英语就近原则-就远原则

就近原则 也称 邻近原则 就近一致原则 Proximity 即 谓语与靠近的名 词 代词 有时不一定是主语 在 人称 数 上一致 I 在正式文体中 1 由下列词语连接的并列主语 there be 句型 or either or nor neither nor whether or not b ut not only but also 等 e g What he does or what he says does not concern me 他的行为或 言谈都与我无关 Neither you nor I am wrong 你和我都没错 Not you but your father is to blame 不是你 而是你父亲该受责 备 Not only you but also he is wrong 不仅你错了 他也错了 2 在倒装句中 谓语可与后面第 一个主语一致 e g In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people 在远处 能听见鼓掌声 和人们的呼喊声 There is are a pen and some books on the desk 桌上有一支钢笔 和几本书 II 非正式文体中 有时依 就近一致原则 但也可依 意义一致原则 或严格地依 语法一 致原则 e g Neither she nor I were there 意 义一致 我和他当时都不在那儿 非正式 Neither she nor I was there 就 近一致 译文同上句 正式 但是 如果依 就近一致原则 而与 其他两项原则相矛盾时 则常常认 为是不太合符规范的 e g No one except his own supporters agree with him 仅他自 己的支持者同意他的意见 依 就 近 和 意义 一致的原则 但语法上 No one 才是主语 谓语要改成 agrees 写作中 一般要依 语法一 致 原则 英语就近原则短语 1 There be 句型 There is a book and some pencils on the desk There are some pencils and a book on the desk 2 neither nor Neither you nor he is right Neither he nor you are right 3 either or Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday Either Jim or they are going to shanghai next Saturday 4 not only but also Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday Not only Ann s parents but also she stays at home every Sunday 就远原则 谓语动词与前面主语一致 代表词汇 as well as together along with rather than except besides but inclu ding in addition to apart fro