be discussing D will have discussed 答案 C 解析 本题考查动词时态 题意 我们将参加于今晚八点在安徽大剧院举行的晚会 你愿意和我们一 起去吗 我恐怕不行 那时 我将和我的朋友讨论假期计划 由上句中的 at 8 tonight 可知 下句应该用将来进行时 故选C 5 2012 届安徽省六安一中高三第十次月考 24 Mr White at our office three times in the last week and each time he for you A called was B called has been C has been calling is D has called was 答案 D 解析 考查时态 第一空根据时间状语 in the last week 用现在完成时态 第二空 each time 表 示过去一周里的每次 用一般过去时 6 2012 届上海市高考适应性考试英语试卷 30 John is not a man to count on and it is very likely that the work by the time he arrives here A is finished B has finished C will finish D will have been finished 7 2012 届甘 肃兰州一中三诊 15 What do you feel about the concert held by Song Zuying in Bird s Nest Sorry I have no idea I it because I happened to be on the plane that night A missed B had missed C was missing D would miss 答案 A 解析 考查动词时态 句意 你认为宋祖英在鸟巢举行的音乐会怎么样 对不起 我不知道 我错 过的这场音乐会 因为我那天晚上碰巧在飞机上 8 2012 届西安八校联考二 13 Have you ever seen that movie Yes when I was in London I it three times A have seen B would see C saw D had seen 答案 C 用心 爱心 专心11 解析 考查动词时态 此处指过去我在伦敦时看过那部电影三遍 故用一般过去时 9 2012 届河北省唐山市三模 27 Roderick had an accident yesterday How come He very carefully A droveB drivesC had drivenD has driven 答案 B 解析 考查动词时态 句意 Roderick 昨天出了车祸 怎么会是那样 他一向开车很小心 10 2012 届河北省唐山市三模 31 By the time I arrived at the hospital his wound A had treatedB was treatedC treatedD had been treated 答案 D 解析 考查动词的时态和语态 句意 我到达医院的时候 他的的伤已经被处理 11 2012