2000年-2015年英语专业八级翻译(英译汉)

2015 英译汉 At its heart psycholinguistic work consists of two questions One is What knowledge of language is needed for us to use language In a sense we must know a language to use it but we are not always fully aware of this knowledge A distinction may be drawn between tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge Tacit knowledge refers to the knowledge of how to perform various acts whereas explicit knowledge refers to the knowledge of the processes or mechanisms used in these acts We sometimes know how to do something without knowing how we do it For instance a baseball pitcher 投手 might know how to throw a baseball 90 miles an hour but might have little or no explicit knowledge of the muscle groups that are involved in this act Similarly we may distinguish between knowing how to speak and knowing what processes are involved in producing speech Generally speaking much of our linguistic knowledge is tacit rather than explicit 参考译文 心理语言学的研究包括两个核心问题 第一 我们使用语言需要什么语言知识 从某种意义上说 我们必须拥有某种语言的知识才能使用该语言 但却并不总是能完全 意 识到这种知识 我们可能要对隐性知识和显性知识加以区分 隐性知识是指如何执行各种 动作所拥有的知识 而显性知识是指在这些动作中使用的过程或者机制所 蕴含的知识 有 时 我们知道如何做某事 却无法说出我们是怎么做的 比如 一名棒球投手可能知道如 何以每小时 90 英里的速度把球抛出去 但对有关参与此活 动的肌群的显性知识却知之甚 少 或一无所知 同样地 我们知道如何说话 但却不清楚言语产生包含哪些过程 总的 来说 我们的大多数语言知识都是隐性知识而 非显性知识 2014 英译汉 The physical distance between speakers can indicate a number of things and can also be used to consciously send messages about intent Closeness for example indicates intimacy or threat to many speakers whilst distance may denote formality or a lack of interest Proximity is also both a matter of personal style and is often culture bound so that what may seem normal to a speaker from one culture may appear unnecessarily close or distant to a speaker from another And standing close to someone may be quite appropriate in some situations such as informal party but completely out of place in others such as meeting with a superior Posture can convey meaning too Hunched shoulders and a hanging head give a powerful indication of mood A lowered head when speaking to a superior with or without eye contact can convey the appropriate relationship in some cultures 演说者与听众之间的实际距离通常来是用来传送演说内容的最佳途径但是同时可以表明很 多问题 就拿距离的远近来说 近距离可以体现演说者和听众的一种亲密程度但同时对于 演说者也是一种心灵上的震慑 相反 远距离会是一种较正式的提现但也可说是一种缺乏 兴趣的表现 大致距离不仅仅是一种个人风格的提现同时也和个人的文化背景息息相关 因此在一种文化中所体现的演说者与听众之间适宜的距离在另一种文化中可能会被界定成 一种过分亲近亦或过分的疏远 再比如 如在非正规的宴会中 双方之间紧贴的距离是一 种适宜的表现但是如若是和高层领导洽谈 这样的距离就显得适得其反了 不仅仅是距离 姿势也会透露很多细节 俯身前倾 头部前伸是一种正面情绪的提现 但当和尊者沟通还 伴随着时不时的眼神交流时 谦卑的低头在一些文化背景中却也是一种合适的氛围 2013 英译汉英译汉 The UN General Assembly the central political forum is composed of 193 members including virtually all the world s nation states Two thirds of its members are developing countries which account for about three quarters of the world s population Reaching decisions is difficult especially since all agreements by custom must be reached by consensus As a result important agreements are often held hostage by narrow special interests and most agreements are reached only by reducing them to their lowest common denominators But the real question is whether the major countries of the world will allow democracy to function at the highest level The Security Council which is responsible for peace and security deals with issues of the greatest political importance The Council has only 15 members so it can meet frequently and deal with crises Once impotence due to Cold War rivalries it has regained much of the authority accorded by the UN charter 参考译文参考译文 联合国代表大会 中心政治论坛 由 193 个成员国组成 几乎包括世界上所有国 家 其中三分之二的国家为发展中国家 占世界总人口的四分之三 通过决议非常困难 尤其是所有惯例决出的协议必须达成一致才能通过 结果就是 重要的协议总是被狭隘的 特殊利益所挟持 并且大部分协议都只是用来使自己的利益最大化 但真正的问题是世界 上主要国 是否愿意看到民主最大限度地开展 联合国安理会 负责和平和安全 处理最重 要的政治问题 安理会只有 15 个成员国 所以能经常性地应付危机 它曾一度由于冷战对 立而停摆 但已经重新获得了联合国宪章给予的权利 2012 英译汉 In some cases intelligent people implementing intelligent policies are responsible for producing a boomerang effect they actually create more of whatever it is they seek to reduce in the first place The boomerang effect has been achieved many times in recent years by men and women of goodwill State legislatures around the nation have recently raised the drinking age back to 21 in an effort to reduce the prevalence of violent deaths among our young people But such policies seem instead to have created the conditions for even more campus violence Some college students who previously drank in bars and lounges under the watchful supervision of bouncers 夜 总会 酒吧等保安人员 not to mention owners ear to keep their liquor licenses now retreat to the sanctuary of their fraternity houses and apartments where they no longer control their behavior or their drinking The boomerang effect has also played a role in attempts to reduce the availability of illicit drugs During recent years the federal government has been quite successful in reducing the supply of street drugs As fields are burned and contraband 违禁品 confiscated the price of street drugs has skyrocketed to a point where cheap alterative have begun to compete in the marketplace Unfortunately the cheap alternatives are even more harmful than the illicit drugs they replace 参考译文 相反的是 上述政策似乎引发了更多的校园暴力 以前 一些大学生会在夜总 会的酒吧饮酒 那是处于酒吧保安人员严密的监控之下 酒吧老板们这样做当然只是为了保 住自己的营业执照 现在 大学生们会躲到兄弟会会所和公寓中酗酒 他们根本不会控制 自己的行为 在打击非法毒品方面 政府采取的措施同样适得其反 近年来 联邦政府卓有成效地抑制了 街头毒品 毒品种植地被烧毁 违禁品被没收 直接导致街头毒品价格暴涨 一些便宜的 替代品开始进入市场 不幸的是 便宜替代品带来的危害远比非法毒品更大 2011 英译汉英译汉 When flying over Nepal it s easy to soar in your imagination and pretend you re tiny a butterfly and drifting above one of those three dimensional topographical maps architects use the circling contour lines replaced by the terraced rice paddies that surround each high ridge Nepal is a small country and from the windows of our plane floating eastward at 12 000 feet one can see clearly the brilliant white mirage of the high Himalayas thirty miles of the left window Out the right window the view is of three or four high terraced ridges giving sudden way to the plains of India beyond Three were few roads visible below most transportation in Nepal being by foot along ancient trails that connect and bind the country together There is also a network of dirt airstrips which was fortunate for me as I had no time for the two and a half week trek to my destination I was in a flight to the local airport 参考译文 飞机飞越尼泊尔上空时 你很容易天马行空起来 假想自己很渺小 像只蝴蝶 在建筑师所使用的某个三维地形图上方漂浮着 在这里 地形图一圈圈的轮廓线变成了 环绕高耸的山脊成阶梯状的稻田 尼泊尔是个小国 我们的飞机在 12000 英尺的高空向东 飞去 从左边的机窗望去 你能清晰地看到 30 英里外的高耸的喜马拉雅山的耀眼的白色蜃 景 靠右边的机窗外是三 四条成梯状的高耸山脊 再往远处突然之间成了印度平原 飞机下 面看不这几条公路 尼泊尔的交通方式以步行为主 人们沿着连接整个国家的古老小径行 走着 尼泊尔也有一个土筑的飞机场网络 这对我来说很幸运 因为我没时间长途跋涉两 周半的时间到达我的目的地 我在飞往当地机场的飞机上 2010 英译汉 I thought that it was a Sunday morning in May that it was Easter Sunday and as yet very early in the morning I was standing as it seemed to me at the door of my own cottage Right before me lay the very scene which could really be commanded from that situation but exalted as was usual and solemnized by the power of dreams There were the same mountains and the same lovely valley at their feet but the mountains were raised to more than Alpine height and there was interspaced far larger between them of savannahs and forest lawns the hedges were rich with white roses and no living creature was to be seen excepting that in the green churchyard there were cattle tranquilly reposing upon the verdant graves and particularly round about the grave of a child whom I had once tenderly loved just as I had really seen them a little before sunrise in the same summer when that child died 参考译文 我想那是五月的一个周日的早晨 那天是复活节 一个大清早上 我站在自家小 屋的门口 就在我的面前展现出了那么一番景色 从我那个位置其实能够尽收眼底 可是 梦里的感觉往往如此 由于梦幻的力量 这番景象显得超凡出尘 一派肃穆气象 群山形 状相同 其山脚下都有着同样可爱的山谷 不过群山挺然参天 高于阿尔卑斯峰 诸山相距 空旷 丰草如茵 林地开阔 错落其间 树篱上的白玫瑰娟娟弥望 远近看不见任何生物 唯有苍翠的教堂庭院里 牛群静静地卧躺在那片郁郁葱葱的墓地歇息 好几头围绕着一个 小孩的坟墓 我曾对她一腔柔情 那年夏天是在旭日东升的前一刻 那孩子死去了 我如 同当年那样望着牛群 2009 英译汉 We the human species are confronting a planetary emergency a threat to the survival of our civilization that is gathering ominous and destructive potential even as we gather here But there is hopeful news as well we have the ability to solve this crisis and avoid the worst though not all of its consequences if we act boldly decisively and quickly However despite a growing number of honorable exceptions too many of the world s leaders are still best described in the words Winston Churchill applied to those who ignored Adolf Hitler s threat They go on in strange paradox decided only to be undecided resolved to be irresolute adamant for drift solid for fluidity all powerful to be impotent So today we dumped another 70 million tons of global warming pollution into the thin shell of atmosphere surrounding our planet as if it were an open sewer And tomorrow we will dump a slightly larger amount with the cumulative concentrations now trapping more and more heat from the sun 参考译文 我们人类 正面临全球性的危机 我们的生存和文明受到威胁 尽管我们聚在 一起共商对策 而灾难却在扩大 形式不容乐观 但也有令人欣喜的消息 如果行动大胆 果断 反应迅速 我们有能力解决这场危机 避免其向最坏的方向发展 但是 时下世界 上的许多国家领导人可以用当年温斯顿 丘吉尔批评欧洲诸政要忽视阿道夫 希特勒的名言 来形容 它们在奇怪的悖论中前行 仅仅为一个决定而犹豫不决 有了决心却拖泥带水 信心犹疑不定 见解随波逐流 掌权者虚弱无力 而如今我们向这个星球脆弱的大气层倾 倒超过七千万吨温室气体 把其当作天然排污口 明天我们还会变本加厉 堆积的温室气 体吸纳了越来越多的太阳热度 2008 英译汉 But as has been true in many other cases when they were at last married the most ideal of situations was found to have been changed to the most practical instead of having shared their original duties and as school boys would say going halves they discovered that the cares of life had been doubled This led to some distressing moments for both our friends they understood suddenly that instead of dwelling in heaven they were still upon earth and had made themselves slaves to new laws and limitations Instead of being freer and happier than ever before they had assumed new responsibilities they had established a new household and must fulfill in some way or another the obligations of it They looked back with affection to their engagement they had been longing to have each other to themselves apart from the world but it seemed that they never felt so keenly that they were still units in modern society 参考译文 但是正如其他许多已经发生过的事情一样 当他们最终结婚后 发现最憧憬的 生活变得再实际不过了 他们非但没有分担各自原先的责任 正如那些学生们所说 一半一 半 相反却发现生活的重担加倍了 这使得我们那两个结婚的朋友时常觉得沮丧 他们突 然发现自己并没有过着天堂般的生活而是仍实实在在地生活在地球上 而且成为了新规则 和新约束的奴隶 生活并没有比以前更自由 更幸福 因为他们要去承担新的责任 既然 成立了一个新的家庭 那就无论如何也要尽一点家庭的义务 他们深情地回想起订婚的那 段时光 曾经如此地渴望拥有彼此而忘掉这个世界 然而现在最深切的感受却是自己仍是 这个世界的一份子 2007 英译汉 Good bye and good luck Scientific and technological advances are enabling us to comprehend the furthest reaches of the cosmos the most basic constituents of matter and the miracle of life At the same time today the actions and inaction of human beings imperil not only life on the planet but the very life of the planet Globalization is making the world smaller faster and richer Still 9 11 avian flu and Iran remind us that a smaller faster world is not necessarily a safer world Our world is bursting with knowledge but desperately in need of wisdom Now when sound bites are getting shorter when instant messages crowd out essays and when individual lives grow more frenzied college graduates capable of deep reflection are what our world needs For all these reasons I believed and I believe even more strongly today in the unique and irreplaceable mission of universities 参考译文 科技进步正在使我们能够探索宇宙的边陲 物质最基本的成分及生命的奇迹 与此同时 今天 人类所做的及没能做到的事情 不仅危害到这个星球上的生命 也危害 到该星球的寿命 全球化正在使地球变得愈来愈小 愈来愈快和愈来愈富有 尽管如此 9 11 禽流感 及伊朗提醒我们 更小更快的世界决不意味着其更安全 我们正处于一个知识爆炸的世界之中 不过 迫切需要智慧 现在 在 新闻采访的 原声摘要播出变得愈来愈短 即时信息淘汰了杂记文 个人生活变得如痴如狂之际 这个 世界还是需要能够深思的大学生 考虑到这些理由 我过去信仰 而今天甚至更加强烈地信仰大学独特的 无可取代的 使命 2006 英译汉 I have nothing to offer but blood toil tears and sweat We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind We have before us many many months of struggle and suffering You ask what is our aim I can answer in one word it is victory Victory at all costs victory in spite of all terrors victory however long and hard the road may be for without victory there is no survival Let that be realized no survival for the British Empire no survival for all that British Empire has stood for no survival for the urge the impulse of the ages that mankind shall more forward toward his goal I take up my task in buoyancy and hope I feel sure that our cause will not be suffered to fail among men I feel entitled at this juncture at this time to claim the aid of all and to say Come then let us go forward together with our united strength 参考译文 我能奉献的唯有热血 辛劳 泪水和汗水 我们所面临的将是一场极为残酷 的考验 我们面临的将是旷日持久的斗争和苦难 你若问我们的目标是什么 我可以用一个 词来概括 那就是胜利 不惜一切代价去夺取胜利 不畏惧一切恐怖去夺取胜利 不论前 路再长再苦也要多去胜利 因为没有胜利纠无法生存 我们必须意识到 没有胜利就没有大 英帝国 没有胜利就没有大英帝国所象征的一切 没有胜利就没有多少世纪以来强烈的要 求和冲动 人类应当向自己的目标迈进 此刻 我的精神振奋 满怀信心地承当起自己的 人物 我确信 只要我们大家联合 我们的事业就不会挫败 此时此刻千钧一发之际 我 觉得我有权要求各方面的支持 我要呼吁 来吧 让我们群策努力 并肩迈进 2005 英译汉 It is simple enough to say that since books have classes fiction biography poetry we should separate them and take from each what it is right that each should give us Yet few people ask from books what books can give us Most commonly we come to books with blurred 模糊的 不明确的 and divided minds 分心 asking of fiction that it shall be true of poetry that it shall be false of biography that it shall be flattering of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices If we could banish 消除 all such preconceptions 偏见 成见 when we read that would be an admirable 绝妙的 极好的 beginning Do not dictate 口述 发号施令 to your author try to become him Be his fellow worker and accomplice 同谋 合作者 If you hang back 迟疑 犹豫不决 and reserve 保留 储备 and criticize at first you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read But if you open your mind as widely as possible then signs and hints of almost imperceptible 觉察不到的 fineness 优良 出 色 from the twist and turn of the first sentences 换行的句子 will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other Steep 沉浸 潜心 专心 yourself in this acquaint 使熟知 yourself with this and soon you will find that your author is giving you or attempting to give you something far more definite 参考译文 然而很少有人愿意接受书上的告诉我们的东西 我们通常是带着一种不明确 的不专一的目的去读书 我们要求小说是真实的 诗歌应该是虚构的 传记应该是奉承人 的 历史则应该是能加深我们自己的偏见的 如果我们读书的时候能够屏弃这些成见 那 将会是一个绝妙的开端 不要试图对作者发号施令 而是要设身处地把作者的思路 把自 己当作作者的合作伙伴 假如你开始就犹豫不决 不愿接受作者观点 甚至对作者观点评 头论足 你就是给自己设置障碍 使自己不可能最大限度地利用书本 然而 如果你尽量 敞开心扉 那么文章开头就能给你一些暗示 由此一个与众不同的人物形象将跃然呈现于 你面前 2004 英译汉英译汉 For me the most interesting thing about a solitary life and mine has been that for the last twenty years is that it becomes increasingly rewarding When I can wake up and watch the sun rise over the ocean as I do most days and know that I have an entire day ahead uninterrupted in which to write a few pages take a walk with my dog read and listen to music I am flooded with happiness I m lonely only when I am overtired when I have worked too long without a break when from the time being I feel empty and need filling up And I am lonely sometimes when I come back home after a lecture trip when I have seen a lot of people and talked a lot and am full to the brim 边缘 with experience that needs to be sorted out 挑选 选择 Then for a little while the house feels huge and empty and I wonder where my self 本性 本我 is hiding It has to be recaptured slowly by watering the plants and perhaps by looking again at each one 指代 plant 植物 as though it were a person It takes a while as I watch the surf 水浪 blowing up in fountains 喷泉 but the moment 指 the lonely moment comes when the worlds falls away and the self emerges again from the deep unconscious 潜意识 bringing back all I have recently experienced to be explored and slowly understood 参考译文 只有我在非常疲劳的时候 在我不断工作了很长时间以后 在我倍感空虚 需 要充实时候 我才会感到寂寞 而有时候在我结束巡回演讲回家的时候 在讲了很多话后 而且有太多经历需要整理时 我也会感到寂寞 于是 有那么一会儿 我感到房子又大又 空 我都不知道我的自我又到哪里去了 这时 我必须给植物浇水 并挨个瞅瞅 仿佛他 们是有生命的精灵一般 这样我才能慢慢找到我的那个自我 很长一段时间 我看着水浪 从喷泉中喷涌而出 但只有当世界在我身边逐渐消失 当我再次从我内心深处的无意识中 冒出来时 带给我最近的种种经历 让我探究 让我慢慢领会时 我才会感到寂寞 当我 因为持续工作太久而感觉疲劳空虚 需要充实一下的时候 我会觉得孤独 有时 我出差 做讲座 见很多人 说很多话 回来后脑子里很多东西需要理一理 这时我也会觉得孤独 2003 英译汉英译汉 In his classic novel The Pioneers James Fennimore Cooper has his hero a land developer take his cousin on a tour of the city he is building He describes the broad streets rows of houses and a teeming metropolis But his cousin looks around bewildered All she sees is a forest Where are the beauties and improvements which you were to show me she asks He s astonished she can t see them Where Why everywhere he replies For thought they are not yet built on earth he has built them in his mind and they are as concrete to him as if they were already constructed and finished Cooper was illustrating a distinctly American trait future mindedness the ability to see the present from the vantage point of the future the freedom to feel unencumbered by the past and more emotionally attached to things to come As Albert Einstein once said Life for the American is always becoming never being 参考译文 在其经典小说 开拓者 中 詹姆士 菲尼摩尔 库珀让主人公 一个土地开发 商 带他的表妹参观正在由他承建的一座城市 他描述了宽阔的街道 林立的房屋 热闹 的都市 他的表妹环顾四周 大惑不解 她所看见的只是一片树林 你想让我看的那些美 景和改造了的地方在哪儿啊 她问道 他见表妹看不到那些东西 感到很惊讶 哪儿 到处 都是啊 他答道 虽然那些东西还未建成在大地上 但他已在心中将它们建好了 对他来 说 它们都是实实在在的 宛如已建成竣工一样 库珀这里阐明的是一种典型的美国人特性 着眼于未来 即能够从未来的角度看待现在 可以自由地不为过去所羁绊 而在情感上更多地依附于未来的事物 正如阿尔伯特 爱因斯 坦曾经说过的那样 对美国人来说 生活总是在发展变化中 从来不会静止不变 2002 英译汉 The word winner and loser have many meanings When they refer to a person as a winner we do not mean one who makes some else lose To us a winner is one who responds authentically by being credible trustworthy responsive and genie both as an individual and as a member of a society Winners do not decide their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be rather they are themselves and so much do not use their energy putting on a performance maintaining pretence 伪装 and manipulating 操纵 others They are aware that there is a difference between being loving and acting loving between being stupid and acting stupid between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable Winners do not need to hide behind a mask 参考译文 胜者不会穷其毕生精力 去拘泥于某个他们所想象的为人之道 相反 他们会保 持其真我本色 并且 作为这种追求真我的仁者 他们不会绞尽脑汁装腔作势 维持一种 自命不凡的姿态 或去操纵他人 他们深知 在真心关爱和虚情假意之间 在顽固不化和 大智若愚之间 在真才实学和装学富五车之间 实质上都存在着天壤之别 成功者无需面 具掩藏自我 2001 英译汉英译汉 Possession for its own sake or in competition with the rest of the neighbo rhood would have been Thoreau s idea of the low levels The active discipline o f heightening one s perception of what is enduring in nature wou