2012届高考英语二轮专题复习 语法六、动词时态和语态

用心 爱心 专心 1 20122012 届高考英语二轮专题复习精品语法六 动词时态和语态届高考英语二轮专题复习精品语法六 动词时态和语态 诊断与对策诊断与对策 用括号中所给动词的正确时态和语态填空 Since 1984 Philadelphia clean up its act One by one graffiti covered walls change into outdoor art So far more than 1 800 murals 壁画 paint 2011 大纲全国卷 阅读 A 2 You look so young Haven t you graduated from your university Yes I study in the English Department of Shandong University for four years 3 The government announced that six highways build by the end of last year 4 You ve failed to do what you expect to and I m afraid the teacher will blame you 单项填空 1 Did you tell Julia about the result Oh no I forgot I her now A will be calling B will call C call D am to tell 解析 从上下文语境判断 call 应是发生在将 来的动作 用将来时 2 On her next birthday Ann married for twenty years 2011 天津 4 A is B has been C will be D will have been 解析 表示 到将来某一时刻将完成的动作或状态用将来完成时 3 Attention please The plane to London off at 9 00 A take B takes C took D has taken 解析 句意为 请注意 去往伦敦的飞机 9 00 起飞 表示位置移动的动词 其现在时和进 行时都可以表示将来 如果表示的动作根据安排难以更改的话 一般用一般现在时 4 As a result of the serious flood two thirds of the buildings in the area A need repairing B needs to repair C needs repairing D need to repair 用心 爱心 专心 2 解析 句意为 由于严重的洪涝 这个地区三分之二的建筑需要维修 分数 of 作主 语 谓语动词的形式与 of 后的名词一致 need want require 作 需要 讲时 后接不定 式的被动式或动名词的主动式 其意义相同 5 The water cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise A was felt B is felt C felt D feels 解析 句意为 我跳入水池中晨练时 觉得水很凉 此处 feel 意为 感觉起来 是连 系动词 没有被动语态 再根据后面的 jumped 可知 只有 C 项正确 备考策略 1 掌握基本用法 注意被动语态 高考对于时态的考查 主要集中在大纲要求的八种时态和用法上 即 一般现在时 一般过 去时 一般将来时 现在进行时 过去进行时 过去将来时 现在完成时 过去完成时 对 于语态的考查主要集中在 主动形式表示被动意义 被动语态与系表结构的区别 时态和语 态的综合考查 做题时既要全面地从整体上理解时态的统一性 又要注重语态逻辑的吻合性 既要定 时 即确定事情发生的时间 过去 现在还是将来 也要定语态 2 比较时态区别 注意信息提示 高考对时态考查的设问角度多以中学生普遍感到困惑的几组时态相互干扰 如一般过去时和 现在完成时 一般过去时和过去完成时 过去完成时与现在完成时的相互区别 而且在考查 中越来越强化语境 很多对时态的考查都出现在对话中 3 体会真实语境 分清动作先后 高考对时态的考查不再是单纯语法规则的死记硬背 而是更注重对语法知识的具体运用 即 将语法知识置于一定的语境中 要求考生在实际语言环境中选择一个最佳选项 做题时应树 立全局观念 要认真读题干 根据提供的语境 挖掘题中隐含的信息 从而找到解题的突破 口 考点与考题 考点一 一般将来时的几种常用结构的区别 1 will shall 动词原形 表示客观上势必会发生的事情 或者指没有经过计划临时做出 的打算 2 be going to do 既可指主观打算也可指客观迹象表示将要发生 3 be doing 常用来指安排好要做的事情 并且很少变更 常用于此结构的主要是一些短暂性 的动词 如 come go leave start begin run 等 4 be to do 表示计划中约定的或按职责 义务或要求必须去做的事情或即将发生的动作而且 必须是人能决定的动作才能用 be to do 来表示 5 be about to do 表示客观上马上要发生的事情 一般不与具体的时间状语连用 1 Look at his pale face I think he is to faint 改错 is to is going to 2 We are about to discuss the report next Saturday 改错 去掉 about 考题印证 1 No one this building without the permission of the security guard 用心 爱心 专心 3 A is to enter B enters C is going to enter D will enter 解析 句意为 没有保安的许可 任何人不能进入这栋楼 此处 be to do 表示一种命令或 要求 且主语是 no one 谓语动词要用单数形式 其他选项没有这种用法 2 Ann is in hospital Oh really I know I go and visit her A didn t am going to B don t would C don t will D didn t will 解析 句意为 安住院了 真的吗 我还不知道呢 我要去看看她 不知道安住 院 是发生在说话之前的事 故第一空用一般过去时 要去看安 是临时决定要做的事 故用 will 表示一般将来时 be going to 表示说话前已计划过的意图或打算 3 In the near future more advances in the robot technology by scientists 2011 湖南 34 A are making B are made C will make D will be made 解析 从时间状语 in the near future 可知 句子应用一般将来时 且 technology 和 make 之间是被动关系 故答案为 D 考点二 易用错时态的几个常用句式 1 It is has been 一段时间 since 从句 中 since 从句用一般过去时 如果 is has 改为 was had 则 since 从句用过去完成时 2 It is the first second time that 从句 that 从句一般用现在完成时 如果 is 改为 was 则 that 从句用过去完成时 3 hardly scarcely when 和 no sooner than 表示 还未来得及 就 或 一 就 主句常用过去完成时 when 和 than 引导的从句常用一般过去时 4 祈使句 and or 简单句 中 简单句使用一般将来时 5 by the time that 从句 中 that 从句若为一般现在时 主句常用将来完成时 that 从句用一般过去时 主句用过去完成时 6 It is will be 时间段 before 从句 中 before 从句用一般现在时 1 约翰回到家时 他妈妈将已经赶往上海去开会了 翻译 By the time John gets home his mother will have left for Shanghai to attend a meeting 2 咱们切入正题吧 否则永远不会作出决定 翻译 Let s keep to the point or we will never reach any decisions 考题印证 用心 爱心 专心 4 1 That s the third time he the award in this field Yes He his maximum potential in the past decade A won explored B has won is exploring C has won has been exploring D had won had explored 解析 It This That is the first second time that 从句 为固定句型 在 that 从句中 常用现在完成时 从第二句话中的 in the past decade 可知第二空应该用现在完 成进行时态 2 Tommy is planning to buy a car I know By next month he enough for a used one 2011 江苏 23 A saves B saved C will save D will have saved 解析 从 by next month 可判断句子用将来时 到下个月将要完成的动作用将来完成时 3 As is reported it is 100 years Qinghua University was founded 2011 四川 6 A when B before C after D since 解析 句意为 据报道 清华大学建校已经一百年了 考查固定句型 It is has been 一 段时间 since 从句 意为 自从 以来多久了 考点三 未曾实现的愿望及打算的表达 1 should like to would like to would love to 完成式 表示主语过去希望做但未做到的事 I should like to have climbed the mountain with her 当时我真想和她一起去爬那座山 2 was were doing sth 表示主语过去未曾实现的安排或打算 We were planning to spend part of the winter vacation together but now I don t think I want to invite him home 我们本来计划一起度过部分寒假的 但现在我觉得不想 请他来我家了 3 was were going 不定式的一般式 表示一种主语过去未曾实现的打算或计划 意为 本 打算 本想 I was going to play volleyball on Monday but I can t now 我本想星期一去打排球的 但现在不可能了 4 was were 不定式的完成式 表示未完成的打算 计划或安排 含有 本来打算 之 意 He was to have bought a colour TV set but he had not enough money 用心 爱心 专心 5 他本来打算买一台彩色电视机的 但钱不够 5 英语中表示愿望的动词如 expect intend hope wish mean plan promise suppose think want 等用过去完 成式后接不定式的一般式 或后接宾语从句 或这类词的过去式后接不定式的完成式 表示未 曾实现的愿望或打算 I had intended to come intended to have come over to see you last night but someone called and I couldn t get away 昨晚我本来打算过来看你的 可有人来找我 我走不了 我本想帮你 但我当时太忙了 一句多译 I thought to have helped you I had thought to help you but I was too busy then I was to have helped you but I was too busy then I would like to have helped you but I was too busy then 考题印证考题印证 1 I to watch the football match yesterday but I couldn t get a ticket A would hope B had hoped C was hoping D hoped 解析 had hoped to do hoped to have done 表示 本希望 但实际上未实现 2 Have you seen the movie 2012 It s quite thrilling No I to buy a ticket but it cats and dogs A have intended was raining B intended had rained C have intended rained D had intended was raining 解析 第一空表示 本打算干而事实上没干 应用 had intended to do 或 intended to have done 第二空表示过去的一个事实 当时正在下倾盆大雨 应用过去进行时 故 D 项 正确 3 Alice why didn t you come yesterday I But I had an unexpected visitor A had B would C was going to D did 解析 考查 was were going to 动词原形 表示一种过去未曾实现的打算或计划 意为 本打算 本想 所以 C 为正确答案 选项 D 与后文 But I had an unexpected visitor 相矛盾 4 I ve got to go now Must you I you could stay for dinner with us A think B had thought C have thought D am thinking 解析 had thought 从句 或不定式的一般式 表示 本认为 想 考点四考点四 主动形式表示被动意义的几种情况主动形式表示被动意义的几种情况 1 某些系动词 如 look sound become get keep taste feel prove appear 等用 主动形式表示被动意义 2 某些表示主语内在品质或性能的不及物动词 如 shut open sell read write cut wash 等可用主动形式表示被动意义 这类词后常跟 一个 well easily 等副词 3 有些介词短语作表语 其主动形式表示被动意义 4 表示 需要 意义的 need want require 等词后接动名词的主动式表示被动意义 5 某些表示 发生 的不及物动词 短语 如 happen take place occur 等无被动语态 用心 爱心 专心 6 用主动形式表示被动意义 1 我市发生了巨大变化 许多新工厂建了起来 翻译 Great changes have taken place in our city and a lot of new factories have been set up 2 这个问题正在讨论中 翻译 The question is under discussion is being discussed 考题印证考题印证 1 How did you like his speech Oh it was very good What he said like poetry A sounded B sound C was sounded D is sounded 解析 did was said 用了过去时 决定了 sound 要用过去时 又因 sound 在此为表示状态 特征的连系动词 用主动形式表示被动意义 故选 A 2 I want to buy that jacket because I the cloth well A have told washes B have been told washes C was told washed D have been told is washed 解析 句中 I 和 tell 之间是被动关系 且动作已经发生 故用现在完成时的被动语 态 动词 wash 常用其主动形式表示被动意义 故答案为 B 3 Your room needs Would you like me it for you A to clean to do B cleaning to do C to be cleaned doing D being cleaned doing 解析 need doing need to be done would like sb to do 想要某人做 固定 搭配 题点与题组 命题点 准确确定谓语动词的时态 1 Planning so far ahead no sense so many things will have changed by next year A made B is making C makes D has made 解析 本题由两个简单句构成 解决该题的关键是对前句进行正确的结构分析 前句中的 so far ahead 只是用来修饰主语 planning 而不修饰谓语动词 make 整个前句表达的只是客观 事实 故应使用一般现在时 2 Experiments of this ki