高中英语 Unit 1《Getting along with others》教案 北师大版选修5

1 UnitUnit 1 1 GettingGetting alongalong withwith othersothers Grammar Grammar 教案教案 不定式句法功能 1 作主语 The cat said To take roller coaster is terrible 不定式短语作主语时 可以直接放在句首 但在很多情况下 尤其是在疑问句和感叹句中 往往放在谓语之后 而用先行代词 it 作形式主语 The cat said It s terrible to take roller coaster How long did it take you to take roller coaster How terrible it is to take roller coaster 不定式作主语常见句型 a It is adj easy important difficult 不定式 b It is n a pity a pleasure one s duty a shame 不定式 eg It s my duty to teach you how to be a student of No 3 Middle School c It takes needs requires some time hours months days patience 不定式 eg It requires patience to be a good teacher 2 作表语 当句子的主语是 aim idea policy question suggestion wish task duty job purpose 等或者主语是 what 引导的名词性从句时 后面可以用不定式做表语 用以说明主语所包含 内容 eg Our most important task now is to make a plan 注 作表语的不定式都带 to 但当主语部分有实义动词 do 时 to 可以省略 eg The only thing we can do now is wait and see 3 作宾语 The cat said Remember not to take it next time a 可以直接用不定式作宾语的动词很多 常见的有 agree afford tend ask decide determine expect fail hope learn intend manage offer plan promise refuse want wish 等 2005 年天津卷 12 题 I don t want like I m speaking ill of anybody but the manager s plan is unfair A to sound B to be sounded C sounding D to have sounded 当不定式短语比宾补长时 往往将不定式放到宾补后 而用先行代词 it 作形式宾语 常用动 词有 feel think find believe consider make 等 2 The cat felt it terrible to take roller coaster b 不定式一般不作介词的宾语 只有少数介词如 but except 等后面可以跟不定式作宾语 一 般情况下作介词宾语的不定式都带 to 如果 but 或 except 所在句子里的谓语动词都是实义动 词 do does did 时 通常省略 to Eg We have no choice but to wait Cf We can do nothing but wait 4 宾语补足语 在 SVOC 句型中 许多动词都可以按不定式作宾语补足语 a 通常作宾语补语的不定式要带 to 常用于以下动词之后 ask tell advise allow enable expect force get like order teach want invite wish beg 等 You should get them to help you 但在谓语动词 believe find think feel consider suppose imagine prove 等后面跟 to be 作宾 补 不跟 to do eg They believe him to be honest b 以下两类动词后跟不定式作宾补时不能带 to 一些表示 致使 意义的动词 如 let have make 等 一些表示感觉的动词 如 hear feel see watch notice 等 Don t let the children trouble you I heard someone open the door 但当这两类动词为被动态时 不定式就成了主补 作主补的不定式必须加上 to His father made him go to bed early He was made to go to bed early by his father 5 作定语 不定式可以在句子充当后置定语 修饰名词 以下几类情况常用不定式作定语 能带不定式作宾语的动词 其同源名词可以带不定式作定语 常见的有 attempt decision promise plan 等 eg He hasn t kept his promise to write to his parents regularly 常与不定式搭配的形容词 其同源名词一般可以用不定式作定语 常见的有 ability determination anxiety eagerness 等 3 eg His eagerness to finish his homework was quite clear 序数词形容词最高级或被 only last next 等修饰的名词可以用不定式作定语 She was the only person to survive after the earthquake Tips 不定式在作定语时 有时与被修饰的名词有意义上的主谓关系 同位关系 动宾关系 如果该不定式是不及物动词 它后面需要加上适当介词 Eg He s always the first to come and the last to leave 主谓关系 I ve no time to listen to your excuse 同位关系 She has a meeting to attend 动宾关系 attend a meeting There s nothing to worry about 动宾关系 worry about nothing 6 作状语 不定式可以作状语 表示目的 结果 原因 条件等 to in order to so as to 不能放在句首 作目的状语 2005 年辽宁卷 22 题 All these gifts must be mailed immediately in time for Christmas A in order to have received B in order to receive C so as to be received D so as to be receiving 在 so as to such as to only to 结构中不定式作结果状语 其中 only to 用于表示意想不 到的结果 He hurried to the station only to find the train had gone enough to too to 结构 eg The boy isn t old enough to go to school The boy is too young to go to school 形容词 happy glad lucky fortunate surprised angry anxious ready quick slow cruel clever 等 不定式结构 eg I m glad to meet you The question is different to answer He is hard to get along with 7 作插入语 用来说明说话人的态度 看法 对整个句子进行解释 如 to be frank 坦白地 说 to be sure 确实 等 Eg To tell you the truth I hate you 8 作同位语 4 eg The order to start the general attack soon came 不定式的复合结构 以 it 为形式主语或形式宾语引导的复合结构 如果其前的形容词是指行 为的性质就用 for sb to do sth 这种复合结构在句中可作主语 表语 宾语 定语 状语等 It is necessary for me to learn English well 如果该形容词是指行为的性质 同时又指行为的人 则用 of sb to do sth 这种句式中的常 用形容词有 right wrong brave careful careless clever wise stupid cruel foolish good honest kind nice silly 等 eg It s very kind of you to come to see me 连接代 副 词 不定式 包括 whether what which whom where when how 不包括 why 在句中起名词的作用 通常跟在诸如 tell know show decide learn wonder explain 等动词后 作宾 主语或表语 Eg No one can tell me where to find John When to the exam is still unknown The problem is how to get enough money 不定式的进行式 完成式和被动式 不定式的进行式由 to be V ing 构成 用来表示谓语动词动作发生时 不定式的动作正在 进行 Eg Some students pretended to be reading English when the teacher came in 不定式完成式由 to have V ed 构成 用来表示动作发生在谓语动作之前 Eg 2005 年江苏卷 No 25 Is Bob still performing I m afraid not He is said the stage already as he has become an official A to have left B to leave C to have been D to be left 答案是 A 不定式的被动式分为一般式被动 to be V ing 和完成式被动 to have been V ed 当不定 式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时 不定式要用被动语态 Eg It is an honour for me to be invited to the party The book is said to have been translated into many languages 2005 年辽宁卷 No 22 5 All these gifts must be mailed immediately in time for Christmas A in order to have received B in order to receive C so as to be received D so as to be receiving 动名词 1 动名词的句法功能 动名词由动词加 ing 构成 与现在分词的形式相同 动名词主要起名 词作用 在句中担任主语 表语 宾语和定语 作主语 可以直接放在句首 也可以用先行代词 it 作为形式主语 而把动名词后置 eg Seeing is believing 眼见为实 Saying is easier than doing Collecting stamps is a good hobby 单个动名词短语作主语时 动词用单数 动名词作主语还有以下两个习惯表答法 It is no use good 动名词 做某事没有用 Eg It s no use crying over spilt milk 覆水难收 There is no 动名词 It is impossible to do sth Eg There is no knowing what may happen 未来的事无法知道 作表语 通常是说明主语的内容 注意它与谓语动词进行时的区别 eg His hobby is collecting stamps 此句为 SVC 结构 可改为 Collecting stamps is his hobby Cf He is collecting stamps is collecting 是谓语动词进行时 此句为 SVO 结构 不能改为 Collecting stamps is he 作宾语 A 作及物动词 的宾语 enjoy mind finish appreciate avoid consider delay escape pratise suggest keep on miss eg 2005 年上海卷 No 32 He got well prepared for the job interview for he couldn t risk the good opportunity A to lose B losing C to be lost D being lost 答案为 B 有些动词 attempt begin continue hate like love 后面既可以接不定式作宾语 也可以接动 名词作宾语 意义差别不大 通常认为用动名词泛指一般的倾向性 用不定式则表示特定或 具体某一种动作 6 Eg I like swimming but I don t like to swim in winter 动词 prefer 后面接不定式作宾语时 句子结构与按动名词作宾语是不一样 eg I prefer to drive rather than to be driven I prefer driving to riding 有些动词 如 forget remember regret 等 后面接动名词表示的动作先于谓语动词动作 不 定式表示的动作后于谓语动词 Eg 2005 年北京卷 No 30 When asked by police he said that he remembered at he party but not A to arrive leaving B to arrive to leave C arriving leaving D arriving to leave 在下列句型中动名词作真正宾语 动词 it 形式宾语 宾补 动名词 真正宾语 eg I think it no use telling them We think it no good inviting to him B 作介词的宾语 Eg 2005 年浙江卷 No 3 The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour his notes A bringing up B referring to C looking for D trying on be used to doing 习惯于做 look forward to doing 盼望做 devote one s life to doing 致力于做 spent time in doing 花时间做 be fond of doing 喜爱做 be good at doing 擅长做 be proud of doing 为做 而自豪 be tired of doing 对做 感到厌倦 feel like doing 欲想做 go on doing 继续做 原来的事 keep on doing 不停地做 what about doing 做 怎么样 think of doing 考虑做 be interested in doing 对做 感兴趣 have some difficulty trouble in doing 做 某事有困难 be busy in doing 忙于做 instead of doing 做 而不做 eg 2005 年江苏卷 No 23 Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and jokes A turning up B putting up C making up D showing up 答案为 C 作定语 动名词可作前置定语 表示所修饰的词的用途或目的 可用 for 改写 而现在分词作定语时 可用定语从句改写 7 swimm