2011-2012学年高中英语 Unit 3 of Module I Celebration Period Three（Grammar）素材 北师大版必修1VIP

2011 20122011 2012 学年高一英语必修学年高一英语必修 1 1 北师大版 素材 北师大版 素材 UnitUnit 3 3 ofof ModuleModule I I CelebrationCelebration PeriodPeriod ThreeThree GrammarGrammar 一 教学内容 Unit 3 of Module I Celebration Period Three Grammar 二 本周目标与要求 1 主动语态和被动语态的结构和用法 2 被动语态的一些特殊用法 主动表被动 被动表主动等 3 情态动词的用法 三 本周语法讲解 动词的语态 1 语态 语态也是动词的一种形式 英语有两种语态 主动语态和被动语态 主动语态表示主语 是动作的执行者 而被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者 1 We use electricity to run machines 主动语态 2 Electricity is used to run machines 被动语态 2 被动语态的时态形式 被动语态由 助动词 be 及物动词的过去分词 构成 人称 数和时态的变化是通过 be 的变化表现出来的 歌诀 被动语态 be 字变 过去分词跟后面 常用的被动语态有下列几种时态形式 时间一般时进行时完成时 现在 am is are askedam is are being asked have has been done 过去 was were be askedwas were being asked had been done 将来 will shall be asked 过去将来 should would be asked 3 被动语态的基本用法 1 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁 例如 Some new computers were stolen last night 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了 不知道电 脑是谁偷的 This book was published in 1981 这本书出版于 1981 年 2 强调动作的承受者 而不强调动作的执行者 例如 The window was broken by Mike 窗户是迈克打破的 This book was written by him 这本书是他写的 Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed 每天 8 小时睡眠必须得到保证 歌诀 谁做的动作不知道 说出谁做的没有必要 动作承受者需强调 被动语态运用到 4 主动语态变被动语态的方法 1 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语 2 把谓语变成被动结构 be 过去分词 根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数 以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定 be 的形式 3 把主动语态中的主语放在介词 by 之后作宾语 将主格改为宾格 例如 All the people laughed at him He was laughed at by all the people They make the bikes in the factory The bikes are made by them in the factory 歌诀 宾变主 主变宾 by 短语后面跟 谓语动词变被动 be 后 过分 来使用 5 含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时 由 情态动词 be 过去分词 构成 原来带 to 的情态动词变成被动语态后 to 仍要保留 歌诀 情态动词变被动 情态加 be 加 过分 如若情态后带 to 变后有 to 才算数 例如 We can repair this watch in two days This watch can be repaired in two days You ought to take it away It ought to be taken away 6 被动语态的一些特殊用法 1 短语动词的被动语态 短语动词转换为被动语态时 通常被看作是一个动词 后面的介词或副词不能拆开或省 略 例如 So far no correct conclusion has arrived at All the rubbish should be got rid of 2 get ed 分词 的被动语态 get ed 分词 结构强调动作的结果 而非动作本身 常用来表示突发性的 出乎 意料的偶然事件 例如 The boy got hurt on his way home from work 另外 get ed 分词 还可用于谈论为自己做的事 是主动的行为而不是被动的行为 例如 get dressed 穿衣服 get divorced 离婚 get engaged 订婚 get confused 迷惑不解 get lost 迷路 get washed 洗脸 get married 结婚 3 能带两个宾语和复合宾语的动词改为被动语态 能带两个宾语的动词改为被动语态时 一次只能由一个宾语作主语 另一个宾语被保 留下来 例如 We showed the visitors our new products 主动语态 The visitors were shown our new products 被动语态 Our new products were shown to the visitors 被动语态 能带复合宾语的动词改为被动语态时 原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语 例如 The teacher appointed him League secretary 主动语态 He was appointed League secretary 被动语态 4 被动语态与系表结构的区别 The novel was well written 系表结构 The novel was written by Diskens 被动语态 5 主动形式表示被动意义 少数动词的主动语态有时有被动的意思 wash 洗起来 clean 擦起来 cook iron look cut sell read 读起来 wear feel draw write 写起来 drive 例如 The book is selling remarkably well The song sounds very beautiful My watch needs cleaning My watch needs to be cleaned 能像 need 这样用的动词还有 want require deserve do owe 等 例如 The meat is cooking The book written by the professor is printing blame let 出租 remain keep rent build I was to blame for the accident Much work remains 在 need require want worth 形容词 deserve 后的动名词必须用主动形式 The door needs repairing The door needs to be repaired This room needs cleaning 这房间应该打扫一下 This book is worth reading 这本书值得一读 6 被动形式表示主动意义 在这些短语结构中 be determined be pleased be graduated from be finished be prepared for be occupied in get married 例如 He is graduated from a famous university 他毕业于一所有名的大学 注意 表示同某人结婚 用 marry sb 或 get married to sb 都可 He married a rich girl He got married to a rich girl 7 习惯表达 如这些 believe consider declare expect feel report say see suppose think understand It is said that 据说It is reported that 据报道 It is believed that 大家相信It is hoped that 大家希望 It is well known that 众所周知 It is thought that 大家认为 It is suggested that 据建议 It is taken granted that 被视为当然 It has been decided that 大家决定 It must be remembered that 务必记住的是 It is said that she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday They say she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday 8 使用被动语态应受哪些限制 英语和汉语一样 其动作都有主动和被动之分 汉语中不是所有的动词都可采用被动结 构 同样道理 英语中也有不少动词不能用于被动结构 即被动语态 英语中 除不及物动 词不能用于被动语态外 还有下列情况不能使用被动语态的结构 感官动词 系动词 表示状态和特征的及物动词 表示所属关系的静态动词 含有容 纳 适合等意思的及物动词也不能用于被动语态 如 sound look become appear belong contain cost fit have resemble suit die escape fall happen last remain succeed occur come true take place consist of 例如 She has a nice car The woolen coat fits her well Miss Li became a doctor ten years ago This plan sounds a good one Great changes have taken place in my hometown since 1949 This car belongs to my uncle 宾语是动词不定式 动名词 例如 They promised me to go with me I enjoy listening to pop music 宾语是反身代词 例如 She hurt herself this morning They warned themselves to be careful 宾语是人身上的一部分或器官 例如 He put his hand on his chest and began to cough I could hardly believe my ears 宾语是相互代词 例如 They help each other in study We must learn from each other 表示地点 处所 机构 团体 组织的名词作宾语 例如 She joined the Party last year My dad reached Beijing this afternoon 宾语表示行为 方式 在意义上相当于状语 例如 She did her best We shall make up our minds 宾语表示数量 重量 长度 大小等 在意义上相当于状语 例如 They walked two miles The film lasted one and a half hours This desk weighs 10 kilograms 及物动词及其宾语在意义上构成不可分割的固定词组 例如 I made faces to have the baby laugh We should never lose heart 一些宾语从句也不能变成被动语态 否则意义就变了 例如 I knew that I was wrong then 我认识到当时我错了 It was known that I was wrong then I was known to be wrong then 人们知道当时我错了 当宾语是抽象名词时 例如 We showed special interest in science 当宾语为同源宾语时 例如 We lived a hard life in the old days 总之 能否用被动语态 除了应了解英语的一些语法规则之外 还要充分考虑汉语的说 话习惯 掌握其普通规律 同时注意一些特殊情况 否则就会出现 中国式英语 也没法 学到 地道的英语 典型例题典型例题 1 There s no light on they be at home 2006 全国 24 A can t B mustn t C needn t D shouldn t 思路分析 思路分析 can t 不可能 表推测 根据前句语意提示可知应选 A 项 mustn t 表示 禁止 不要 needn t 不必 没有必要 shouldn t 不应该 答案 答案 A 2 You be tired You ve only been working for an hour 2004 全国 29 A must not B won t C can tD may not 思路分析 思路分析 根据下文 只工作了一小时 意为不会累 所以用 can not be tired 表示 推测 不可能累 mustn t 表示 禁止 不要 won t 将不 may not 不可以 答案 答案 C 3 This is Ted s photo We miss him very much He in the earthquake A killed B is killed C was killedD was killing 思路分析 思路分析 照片中的人物在地震中被夺去了生命 他被杀死 显然这种行为发生在过去 所以应该用过去时态的被动语态 答案 答案 C 4 Black holes not be seen directly so determining the number of them is a rough task A can B should C must D need 思路分析 思路分析 考查情态动词的基本用法 题干表示的是 人们无法 不能 直接看到黑洞 所以确定黑洞的数量是一件很难的任务 故选 A 项 can not 不能 should not 不应该 must not 一定不要 need not 不必 没有必要 答案 答案 A 5 You know he is not going to let us leave if we get the work done 2006 上海 26 A can t B may not C shouldn t D mustn t 思路分析 思路分析 can 表示能力 意思是 能够 指有能力做某事 may 表示 可以 may not 不可以 shouldn t 表示 不应该 mustn t 表示 禁止 不要 答案 答案 A 6 Must he come to sign this paper himself 2006 广东省 22 Yes he A need B must C may D will 思路分析 思路分析 考查情态动词 must 的肯定答语为 Yes he must must 表 必须 时的否 定答语为 needn t 表猜测时的否定形式为 can t 答案 答案 B 7 The hero s story differently in the newspaper A is being reported B is reporting C reports D has reported 思路分析 思路分析 英雄的故事和报道之间是一种被动关系 所以首先应该锁定被动语态 本题 只有 A 符合条件 其余都是主动形式 答案 答案 A 8 Could I have a word with you mum 2006 浙江 9 Oh dear if you A can B must C may D should 思路分析 思路分析 must 表示 一定要 是一种主观意愿 can 表示有能力 may 表可能 should 表示应该 由于想和妈妈说话 所以用 must 答案 答案 B 9 May I smoke here 2006 山东 30 If you choose a seat in the smoking section A should B could C may D must 思路分析 思路分析 本题要根据前后句的关系来判断 问句 我能在这抽烟吗 如果你一 定要抽 应该坐在抽烟区 答案 答案 D 10 Lucy doesn t mind lending you her dictionary 2005 湖南 24 She I ve already borrowed one A can t B mustn t C needn t D wouldn t 思路分析 思路分析 needn t 表示 没有必要 根据提供的情景 I ve already borrowed one 可判断出没有必要再借字典 答案 答案 C 模拟试题模拟试题 答题时间 30 分钟 一 选择 1 Isn t that Ann s husband over there No it be him I m sure he doesn t wear glasses A can t B must not C won t D may not 2 You be tired you have worked for more than 8 hours A must B have to C can t D may not 3 I often see lights in that empty house Do you think I report it to the police A should B may C will D can 4 The dictionary to my English teacher now A is belonging B is belonged C belonged D belongs 5 Maybe you have been to many countries but nowhere else such a beautiful palace A can you find B you could findC you can find D could you find 6 Every coin has two sides Beautiful songs sometimes be just noise to others A must B would C may D should 7 Something was wrong with the car it not start A could B would C mightD should 8 I m thinking of losing weight these days Oh you be out of your mind You re but 45 kilos A will B should C may D must 9 All the employees except the manager to work online 在线工作 at home A encourages B encourage C is encouraged D are encouraged 10 Why is Jenny still standing there It s so cold She for someone A can wait B might C use be waitingD should have waited 二 综合阅读 If the world were a village of 1 000 people it would include 584 Asians 124 Africans 95 Eastern and Western Europeans 84 Latin Americans 55 former Soviets 前苏联 52 North Americans 6 Australians and New Zealanders The people of the village would speak 165 Mandarin 普通话 86 English 83 Hindu Urdu 64 Spanish 58 Russian 37 Arabic The above list covers the mother tongues of only half the village One third of the people in the village are children and only 60 are over the age of 65 Just under half of the married women in the village have access to modem equipments This year 28 babies will be born Ten people will die 3 of them for lack of food 1 from cancer Two of the deaths will be of babies born within the year With the 28 births and 10 deaths the population of the village next year will be 1 018 In this village of 1 000 persons 200 people receive 75 percent of the income another 200 receive only 2 percent of the income About one third have access to clean safe drinking water Of the 670 adults in the village half can not read nor write The village has a total yearly budget 预算 public and private of over 3 million 3 000 per person if it is distributed evenly 平均分配 Of the total 3 million 181 000 goes to weapons and warfare 武器和福利 159 000 to education 132 000 to health care These weapons are under the control of just 100 of the people The other 900 are watching them with deep anxiety 焦急 wondering whether they can learn to get along together 1 Which of the following is true about Mandarin according to the text A Nearly one third of Asian people speak Mandarin in the village B About 8 25 per cent of the people speak Mandarin in the village C About 16 5 per cent of the people speak Mandarin in the village D Nearly all the Mandarin speaking people are from Asia in the village 2 Which of the following problems is NOT mentioned in the text A Poverty B Education C Environment D Marriage 3 The underlined part have access to in Para 4 means A use B buy C produce D try 4 The last sentence in the text implies 暗示 that most of the people long for A a peaceful world B good education C better health care D a life without anxiety 5 The language that the fewest people of