2012高考英语语法金点拨 名词性从句

1 20122012 高考英语语法金点拨 高考英语语法金点拨 名名词词性性从从句句 名词性从句名词性从句 即指性质相当于名词的从句 它包括主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句和同位语 从句 一 引导名词性从句的连接词一 引导名词性从句的连接词 连接代词连接代词 who whom whose what which whoever whatever whichever 连接副词连接副词 when where how why whenever wherever however 连接词连接词 whether if 是否 不充当句子的任何成分 that 只能起连接主句和从句的作用 不充当从句的任何成分 无词义 二 名词从句的分类二 名词从句的分类 1 1 主语从句主语从句 用作主语的从句叫主语从句 用作主语的从句叫主语从句 That she likes such kind of films is very interesting Whether he will come remains a question What she is doing is none of your business Whoever comes will be welcome Where he has been is still a puzzle However you do it is all right with me 2 2 表语从句 表语从句 表语从句在句中作表语 它位于主句的系动词之后表语从句在句中作表语 它位于主句的系动词之后 The problem is that smokers cannot go without smoking 问题是抽烟的人不抽烟就会 感到难受 The question is whether it is worth doing 问题是这是否值得做 China is no longer what it used to be 中国已不是从前那个样子了 This is where he has worked for years 这就是他多年工作的地方 3 3 宾语从句 宾语从句 在在句句中中可可以以作作谓谓语语动动词词或或介介词词或或某某些些形形容容词词的的宾宾语语 They know that the habit may kill them They doubt whether or not Jack is a good student The teacher is satisfied with what she has said I m glad that I can go with you 4 4 同位语从句同位语从句 同同位位语语从从句句说说明明其其前前面面的的名名词词的的具具体体内内容容 可用于同位语从句的名词有 advice fact demand doubt hope idea information message news orde r problem promise question request suggestion truth wish word 等 The news that we won the game is exciting I have no idea when he will come back home Word came that our football team had won the match 三 名词性从句中应注意的名词性从句中应注意的点点 主主语语从从句句 1 1 有有时时用用形形式式主主语语 i it t 代代替替主主语语从从句句作作形形式式主主语语放放于于句句首首 而而把把主主语语从从句句置置于于句句末末 常常 用用句句型型如如下下 1 It is 名词 that 名词 a pity no wonder a pleasure eg It is a pity that my new computer doesn t work 2 It is 形容词 that 形容词若是 strange necessary important natural 主语从句得用虚拟语气 should V eg It s necessary that you complete the design before National Day 3 It is 过去分词 that 常用动词 report say tell believe think 2 eg It s said that the sports meet will be put off 4 It 不及物动词 that eg I It t o oc cc cu ur rr re ed d t to o m me e that I had told him the news 我突然想起来我突然想起来我已经告诉他 这个消息了 2 2 使用主语从句应注意 使用主语从句应注意 1 从句作主语 谓语常用单数 但以 what 开始的主语从句 如后面的表语为复数时 谓 语也用复数 eg What he wants to buy are three books and two ballpens What he wanted to see was an end to all the armies of the world 2 that 从句位于句首时 that 绝对不能省略 That we are invited to the concert is good newws to us 3 It3 It 作形式主语和引导强调句的比较作形式主语和引导强调句的比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句 主要是为了平衡句子结构 主语从句的连接词没有变化 而 it 引导的强调句则是强调句子某一部分 无论强调的是什么成分 都可用连词 that 被强 调部分指人时也可用 who whom eg a It is a pity that you didn t go to see the film 你不去看那场电影真可惜 b It doesn t interest me whether you succeed or not 我对你成功与否不感兴 趣 c It is in the morning that the murder took place 谋杀案是在早上发生的 强调句型 d It is John that broke the window 是 John 打碎的窗户 强调句型 宾宾语语从从句句 1 1 连连接接词词 t th ha at t 引引导导的的宾宾语语从从句句 若主句动词后有两个或以上的宾语从句 除第一个若主句动词后有两个或以上的宾语从句 除第一个 thatthat 外 其余均不可省 外 其余均不可省 eg I forgot that my papers was due on Tuesday and that my teacher had said he would not accept late papers 2 2 在在 d de em ma an nd d o or rd de er r s su ug gg ge es st t d de ec ci id de e i in ns si is st t d de es si ir re e r re eq qu ue es st t c co om mm ma an nd d 等等表表 示示要要求求 命命令令 建建议议 决决定定等等意意义义的的动动词词后后 宾宾语语从从句句常常用用 s sh ho ou ul ld d 动动词词原原 形形 Eg I insist that she should do her work alone 我坚持要她自己工作 3 3 注注意意宾宾语语从从句句中中的的时时态态呼呼应应 1 当主句动词是现在时 从句根据自身的句子情况 而使用不同时态 eg He studies English every day 从句用一般现在时 eg He studied English last term 从句用一般过去时 eg He know that he will study English next year 从句用一般将来时 eg He has studied English since 1998 从句用现在完成时 2 当主句动词是过去时态 从句则要用相应的过去时态 如一般过去时 过去进行时 过去将来时等 当从句表示的是客观真理 科学原理 自然现象 则从句仍用现在时态 eg The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America She told me that the earth turns around the sun 表表语语从从句句 1 1 表语从句的表现形式除了用从属连词 连接代词和连接副词引导以外 还可用表语从句的表现形式除了用从属连词 连接代词和连接副词引导以外 还可用 as as asas 3 ifif asas thoughthough Things were not as they seemed It looks as if it is going to rain 2 2 另外还要注意以下常用的两种结构另外还要注意以下常用的两种结构 TheThe reasonreason why iswhy is thatthat eg The reason why he was fired is that he didn t work hard ThatThat isis because because He was late for school yesterday That is because he was ill because because 说明理由说明理由 ThatThat isis why why He was ill That is why he was late for school 前面说明理由 前面说明理由 whywhy 引导从句表结果引导从句表结果 同同位位语语从从句句 1 1 凡表示凡表示 请示 建议 命令请示 建议 命令 等动词的相应的名词引导的同位语从句 均用等动词的相应的名词引导的同位语从句 均用 should should V V 原形如 原形如 order order advice advice suggestion suggestion demand demand proposal proposal eg The suggestion that he should not go there is of great value 2 2 同同位位语语从从句句和和定定语语从从句句的的区区别别 1 定语从句中的 that 既代替先行词 同时以在从句中作某个成分 主语或宾语 而同位 语从句中的 that 是连词 只起连接主句与从句的作用 不充当句中任何成分 2 定语从句是形容词性的 其功能是修饰先行词 对先行词加以限定 描述定的性质或特 征 同位语从句是名词性的 其功能是对名词进行补充说明 eg The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year 他告诉我的 消息是汤姆明年将出国 第一个 that 引导的从句是定语从句 that 在从句中作宾语 The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him 汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的 同位语从句 that 在句中不作任何成分 四 四 名词性从句中应注意的名词性从句中应注意的其其它它情情况况 1 1 whetherwhether 与与 ifif 的区别的区别 1 在宾语从句中可互换 eg I don t know whether if he will come this evening 2 在表语 同位语从句中只能用 whether The question is whether the film is worth seeing 3 在主语从句中 只有用 it 作形式主语时 whether if 都能引导主语从句 而 if 引导的 主语从句只能放在句尾 否则也只能用 whether Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn t been decided It is not sure if he will succeed 4 在介词后只用 whetherI haven t settled the question of whether I ll go back hpme 5 直接跟动词不定式时也只用 whether eg He doesn t know whether to stay or not 6 后面紧跟 or not 只用 whether eg Whether you like it or not you must do it well We didn t know whether or not she was ready 7 某些动词后 discuss depend 只用 whether eg It all depends on whether they will support us We must discuss whether he will be allowed come here 2 2 名词性从句的语序名词性从句的语序 不管什么词引导 从句的语序始终用陈述语序 Eg I don t know why he was crying 我不知道她为什么哭 4 The question is why there is little rain here 问题是这里为什么雨水少 3 Who3 Who whoever whoever whatwhat whateverwhatever 等的用