牛津小学英语熟记资料(2012年).doc

牛津小学英语熟记资料Have、Has和There be结构1、There be结构包括there is there are there was there were2、意思都是“有”。3、和have、has、had的区别：（1）There be 句型表示：在某地有某物（或人） （2）在there be 句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用is ; 主语是复数，be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品，be 动词根据最近be 动词的那个名词决定。 （3）there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。 （4）there be句型与have(has) 的区别：there be 表示在某地有某物（或人）；have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。 （5）some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用：some 用于肯定句， any 用于否定句或疑问句。 （6）and 和or 在there be句型中的运用：and 用于肯定句， or 用于否定句或疑问句。（7）针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是： How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语？ How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语？ （8）针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是： Whats + 介词短语？ （9）There be结构一般用在句子的开头，而have等词只能用于某一个主语后面。some和any都有“一些”的意思 some用在肯定句中，any用在否定句或疑问句中。 【注1】但表示期望得到肯定回答的疑问句中用some。 【注2】any还有“任何”的意思，some没有人称代词物主代词主格宾格形容词性名词性我Ime我的mymine你，你们youyou你的，你们的youryours他hehim他的hishis她sheher她的herhers它itit它的itsits我们weus我们的ourours他（她，它）们theythem他（她，它）们的theirtheirs特殊疑问句 What (问什么事,什么物或什么工作) What are you doing？Im reading.What is that?Its a book.hat is she?(Whats her job?)Shes a nurse.What colour(问颜色)What colour is your coat?Its red.What shape (问形状)What shape is the moon?Its a circle.What time（时间）What time is it?Whats the time?Its seven.What job(职业)Whats your job?Im a student.What time/when(什么时候)What time/ When do you get up?I get up at six thirty.When is your birthday?Its on the 21st of December.Which（哪一个）Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one?The yellow is mine. Who（谁）Who is the man with a big nose?Hes my uncle.Whose（谁的）Whose bag is it?Whose is this bag?Its his bag.Where（哪里）Where is my ball pen?Its under the book.Why（为什么）Why do you like summer?I like summer becauseHow many （多少）How many books are there in the school bag?There are four books in the school bag.How old （几岁）How old is the young man?Hes nineteen.How much（多少钱）How much is the toy bear?Its eleven yuan.How （怎么样）How do you go to school everyday?I go to school by car.How far (多远)How far is it from here?Its 5 kilometers away.How about (怎么样)I like pandas. How about you?Me too.基数词和序数词1 one first/1st 第一2 two second/2nd 第二3 three third/3rd 第三4 four fourth/4th 第四5 five fifth/5th 第五6 six sixth/6th 第六7 seven seventh/7th 第七8 eight eighth/8th 第八9 nine ninth/9th 第九10 ten tenth/10th 第十11 eleven eleventh/11th 第十一12 twelve twelfth/12th 第十二13 thirteen thirteenth/13th 第十三14 fourteen fourteenth/14th 第十四15 fifteen fifteenth/15th 第十五16 sixteen sixteenth/16th 第十六17 seventeen seventeenth/17th 第十七18 eighteen eighteenth/18th 第十八19 nineteen nineteenth/19th 第十九20 twenty twentieth/20th 第二十21 Twenty-one twenty-first/21st 第二十一22 Twenty-two twenty-second/22nd 第二十二23 Twenty-three twenty-third/23rd 第二十三30 thirty thirtieth/30th 第三十40 forty fortieth/40th 第四十50 fifty fiftieth/50th 第五十60 sixty sixtieth/60th 第六十70 seventy seventieth/70th 第七十80 eighty eightieth/80th 第八十90 ninety ninetieth/90th 第九十100 hundred hundredth/100th 第一百1单数变为复数a一般情况下，直接加-s， b以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches class(classes)c以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries，hobby(hobbies)，country(countries)firefly(fireflies)， butterfly(butterflies)，dragonfly(dragonflies)d以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives leafleaves（树叶）e不规则名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet ,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese this(these)that(those)am/is(are) 2近义词many(a lot of)(lots of) usually(often)(always) quick(fast) toilet WC listen hear class lessoneveryone everybody glass cup large bigglad happy like love little smallphoto picture purse wallet start beginhomehouse learnstudy beautifulprettyusually often look see cycle bikenear beside hi hello quick fastgarden park desk table speak say talkriver lake go home come home of course surea moment ago just nowa lot of lots of many take a bus by busbe good at do well intake a walk go for a walkbe from come from would like want look for find 3反义词here(there) fine(bad) yes(no) ill(well) plus(minus) on(under)big（大的）- small（小的） bad（坏的）- good（好的）bright（明亮的）- dark（黑暗的） black（黑的）- white（白的）beautiful（美的）- ugly（丑的） cold（冷的）- hot（热的）cool（凉爽的）- warm（温暖的） come（来）- go（去）cry（哭）- laugh（笑） clever（聪明的）- stupid（笨的）different（不同的）- same （相同的） difficult（难的）- easy（容易的）dirty（脏的）- clean（干净的） day（白天）- night（夜晚）early（早的）- late（迟的） fast（快的）- slow（慢的）glad（高兴的）- sad（悲伤的） inside（里面的）- outside（外面的）in（里面）- out（外面） large（大的）- little（小的）left（左）- right（右） quiet（安静的）- noisy（吵闹的）new（新的）- old（旧的） loose（松的）- tight（紧的）like（喜欢）- hate（厌恶） open（开）- close（关）quick（快的）- slow（慢的） stand（站）- sit（坐）short（矮的）- tall（高的） short（短的）- long（长的）thick（厚的）- thin（薄的） thin（瘦的）- fat（肥的）up（向上）- down（向下） wrong（错的）- right（对的）weak（弱的）- strong（强壮的） young（年轻的）- old（年老的）4同音词Uu(you) Ii(eye) arentaunt redread(过) arentaunt blueblew(过)c-see(看见)-sea(海洋) b-be(是；成为)-bee(蜜蜂) two(to)(too)y-why(为什么) for(为)-four hi(喂)-high(高) no(不)-know(知道) by(通过)-bye(再见)- buy son(儿子)-sun(太阳)our(我们的)-hour(小时) right(对的)-write(写) meet(遇见)-meat(肉)hear(听见)-here(这儿) there(在那里)-their(他/她/它们的) Tt(tea)dear(亲爱的)-deer(鹿） pear(梨)-pair(一双/副) weight(重量)-wait(等待)father(父亲)-farther(较远地) its(它是)-its(它的) whos(谁是)-whose(谁的)theyre(他/她/它们是)-their(他/她/它们的) 5现在分词grow(growing) water(watering) keep(keeping) fight(fighting) play(playing) turn(turning) touch(touching) travel(traveling) collect(collecting) stay(staying) (去e加ing)like(liking) take(taking) make(making) dance(dancing) have(having) write(writing)(双写最后一个字母加ing) run(running) swim(swimming) jog(jogging) stop(stopping) shop(shopping) sit(sitting) put(putting) begin(beginning) chat (chatting)plan(planning)6动词的第三人称单数形式look(looks) like(likes) run(runs) dance(dances) stay(stays) play(plays)begin(begins) have(has) watch(watches) catch(catches) touch(touches) go(goes) do(does) have(has) finish / finishes： do(does) study(studies)哪些主语是第三人称单数一、人称代词he, she, it是第三人称单数二、单个人名、地名或称呼作主语；是第三人称单数。单数可数名词或this / that / the+单数可数名词作主语时，是第三人称单数。四、不定代词someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something等及指示代词this, that作主语时，是第三人称单数。六、当数字或字母作主语时，看作第三人称单数。7完整形式 Ive(I have) Im=I am hes=he is shes=she is theyre=they areyoure=you are theres=there is theyre=they are cant=can not dont=do not doesnt=does not isnt=is not arent=are not lets=let us wont=will not Ill=I willwasnt=was not总结：通常情况下，m即am，s即is（但 lets=let us）， re即are ，nt即not（但cant=can not）8名词所有格Ben(Bens)Mike(Mikes) Su Yang(Su Yangs) Helen(Helens)Childerns Day(儿童节), my sisters book(我姐姐的书) Teachers Day(教师节) todays newspaper(今天的报纸), ten minutes break(十分钟的课间休息), Lucy and Lilys bedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室)、 “of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格,如：a friend of my fathers(我父亲的一位朋友), a friend of mine(我的一位朋友)9主格his(he) her(she) me(I) them(they) your(you) us(we)10宾格she(her) he(him) I(me) you(you) they(them) we(us) it(it)11.形容词-副词（一般直接加，“元e”去e加，“辅y”改i加，“le”结尾e改y）real-really; helpful-helpfully; quick-quickly busy-busily; angry-angrily; easy-easily truetruly, happyhappily, possiblepossibly.12.动词的过去式：is/amwas,arewere,dodid,have/hashad,makemade,fly-flew/u:/eatate,taketook,runran,singsang,drinkdrank形容词的比较级 一般的直接在词尾加er ，如 tall - taller , strong - stronger , 以e结尾的，直接加r ，如 fine finer , 以辅音字母加y结尾的，先改y为i再加er，如funny - funnier 双写最后的字母再加er，如1. fatfatterfattest2. thinthinnerthinnest3. hothotterhottest4. redredderreddest5. wetwetterwettest6. bigbiggerbiggest除此之外，还有几个特殊的单词，它的比较级和最高级都是不规则的，如：many / much（原形） more（比较级） most（最高级）little / few（原形） less （比较级） least（最高级）good（原形） better（比较级） best（最高级）bad （原形） worse（比较级） worst（最高级）far （原形） further furthest附加：形容词的最高级变化类似于比较级，只是把词尾的er改成est，如：tall （原形）- taller （比较级）- tallest （最高级）long（原形）- longer（比较级）- longest（最高级）big （原形）- bigger（比较级）- biggest（最高级）多音节和部分双音节的词需要在形容词原级前more构成比较级，the most构成最高级。 beautiful more beautiful the most beautiful . delicious , popular , important , interesting , expensive 双音节的词如:carefulmore careful the most careful useful more useful the most useful . 少数单音节词也是这样如：pleasedmore pleased the most pleased tiredmore tried the most tired冠词定冠词the 不定冠词a / an的用法：几个用不定冠词的习语：a bit(一点), a little(一点), a few(几个), a lot (许多), a kind of(一种), a pair of(一副、一双), a number of(大量的), a piece of (一张、一片), half an hour(半小时), have a good time(玩得开心), have a cold(感冒), make a noise(发出嘈杂声), have/take a (rest等)(休息)一会儿,等等。介词：时间名词前所用介词的速记歌年月周前要用in，日子前面却不行。 遇到几号要用on，上午下午又是in。 要说某日上下午，用on换in才能行。 午夜黄昏须用at，黎明用它也不错。 at也用在明分前，说“差”可要用上to， 说“过”只可使用past，多说多练牢牢记， 莫让岁月空蹉跎。 【伴随/状态介词】 at在(上班/休息/上学/家,etc.),in穿着(衣服/颜色), on在(值日), with与一起,有/带着/长着.记住一些固定词组： on foot(步行), at night(在晚上), play with(玩耍), look out of(朝外面看), with ones help(在的帮助下),look after(照料),look for(寻找),on a bike(=by bike)骑车, help sb. with(帮某人做)等等。at the cinema at the moment. 在电影院的时候ask the policeman for help.问问警察求助。.be good at sth or doing sth,擅长做某事，固定搭配。do do well in在方面做得好be good at=do well in far form 远离 far form + 地点 这里是否定句，不远 far away 表示远离的意思， far away form +地点 。在公路上用on the road，在街道上用in the street，at hospital 大夫、干净工在工作in hospatial 只指病人住院。in hospitalin the school是指在学校里,不一定是学习,也可以是在干其他的事情.而at school 只表示上学小学阶段不规则动词全表原形 过去式Past tense1. am, iswas 2. keepkept3. arewere 4. letlet5. become became6. make made7. begin began8. meet met9. bite bit10. put put11. blow blew12. read read13. buy bought14. ride rode15. catch caught16. run ran17. come came18. say said19. cost cost20. see saw21. cut cut22. sing sang23.dig dug24. sit sat25.do did26. sleep slept27. draw drew28. speak spoke29. drink drank30. sweep swept31. eat ate32. take took33. fall fell34.teach taught35. feed fed36. tell told37.feel felt38.think thought39. fly flew40. throw threw41.forget forgot42.understand understood43. get got44. give gave45. wake woke46. go went 47. wear wore48. grow grew49. winwon50. have/has had51. write wrote52. know knew不规则动词变化表词义 现在（原形） 过去 -ing形（动名词） 是 am (be) was being 是 are (be) were being 是 be was, were being 做 do, does did doing来 come came coming 能 can could -有 have, has had having成为 become became becoming 开始 begin began beginning 弯曲 bend bent bending 吹 blow blew blowing 买 buy bought buying 捕捉 catch caught catching 选择 choose chose choosing 切 cut cut cutting 画 draw drew drawing 饮 drink drank drinking 吃 eat ate eating 感觉 feel felt feeling 发现 find found finding 飞 fly flew flying 忘记 forget forgot forgetting 得到 get got getting 给 give gave giving 走 go went going 成长 grow grew growing 听 hear heard hearing 受伤 hurt hurt hurting 保持 keep kept keeping 知道 know knew knowing 学习 learn learned, learnt learning 允许，让 let let letting 躺 lie lay lying 制造 make made making 可以 may might - 意味 mean meant meaning 会见 meet met meeting 必须 must must - 放置 put put putting 读 read read reading 骑、乘 ride rode riding 响、鸣 ring rang ringing 跑 run ran running 说 say said saying 看见 see saw seeing 将 shall should - 唱歌 sing sang singing 坐下 sit sat sitting 睡觉 sleep slept sleeping 说 speak spoke speaking 度过 spend spent spending take took takingcare-careful（形容词）forget-forgetfulbeauty-beatifulcolour-colourfuluse-useful月份一月 January 二月 February 三月 Marcy 四月 April 五月 May 六月 June 七月 July 八月 August 九月 September 十月 October 十一月 November 十二月 December中国主要节日英语翻译元旦(1月1日)NewYearsDay春节(农历一月一日)theSpringFestival元宵节(农历一月十五日)theLanternFestival国际劳动妇女节(3月8日)InternationalWorkingWomensDay植树节(3月12日)ArborDay邮政节(3月20日)PostalDay世界气象节(3月23日)WorldMeteorologyDay清明节(4月5日)ChingMingFestival;Tomb-sweepingFestival国际劳动节(5月1日)InternationalLabourDay中国青年节(5月4日)ChineseYouthDay护士节(5月12日)NursesFestival端午节(农历五月初五)theDragonBoatFestival国际儿童节(6月1日)InternationalChildrensDay中国共产党成立纪念日(7月1日)thePartysBirthday建军节(8月1日)theArmysDay中秋节(农历八月十五)Mid-autumn(Moon)Festival教师节(9月10日)TeachersDay重阳节(农历九月九日)Double-ninthDay国庆节(10月1日)NationalDay除夕(农历十二月三十日)NewYearsEve固定短语1.让某人做某事 Let sb do(动词原形) sth（宾格us me them her him it ）2.喜欢做某事 like doing sth3.想要做某事 would like to do sth4.想要某东西 would like sth5.对某人谈论某事 talk to sb about6.尝试做某