英语动词练习!

1 This kind of cake tastes A good B well C to be good D to be well 2 The children all looked at the broken model plane and felt quite A sad sad B sadly sadly C sad sadly D sadly sad 3 This kind of paper nice A feel B felt C is feeling D feels 4 everyone here today A Be B Are C Is D Am 5 Harry is older than I But he younger than I A look B looks C looked D looking 6 It like the singing of the birds A sounds B looks C smells D tastes 7 This math problem is and I can do it A easy easily B easily easily C easy easy D easily easy 8 Coffee is ready How nice it Would you like some A looks B smells C sounds D feels 9 In winter the days colder and colder A gets B getting C got D get 10 He pale at the thought A got B looked C turned D seemed 答案详解 1 A 连系动词 taste 后应接形容词作表语 2 D 根据句意 句中的 look at 是行为动词 所以修饰此动词时应用副词 在连系动词 feel 后应 用形容词作表语 3 D 当 this kind of 作主语时 谓语动词用 单数 4 C 当复合不定代词作主语时 谓语动词用单 数 5 B 根据句意和前句时态 后句应用一般现在 时 6 A 根据语境 只有 sounds 听起来 符合题 意 looks 意为 看起来 smells 意为 闻起来 tastes 意为 尝起来 7 A 连系动词 is 后接形容词 根据句意 修饰 行为动词 do 用副词 8 B 根据语境和首句 Coffee is ready 此 处用 smell 才符合题意 9 D 根据常识我们知道冬季天气寒冷 故用一 般现在时 10 C 根据语境只能使用 turned 句意为 一 想到这儿 他的脸就发白了 第 5 章 助动词 一 概念 助动词是帮助主要动词构成各种时态 语态 语气以及 否定或疑问结构的动词 助动词分为时态助动词和结 构助动词两种 二 相关知识点精讲 1 助动词 be 的用法 1 be 现在分词 构成进行时态 例如 They are having a meeting 他们正在开会 English is becoming more and more important 英语现 在越来越重要 2 be 过去分词 构成被动语态 例如 The window was broken by Tom 窗户是汤姆打碎的 English is taught throughout the world 世界各地都教 英语 3 be 动词不定式 可表示下列内容 a 表示最近 未来的计划或安排 例如 He is to go to New York next week 他下周要去 纽约 We are to teach the freshmen 我们要教新生 说明 这种用法也可以说成是一种将来时态表 达法 b 表示命令 例如 You are to explain this 对此你要做出解释 He is to come to the office this afternoon 要他今 天下午来办公室 c 征求意见 例如 How am I to answer him 我该怎样答复他 Who is to go there 谁该去那儿呢 d 表示相约 商定 例如 We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning 我们明天早晨 7 点在校门口集合 2 助动词 have 的用法 1 have 过去分词 构成完成时态 例如 He has left for London 他已去了伦敦 By the end of last month they had finished half of their work 上月未为止 他们已经完成工作的一半 2 have been 现在分词 构成完成进行时 例如 I have been studying English for ten years 我一直在 学英语 已达十年之久 3 have been 过去分词 构成完成式被动语态 例如 English has been taught in China for many years 中 国教英语已经多年 3 助动词 do 的用法 1 构成一般疑问句 例如 Do you want to pass the CET 你想通过大学英语 测试吗 Did you study German 你们学过德语吗 2 do not 构成否定句 例如 I do not want to be criticized 我不想挨批评 He doesn t like to study 他不想学习 In the past many students did not know the importance of English 过去 好多学生不知道英语的重要性 3 构成否定祈使句 例如 Don t go there 不要去那里 Don t be so absent minded 不要这么心不在焉 说明 构成否定祈使句只用 do 不用 did 和 does 4 放在动词原形前 加强该动词的语气 例如 Do come to my birthday party 一定来参加我的生 日宴会 I did go there 我确实去那儿了 I do miss you 我确实想你 5 用于倒装句 例如 Never did I hear of such a thing 我从未听说过这 样的事情 Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English 进了大学以后 我们才认识到 英语的重要性 说明 引导此类倒装句的副词有 never seldom rarely little only so well 等 6 用作代动词 例如 Do you like Beijing 你喜欢北京吗 Yes I do 是的 喜欢 do 用作代动词 代替 like Beijing He knows how to drive a car doesn t he 他知道如 何开车 对吧 4 助动词 shall 和 will 的用法 shall 和 will 作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成 一般将来时 例如 I shall study harder at English 我将更加努力 地学习英语 He will go to Shanghai 他要去上海 说明 在过去的语法中 语法学家说 shall 用于第一 人称 will 只用于第二 第三人称 现在 尤其是在 口语中 will 常用于第一人称 但 shall 只用于第一 人称 如用于第二 第三人称 就失去助动词的意义 已变为情态动词 试比较 He shall come 他必须来 shall 有命令的意味 He will come 他要来 will 只与动词原形构成 一般将来时 5 助动词 should would 的用法 1 should 无词义 只是 shall 的过去形式 与动词原 形构成过去将来时 只用于第一人称 例如 I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week 我昨天给他打电话 问他我下周干什么 比较 What shall I do next week I asked 我下 周干什么 我问道 可以说 shall 变成间接引语时 变成了 should 2 would 也无词义 是 will 的过去形式 与动词原 形构成过去将来时 用于第二 第三人称 例如 He said he would come 他说他要来 比较 I will go he said 他说 我要去那儿 变 成间接引语 就成了 He said he would come 原来的 will 变成 would go 变成了 come 6 短语动词 动词加小品构成的起动词作用的短语叫短语动词 例如 Turn off the radio 把收音机关上 turn off 是 短语动词 短语动词的构成基本有下列几种 1 动词 副词 如 black out 2 动词 介词 如 look into 3 动词 副词 介词 如 look forward to 构成短语 动词的副词和介词都统称为小品词 三 巩固练习 1 If it is fine tomorrow we a football match a have b will have c has d shall has 2 When he was at school he early and take a walk before breakfast a will rise b shall rise b should rise would rise 3 In the past 30 years China great advances in the socialist revolution and socialist construction a has made b have made c had made d having made 4 I go to bed until I finished my work a don t had b didn t have c didn t had d don t have 5 you think he back by dinner time a Do have come b Did will have come c Does will come d Do will have come 6 He said that he dropped his bag when he for the bus a was runing b was running c were running d is running 7 No sooner he arrived home than he to start on another journey a has was asked b have were asked c had is asked d had was asked 8 you give me a room for the night I asked on arriving at the hotel a Should b Can c Might d May 9 There are nine of them so get into the car at the same time a they may not at all b all they may not c they can t all d all they can t 10 We didn t see him at the lecture yesterday He it a mustn t attend b cannot have attended c would have not attended d needn t have attended 11 You realize that you were driving at 100 mph don t you No officer I This car can t do more than 80 a didn t need to be b may not have been c couldn t have been d needn t have been 12 he was a good runner so he escape from the police a might b succeeded to c would d was able to 13 If they our plan will fall flat a are co operating b had not co operated c won t co operate d didn t co operate 14 I hoped my letter a her to answer b that she would answer c that she answers d her answering 15 He live in the country than in the city a prefers b likes to c had better d would rather 16 to see a film with us today a Did you like b Would you like c Will you like d Have you liked 17 I m sorry but I had no alternative I simply what I did a must do b had to do c ought to have done d have to do 18 Time is running out a hadn t we better got start b hadn t we better get start c hadn t we better get started d hadn t we better not started 19 No one that to his face a dares say b dares saying c dare say d dare to say 20 The students in the classroom not to make so much noise a need b ought c must d dare 21 You last week if you were really serious about your work a ought to come b ought to be coming c ought have come d ought to have come 22 The elephants ought hours ago by the keepers a to be fed b to feed c to being fed d to have been fed 23 I wonder why they re late They the train a can have missed b could miss c may have missed d might miss 24 Tom graduated from college at a very young age He have been an outstanding student a must b could c should d might 25 You the examination again since you had already passed it a needn t have taken b didn t need to take c needn t take d mustn t take 26 He is really incompetent The letter yesterday a should be finished typing b must be finished typing c must have finished typing c should have been finished typing 27 The boy told his father that he would rather an astronaut a become b to become c becoming d became 28 When we reached the station the train had still not arrived so we a needed not to hurry b needn t have hurried c need not to have hurried d didn t need to hurry 29 Since your roommate is visiting her family this weekend you like to have dinner with us tonight a will b won t c wouldn t d do 30 He was afraid what he had done a disastrous effect on his career a might have b could be c have been d shall be 四 答案 1 10 BDACDBDBCB 11 20 CDCBDBBCCB 21 30 DDCABDABCA 情态动词有四类 只做情态动词 must can could may might ought to 可做情态动词又可做实义动词 need dare 可做情态动词又可做助动词 shall should will would 具有情态动词特征 have had has to use d to 编编辑辑本本段段 位位置置 情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前 谓语动词 前若有助动词 则在助动词之前 疑问句中 情态动 词则在主语之前 I can see you Come here 我能看见你 过来吧 He must have been away 他一定走了 What can I do for you 我能帮你吗 How dare you treat us like that 你怎能那样对待我们 编编辑辑本本段段 特特点点 情态动词无人称和数的变化 情态动词后面跟 的动词需用原形 否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 not 个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式 过去式用来表达更加客气 委婉的语气 时态性不 强 可用于过去 现在或将来 情态动词属非及物 动词 故没有被动语态 He could be here soon 他很快就来 We can t carry the heavy box 我们搬不动那箱子 I m sorry I can t help you 对不起 我帮不上你 基本助动词与情态助动词最主要的区别之一是 基本助动词本身没有词义 而情态助动词则有自 己的词义 能表示说话人对有关动作或状态的看法 或表示主观设想 What have you been doing since 构成 完成进行体 本身无词义 I am afraid I must be going 一定要 You may have read some account of the matter 或许已经 除此之外 情态助动词还有如下词法和句法特 征 1 除 ought 和 used 以外 其他情态动词后 面只能接不带 to 的不定式 如果我们把 ought to 和 used to 看做是固定词组的话 那么 所有情态 动词无一例外地只能接不带 to 的不定式 We used to grow beautiful roses I asked if he would come and repair my television set 2 情态助动词在限定动词词组总是位居第一 They need not have been punished so se verely 3 情态助动词用于第三人称单数现在时的时 候 没有词形变化 即其词尾无 s 形式 She dare not say what she thinks 4 情态动词没有非限定形式 即没有不定式 和分词形式 也没有相应的动名词 Still she needn t have run away 5 情态助动词的 时 的形式并不是时间区别 的主要标志 在不少场合 情态助动词的现在时和 过去时形式都可以表示现在 过去或将来时间 Would you mind very much if I ask you t o do something She told him he ought not to have done it 6 情态助动词之间是相互排斥的 即在一个 限定动词词组中只能出现一个情态助动词 但有时 却可以与 have 和 be 基本助动词连用 You should have washed the wound Well you shouldn t be reading a novel 编编辑辑本本段段 用用法法 首先它是动词 而且不同于行为动词 行为动 词表示的是可以通过行为来表达的动作 如写 读 跑 而情态动词只是表达的一种想法 如能 也许 敢 用法是 情态动词 行为动词原形 例句 I can read this sentence in English 我能用英语读这句话 情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义 表示说话 人的情绪 态度或语气的动词 但不能单独作谓语 只能和其他动词原形构成谓语 We can be there on time tomorrow 我们明 天能按时去那儿 May I have your name 我能知道你的名字 吗 Shall we begin now 我们现在就开始吗 You must obey the school rules 你必须遵 守校规 情态动词数量不多 但用途广泛 主要有下列 can could may might must need oug ht to dare dared shall should will would h ave to had better 编编辑辑本本段段 功功能能 助动词 auxiliary 主要有两类 基本助动词 pri mary auxiliary 和情态助动词 modal auxiliary 基本助动词有三个 do have 和 be 情态助动词 基本的有十四个 may might can could will would shall should must need dare used t o ought to had better 上述两类助动词的共同特 征是 在协助主动词构成限定动词词组时 具有作 用词的功能 1 构成否定式 He didn t go and neither did she The meeting might not start until 5 o cloc k 2 构成疑问式或附加疑问式 Must you leave right now You have been learning French for 5 yea rs haven t you 3 构成修辞倒装 Nowhere can he obtain any information a bout his sister Hardly had he arrived when she started c omplaining 4 代替限定动词词组 A Who can solve this crossword puzzle B Tom can A Shall I write to him B Yes do 编编辑辑本本段段 can 和和 could 的的用用法法 1 表示能力或客观可能性 还可以表示请求和 允许 如 Can you finish this work tonight Man cannot live without air Can I go now Yes you can 注意 could 也可表示请求 语气委婉 主 要用于疑问句 不可用于肯定句 答语应用 can 即 could 不能用于现在时态的简略答语中 如 Could I come to see you tomorrow Yes you can 否定答语可用 No I m afra id not can 表示能力时 还可用 be able to 代替 如 I ll not be able to come this afternoon 2 表示惊异 怀疑 不相信的态度 主要用 在否定句 疑问句或惊叹句中 Can this be true How can you be so careless This cannot be done by him 3 can could have 过去分词 的疑问或 否定形式表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定 如 He cannot have been to that town Can he have got the book 4 用在疑问句及否定句中 表示惊讶 不相信等 5 cannot too enough 表示 无论怎样 也 不过分 越 越好 编编辑辑本本段段 may 和和 might 的的用用法法 1 表示许可 表示请求 允许时 might 比 may 的语气更委 婉一些 否定回答时 口语中常用 no you can t or yes please 用 mustn t 表示 不可以 禁止 阻止 之意 具有强烈禁止的意思 如 You may drive the car Might I use your pen No you mu stn t 用 May I 征询对方许可在文体上比较正式 在口气上比较客气 在日常口语中 用 Can I 征询对方意见在现代口语中更为常见 2 用于祈使句中表示祝愿 如 May you succeed 3 表示推测 可能 疑问句不能用于此意 He may be very busy now 4 may might have 过去分词 表示对 过去发生的行为的推测 如 He may not have finished the work 编编辑辑本本段段 must 和和 have to 的的用用法法 1 表示必须 必要 must 表示主观多一些 而 have to 则表示客观多一些 如 You must come in time 回答 must 引出的问句时 如果是否定的回答 不能用 mustn t 而要用 needn t 或 don t have to Must we hand in our exercise books t oday Yes you must No you don t have to 2 must be 表语 的结构表示推测 它的 否定或疑问式用 can 代替 must This must be your pen 3 must have 过去分词 的结构常用在 肯定句中 表示对过去发生的行为的推测 它的否 定或疑问式用 can 代替 must He must have been to Shanghai 4 have to 的含义与 must 相似 两者往往可 以互换使用 但 have to 有各种形式 随 have 的 变化而定 must 与 have to 有下列几点不同 must 表示的是说话人的主观看法 而 hav e to 则往往强调客观需要 如 The play is not interesting I really must go now I had to work when I was your age must 一般只表现在 have 则有更多的时 态形式 二者的否定意义不大相同 如 You mustn t go 你可不要去 You don t have to go 你不必去 询问对方的意愿时应用 must 如 Must I clean all the room 注意 have to 也可拼做 have got to 编编辑辑本本段段 dare 和和 need 的的用用法法 1 need 表示 需要 或 必须 作情态动词时 仅用于否定句或疑问句中 在肯定句中一般用 mu st have to ought to 或 should 代替 如 You needn t come so early Need I finish the work today Yes you must 注意 needn t 不定式的完成式 表示本来 不必做某事而实际上做了某事 如 You needn t have waited for me 2 Dare 作情态动词时 主要用于疑问句 否 定句和条件从句中 一般不用在肯定句中 如 How dare you say I m unfair He daren t speak English before such a c rowd dare he 3 Dare 和 need 常用作实义动词 有时态 人称和数的变化 所不同的是 作实义动词时 在 肯定句中 dare 后面通常接带 to 的不定式 在否 定和疑问句中 dare 后面可接带 to 或不带 to 的不 定式 如 I dare to swim across this river He does not dare to answer Don t you dare to touch it I wondered he dare to say that He needs to finish it this evening 编编辑辑本本段段 shall 和和 should 的的用用法法 一 Shall 的用法 1 Shall 用于第一人称 表示征求对方的意愿 如 What shall we do this evening 2 Shall 用于第一 第三人称疑问句中 表示 说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示 如 Shall we begin our lesson When shall he be able to leave the hospi tal 3 Shall 用于第二 第三人称 表示说话人给 对方命令 警告 允诺或威胁 如 You shall fail if you don t work harder 警告 He shall have the book when I finish rea ding 允诺 He shall be punished 威胁 二 Should 的用法 1 Should 表示劝告 建议 命令 其同义词 是 ought to 在疑问句中 通常用 should 代替 ou ght to 如 You should go to class right away Should I open the window Should 的含义较多 用法较活 现介绍三种其 特殊用法 请看下面的句子 I should think it would be better to try it again 我倒是认为最好再试一试 You are mistaken I should say 依我 看 你是搞错了 I should advise you not to do that 我 倒是劝你别这样做 This is something I should have liked to ask you 这是我本来想问你的 从以上例句可以看出 情态动词 should 用于 第一人称时可以表示说话人的一种谦逊 客气 委 婉的语气 Should 还可以用在 if 引导的条件从句 表示 一件事听起来可能性很小 但也不是完全没有可能 相当于 万一 的意思 从句谓语由 should 加动词 原形构成 主句谓语却不一定用虚拟语气 如 Ask her to ring me up if you should s ee her 你万一见到她 请让她给我打个电话 If you should change your mind pleas e let us know 万一你改变主意 请通知我们 Should I If I should be free tomorrow I will come 万一我明天有时间 我就来 此外 Why or How should 结构表示说话 人对某事不能理解 感到意外 惊异等意思 意为 竟会 如 Why should you be so late today 你 几天怎么来得这么晚 Where is Betty living 贝蒂住在 哪里 How should I know 我怎么会知道呢 I don t know why you should think that I did it 我真不知道你凭什么认为这件事是我干的 2 should have 过去分词 结构一般表 示义务 表示应该做到而实际上没有做到 并包含 一种埋怨 责备的口气 如 She should have finished it I should have helped her but I never cou ld You should have started earlier 编编辑辑本本段段 will 和和 would 的的用用法法 1 表示请求 建议等 would 比 will 委婉客气 如 Would you pass me the book 2 表示意志 愿望和决心 如 I will never do that again They asked if we would do that again The door won t open 3 用 will be 和 will would have 过去 分词 的结构表示推测 主要用于第二 三人称 前 者表示对目前情况的推测 后者表示对已经完成的 动作或事态的推测 如 This will be the book you want He will have arrived by now The guests would have arrived by that ti me I thought you would have finished this by now 4 Would 可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾 向 Would 表过去习惯时比 used to 正式 并没有 现已无此习惯 的含义 如 The wound would not heal During the vacation he would visit me ev ery week 5 表料想或猜想 如 It would be about ten when he left home What would she be doing there I thought he would have told you all abo ut it 编编辑辑本本段段 ought to 的的用用法法 1 Ought to 表示应该 如 You ought to take care of him 2 表示推测 注意与 must 表示推测时的区别 He must be at home by now 断定他已 到家 He ought to be home by now 不十分肯 定 This is where the oil must be 比较直率 This is where the oil ought to be 比较 含蓄 3 ought to have 过去分词 表示过去 应做某事而实际未做 如 You ought to have asked him but you di dn t 这时 ought to 和 should 可以互相换用 注意 在美国英语中 ought to 用于否定句和 疑问句时 to 可以省略 如 Ought you smoke so much You oughtn t smoke so much ought 和 should 的区别 1 ought 语气略强 2 should 较常用 3 ought 在美国英语中用的很少 而 should 却 相当常用 4 ought 属正式用语 编编辑辑本本段段 used to had better would rather 的的用用法法 1 Used to 表示过去的习惯动作或状态 现在 已不存在 在间接引语中 其形式可不变 如 He told us he used to play football when he was young 在疑问句 否定句 否定疑问句或强调句中 可有两种形式 疑问句 Did you use to go to the same school as your brother Used you to go to the same school as y our brother 否定句 I usedn t to go there I didn t use to go there Usedn t 亦可拼作 usen t 但发音皆为 ju snt 否定疑问句 Usen t you to be interested in the theatre Didn t you use to be interested in the the atre 强调句 I certainly used to smoke but it was a lo ng time ago I certainly did use to smoke but it was a long time ago 其反意疑问句或简略回答中 也有两种形式 She used to be very fat didn t she 口 语 常用 use d n t she 正式 过时 Did you use to play chess Yes I did Used you to get up early in the morning Yes I did Yes I used to 2 Had better 意为 最好 后接不带 to 的不 定式 如 We had better go now Yes we had we d better we had be tter Hadn t we better stop now Had we bett er not stop now I think I d better be going 用于进行时态 表 最好立即 You had better have done that 用于完 成时态 表未完成动作 注 had best 与 had better 同意 但较少 用 You had better 用于同辈或小辈 对长 辈不可用 3 Would rather 意为 宁愿 表选择 后接不 带 to 的不定式 如 I d rather not say anything Would you rather work on a farm Wouldn t you rather stay here No I would not I d rather go there 由于 would rather 表选择 因而后可接 than 如 I would rather work on a farm than in a f actory I would rather watch TV than go to see t he film I would rather lose a dozen cherry trees t han that you should tell me one lie I d rather you didn t talk about this to any one 句中的 d rather 不是情态动词 would 在 此是表愿望的实义动词 编编辑辑本本段段 can could may might 用用法法 can could 表示说话人能 可以 同意 准许 以 及客观条件许可 could 为 can 的过去式 Can you pass me the books 你能给我递一下书吗 Could you help me please 请问 你能帮助我吗 What can you do 你能干点什么呢 Can you be sure 你有把握吗 can 和 could 只能用于现在式和过去式两种时 态 将来时态用 be able to 来表示 He could help us at all 他完全可以帮助我们 With the teacher s help I shall be able to speak English correctly 由于老师的帮助 我将能准确地讲英语 may might 可以 表示说话人同意 许可或请 求对方许可 You may take the book home 你可以把书带回家去 May I come in 我可以进来吗 May I use your dictionary 我可以用你的词典吗 You may put on more clothes 你可以多穿点衣服 He said he might lend us some money 他说他可以借给我们一些钱 may 否定式为 may not 缩写形式是 mayn t might 是 may 的过去式 有两种用法 一种 表示过去式 一种表示虚拟语气 使语气更加委婉 客气或对可能性的怀疑 He told me he might be here on time 他说他能按时间来 Might I borrow some money now 我可以借点钱吗 He might be alive 他可能还活着 编编辑辑本本段段 must need ought to dare dared 用用法法 Must 必须 应该 一定 准是 表示说话人认为 有必要做某事 命令 要求别人做某事以及对事物 的推测 must 用来指一般现在时和一般将来时 过去 式可用 have to 的过去式代替 I must finish my work today 我今天必须完 成我的工作 You mustn t work all the time 你不能老是 工作 Must I return the book tomorrow 我必须 明天还书吗 After such a long walk you must be tired 走了这么长的路 你一定困了 He must be the man I am looking for 他 一定是我要找的人 He had to go because of somebody s c