分词讲义.doc

戴氏教育集团 西安戴氏高考中考培训中心兴平总校 西安戴氏名师中心 高二英语精品班第7次 田老师DSE精英英语高二专题系列 现在分词作状语 知识点精讲透析 分词作状语用法是所有分词用法中最重要的，也是最难掌握的。历年的高考英语考题也说明，分词作状语的用法是所有分词用法中最常考的。 分词在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语.考点一、现在分词作状语，表主动、进行，相当于一个状语从句，根据需要可以使用被动式或完成式。 Studying at the hometown, I enjoyed the happiest time during my life.Being ill, she cant go to work today. The children ran out of the room, laughing and jumping. 1. He sent me an e-mail, _ to get further information. A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope 2. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away, _ into the woods. A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappeared C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing2、 现在分词的时态语态 1. 现在分词的一般式由“动词+ing”构成，其被动式为“being+动词过去分词”。 例如：The students standing there are from Class Three. The English novel being translated by the editor now will be completed in October. 2. 现在分词的完成式由“having +动词过去分词”构成，其被动式为“having +been+动词过去分词”。 例如：Having finished all the work, they had a good rest. Having been given the right answer, the teacher asked me to sit down. Given more time, we will finish the work in time. 3. 现在分词的否定式为“not +动词-ing”，被动式的否定式为“not+being+动词过去分词”，其完成式的否定式为“not + having +动词过去分词”。 例如：Not reading carefully, he wouldnt find many things he had not known before. Not being noticed by the public, the young writer felt a little pity. 1. _ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes. A. Suffered B. Suffering C. Having suffered D. Being suffered 2. Finding her car stolen, _. A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searched thoroughly C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help 2、 过去分词作状语过去分词只有一种形式，即done，表被动。 The mother came in, followed by her son. When heated，water will be turned into steam. Deeply moved by the film, we all cried. Born into a poor family, he had no more than two years of schooling. 1_ from the top of the TV tower, and we can get a beautiful sight of most of the city. A. To see B. Seen C. Seeing D. See 2. _ in 1613, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United Stated. 三、过去分词与V-ing作状语的区别 1. 分词在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语。A. being founded B. Founded C. It was founded D. Founding 2. V-ing表示主动、进行的动作；2. 过去分词表示被动。 Seen from a distance, the mountain looked like an elephant. Seeing the mountain, he always thinks of his childhood. 1. _ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited 2. _ alone in the dark room, the little boy was so frightened as to cry. A. Leaving B. Left C. To be left D. Having left 3._ by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farms. A. Attracting B. Attracted C. To be attracted D. Having attracted 4. The children ran out of the room, _. A laughed and jumped B To laugh and jump C laughing and jumping D laugh and jump 用所给词的适当形式填空 1. _ (see) from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful to us. 2. _ (give) time, hell make a first class tennis player. 3. _ (look) out of the window, I found many children playing on the playground. 3、连词+分词做状语：分词做状语常和某些连词连用，表示分词是做什么状语，常见的和分词连用的连词有When，because，if，though，once，unless等。 1. Generally speaking, _ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. A. When taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken_, this film can never been forgotten. A Once seeing B once having seen C Once seen D Once to see 四、分词作状语相当于状语从句 分词在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语。 一、用作时间状语，分词(短语)用作时间状语通常可转换成由when, while, after, before等引导时间状语从句。 典型例句 Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off. When As soon as the mouse saw the cat, it ran off. 高考实例 When _different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared 【分析】此题答案选C，分词短语when comparing different cultures相当于时间状语从句when we compare different cultures。 二、用作原因状语，分词(短语)用作原因状语通常可转换成由as, because, since, now that 等引导的原因状语从句。 Being very weak, she couldnt move. As she was very weak, she couldnt move.Much discouraged, she moved on to Beijing. Because she was much discouraged, she moved on to Beijing. 高考实例 (1) _with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face 【分析】答案选A。过去分词短语faced with so much trouble可转换成原因状语从句because we were faced with so much trouble。 (2) _for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. A. Blaming B. Blamed C. To blame D. To be blamed 【分析】答案选B。过去分词短语blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network 可转换成原因状语从句because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network。 三、用作条件状语，分词(短语)用作条件状语通常可转换成由从属连词if引导的条件状语从句。 典型例句 Working hard, you will succeed. If you work hard, you will succeed. Adding them all up, we can find the answer. If we add them all up, we can find the answer.United, we stand; divided, we fall. If we are united, we stand; if we are divided, we fall. Given more time, we could have done it better. If we had been given more time, we could have done it better. 高考实例 _ time, hell make a first-class tennis player. A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given 【分析】答案选D。give 与其逻辑主语 he 是动宾关系，用过去分词，故选 D。分词短语 Given time 可转换成条件状语从顺 If he is given time。 四、用作让步状语，分词(短语)用作让步状语通常可转换成由从属连词though, although, no matter等引导的让步状语从句。 Although living miles away, he attended the course. Although he lived miles away, he attended the course. Defeated, he remained a popular boxer. Thought he was defeated, he remained a popular boxer.高考实例 No matter how frequently _, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world. A. performed B. performing C. to be performed D. being performed 【分析】答案选A。过去分词短语performed在此相当于they are performed。 No matter how frequently they are performed的意思是“无论它们（指贝多芬的作品）被演奏多少次”。 五、用作伴随状语，表示的动作伴随句子谓语动作同时发生，即句子谓语所表示的动作为主要动作，分词短语所表示的动作伴随性的次要动作。 典型例句 He sat in the chair reading a newspaper. D高考实例 (1) Dont sit there _ nothing. Come and help me with this table. A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing (2) My cousin came to see me from the country, _ me a full basket of fresh fruits. A. brought B. bringing C. to bring D. had brought ont you sit there doing nothing. He came in, followed by his wife.(3) Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always _ the same thing. A. saying B. said C. to say D. having said (4) We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, _ that all children like these things. A. thinking B. think C. to think D. thought 【分析】以上四题答案分别为CBAA。 六、用作方式状语，有时用作方式状语的现在分词可以转换成by doing sth的结构。 典型例句He earns a living driving a truck. He earns a living by driving a truck. I