湖南省祁东县高考英语一轮复习 暑假阅读理解选练（三）.doc

湖南祁东县2017高考英语暑假阅读理解选练（三）2016高考训练题。阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d）中，选出最佳选项。the baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital. she is quiet but alert（警觉）. twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it. she stares at it carefully. a researcher removes the card and replaces it by another, this time with the spots differently spaced. as the cards change from one to the other, her gaze（凝视）starts to lose its focus-until a third, with three black spots, is presented. her gaze returns: she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card. can she tell that the number two is different from three, just 24 hours after coming into the world?or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer? the same experiment, but with three spots shown before two, shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes. perhaps it is just the newness? when slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects (a comb, a key, an orange and so on), changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves. could it be the pattern that two things make, as opposed to three? no again. babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three, or three to two. the effect even crosses between senses. babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two; likewise（同样地）when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.1babies are sensitive to the change in _.a. the size of cards b. the colour of picturesc. the shape of patternsd. the number of objects2why did the researchers test the babies with drumbeats?a. to reduce the difficulty of the experiment b. to see how babies recognize soundsc. to carry their experiment further d. to keep the babes interest.3where does this text probably come from?a. science fiction b. childrens literaturec. an advertisement d. a science report参考答案13、dcd试题分析：本文属于科学研究类的短文，研究婴儿对于外界声音和变化的反应。科学家在实验中使用了不同的刺激物对婴儿进行刺激以证明研究的准确性。1d 细节题。根据第一段后4行as the cards change from one to the other, her gave（凝视）starts to lose its focus-until a third, with three black spots, is presented. her gaze returns: she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card.可知当眼前黑点变成3个的时候，孩子的注意力又恢复了。故d项正确。2c 推理题。根据文章最后三行babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two; likewise（同样地）when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots. 可知使用敲鼓的声音来进行试验，就是为了更进一步了解具体情况。故c正确。3d 推理题。本文属于科学研究类的短文，研究婴儿对于外界声音和变化的反应。所以最可能是从科学报告里摘录出来的内容。故d正确。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d）中，选出最佳选项。it is pretty much a one-way street. while it may be common for university researchers to try their luck in the commercial world, there is very little traffic in the opposite direction. pay has always been the biggest deterrent, as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job. for some industrial scientists, however, the attractions of academia (学术界) outweigh any financial considerations.helen lee took a 70% cut in salary when she moved from a senior post in abbott laboratories to a medical department at the university of cambridge. her main reason for returning to academia mid-career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions. some areas of inquiry have few prospects of a commercial return, and lees is one of them.the impact of a salary cut is probably less severe for a scientist in the early stages of a career. guy grant, now a research associate at the unilever centre for molecular informatics at the university of cambridge, spent two years working for a pharmaceutical (制药的) company before returning to university as a post-doctoral researcher. he took a 30% salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater intellectual opportunities.higher up the ladder, where a pay cut is usually more significant, the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the transition (转换) to academia more attractive, according to lee. industrial scientists tend to receive training that academics do not, such as how to build a multidisciplinary team, manage budgets and negotiate contracts. they are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate, says lee, perhaps experience in manufacturing practice or product development. “only a small number of undergraduates will continue in an academic career. so someone leaving university who already has the skills needed to work in an industrial lab has far more potential in the job market than someone who has spent all their time on a narrow research project.”12. by “a one-way street” (line 1, para. 1), the author means _.a .university researchers know little about the commercial worldb. there is little exchange between industry and academiac. few industrial scientists would quit to work in a universityd. few university professors are willing to do industrial research13. what was helen lees major consideration when she changed her job in the middle of her career?a. flexible work hours. b. her research interests.c .her preference for the lifestyle on campus. d. prospects of academic accomplishments.14. guy grant chose to work as a researcher at cambridge in order to _. a. do financially more rewarding work b. raise his status in the academic worldc. enrich his experience in medical research d. exploit better intellectual opportunities15. what contribution can industrial scientists make when they come to teach in a university? a. increase its graduates competitiveness in the job market. b. develop its students potential in research.c. help it to obtain financial support from industry. d. gear its research towards practical applications.【参考答案】1215、cbda阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c、d）中，选出最佳选项。people being tested for radiation exposurethe crisis at the damaged fukushima dai-ichi nuclear power station in northern japan has raised worries about radiation risks. we spoke tuesday with jonathan links, an expert in radiation health sciences. he is a professor at the johns hopkins bloomberg school of public health in maryland.professor links says workers within the nuclear plant are the only people at risk of extremely high doses of radiation.jonathan links: of course, we dont know what doses theyve received, but the only persons at risk of acute radiation effects are the workers.for other people, he says, there may be a long-term worry. people can get cancer from low doses of ionizing radiation, the kind released in a nuclear accident.professor links says scientists can use computers to quickly model where radioactive material has blown and settled. then they measure how large an area is contaminated. he says if the situation is serious enough, officials could take steps like telling people not to eat locally grown food or drink the water.jonathan links: but that would only be the case if there was a significant release and, because of wind direction, the radioactive material was blown over the area, and then settled out of the air into and onto water, plants, fruits and vegetables.the reactors at fukushima are on the pacific coast. but professor links says people should not worry about any radioactive material leaking into the ocean.jonathan links: even in a worst-case scenario accident, the sea provides a very high degree of dilution. so the concentration of radioactivity in the seawater would still be quite low.japan is the only country to have had atomic bombs dropped on it. that memory fromworld war two would create a stronger psychological sensitivity to radiation exposure, professors links says.next month is the twenty-fifth anniversary of the explosion and fire that destroyed a reactor at chernobyl in ukraine. the nineteen eighty-six event was the worlds worst accident in the nuclear power industry.a new united nations report says more than six thousand cases of thyroid cancer have been found. these are in people who were children in affected areas of belarus, russia and ukraine. the report says that by two thousand five the cancers had resulted in fifteen deaths.the cancers were largely caused by drinking contaminated milk. the milk came from cows that ate grass where radioactive material had fallen.to get the latest updates, go to . contributing: james brooke8. the passage mainly tells us _.a. what measures the japan government takes to solve the nuclear crisis .b. worries and influences caused by the nuclear crisis .c. with great efforts of scientists , the japan government has put the nuclear crisis under control .d. to explain that the nuclear crisis has less effect on its neighboring countries.9. which of the following is not the influences caused by the leak of fukushima dai-ichi nuclear power station?a. workers at the nuclear station are suffering the risk of death .b. people can get cancer from low doses of ionizing radiation, the kind released in a nuclear accident.c. the radioactive material may be blown over the area causing the pollution to water .d. the concentration of radioactivity in the seawater can not be diluted.10. whats the meaning of the underlined word “dilution”?a. chemical b. salt c. dissolutiond. elimination11. according to the passage which of the following is not true ?a. water people drink ,food and vegetables people eat may be polluted by nuclear radiation .b. japan is the only country to have had atomic bombs dropped on it.c. you can go to . to get the latest news .d. the nuclear accident in japan is the worst in the nuclear power industry.【参考答案】811、bdcd 阅读理解。the earths most rich resourcewater has become one of the most precious resources in the united states as rivers, lakes, and freshwater reservoirs are increasingly exploited for human use. consequently, using precise farming techniques to refine “irrigation scheduling” is a research area of particular interest to susan moran, a researcher with the us department of agriculture. she explains that in the southwest, irrigation is both difficult and expensive. there, she says, farmers have a tendency to over irrigate, spending both more time and money than necessary. “im trying to provide new information that could be used by farmers to schedule irrigations to improve their profitability and use less water,” moran says. “farmers often look at weather changes and then schedule irrigation based on that information. but if they had better information, they could use scientific models to compute more precisely how much water their crop is using.” rather than guessing their crops potential need for water based upon weather changes, farmers can use remote sensors to measure how much water their crop is actually using. this would give them a more accurate measure of how much more water it needs. moran believes that if farmers are getting good and timely measurements of plant and air temperature, then they can program when and how much water to give each crop through an irrigation system. no more water would be used than needed, thus saving cost and conserving water. moran introduces one study she conducted in arizona to investigate the use of remote sensing data for scheduling cotton irrigations. typically, those farmers irrigate ten times per growing season, but evidence showed that some of those farmers could achieve basically the same harvest with only nine irrigations. “in those cases, one less irrigation saved more than all the cost of remote sensing data，” she states. “both irrigation and satellite remote sensing data are expensive. but then again many farmers are used to working together as a group. they are used to sharing. im hoping they could do the same with remote sensing datapurchase one scene over a large area to cover many farms, which would further reduce the cost.”1. what does moran think is the problem with farmers?a. overused reservoirs.b. precision farming. c. irrigation researches. d. overirrigation.答案解析：答案为d。 由第一段最后一句话 “ farmers have a tendency to over irrigate, spending both more time and money than necessary.” 可知，答案为d。2. how can farmers get the new information about their crop?a. to reschedule irrigation as required.b. to watch weather changes regularly.c. to use remote sensors as researchers suggest.d. to use scientific models since computing is more reliable. 答案解析：答案为c。本题为细节题。从第三段 “farmers can use remote sensors to measure how much water their crop is actually using.” 可知答案为c。本题容易错选d项。题干问的是 “农民如何得到关于庄稼的