英语-旅游英语选读.doc

机密第 - 34 - 页2020-2-2 旅游英语选读讲义旅游英语选读 课程概述一、 课程性质和学习目的“旅游英语选读”是高等教育自学考试英语专业中的一门选修课，是专门为提高自学应考者的语言水平和旅游知识水平而设置的。 随着旅游业的蓬勃发展，越来越多的人投身于这项事业。旅游业，作为一个涉及面极广的产业，要求从业人员不但具有较高的外语水平，而且具备丰富的旅游专业知识。为了帮助英语专业自学应考者更好地掌握英语知识和旅游专业知识，本书课文主要选自国外最新旅游教科书和国外报刊杂志，难度适中，力求在巩固已学过的英语知识的基础上，扩大旅游专业词汇，提高英文阅读与翻译能力。自学应考者通过学习这些优秀的旅游英语文章，不仅能掌握旅游基本知识，而且对现代旅游、旅游业、旅游的作用于影响及世界旅游现状有所了解，为将来在旅游行业中从事业务工作、管理工作和开展科研工作打下良好的基础。 按照本大纲设定的考核知识点和考核要求认真学习，对自学应考者顺利通过本课程的考试会有极大的帮助。二、 有关能力层次要求的说明为了使个人自学、社会助学和考试命题有统一而明确的目标可循，本大纲更可能将考试内容落实到具体的考核点，对考核点的能力程度要求分为两个层次：记忆，了解。记忆主要指的是：有关旅游的术语、主要概念和定义、重点词汇的运用等。了解，主要指的是：课文的重要内容，要求考生在了解的基础上，掌握内容大意，并能用自己的语言表达出来。三、 关于自学教材旅游英语选读（全国高等教育自学考试指导委员会办公室组编）修月祯主编，高等教育出版社，1999四、 关于自学方法(一) 认真领会大纲。鉴于自学者受学习条件的限制，通常缺乏教师当面、及时的辅导，在大纲中，明确规定了本课程的考试内容和考核目标，以及命题比例和试题题型。因此，在学习课文前，首先阅读大纲，认真领会其内容，做到以大纲为指导自学的准则。(二) 采取灵活的学习方法。旅游英语选读在编写过程中，遵循了旅游专业的一般性知识体系，因而具有较强的系统性和概括性。它既是一门高年级英语阅读课（语言上有一定难度），同时又是一门旅游专业的入门课（有一定的专业性）。为达到既训练语言又增长知识的双重目标，自学者应根据自身情况，摸索灵活有效的学习方法。建议采用精读、泛读结合法，即在知识重点、语言难点处要认真、细致地去理解、分析、概括、掌握，同时又要有意识地运用泛读的一些技巧进行计时阅读，以逐步提高阅读速度，培养在有限的时间内掌握大量信息的能力。计时阅读后，可用课文后问答题来检验阅读效果，基本做到阅读两次后能正确回答70%的问题。(三) 认真参考注释。学习中除充分利用字典及其他书来解决语言困难外，课文后的注释是解惑的好帮手，其中的内容均应视为需要掌握的部分。(四) 充分利用课后练习。课后练习与课文内容密切相关，也可以说是对课文内容的充实和强化。因此，除了应按题目要求认真完成各项训练外，还要尽量从中获取专业知识与信息，特别是对一些手边资料短缺的自学者来说，这一点尤为重要。(五) 主义扩大词汇量。由于考虑到自学者的语言基础水平不一，大纲中未列词汇表，课文中出现的生词、短语都应视为需要掌握的内容。一些熟知的普通词汇用于专业术语时，应掌握其特定的含义，做到英汉、汉英互译准确、熟练。五、 本课程知识要点框架六、 关于考试命题的若干规定(一) 旅游英语课程的考试命题，应充分体现高年级专业性阅读的性质，要注意将语言技能的考核同专业知识的考核有机地结合起来。(二) 试卷可采用以下几种题型I 词组翻译理解、掌握课文中出现的旅游专业及其相关的词汇、术语，并能正确地进行英汉互译。II 动词词组搭配填空参考每篇课文后的注释，理解课文中出现的重要词汇、词组，并掌握其用法，做到在不同语境下适当、灵活地运用。III 完型填空要求考生通过对上下文、句子结构等的分析与判断，运用所学的语言及旅游专业知识对课文难度大体相当的材料进行完型填空。IV 多项选择根据课文内容从所给选项中选出正确答案。V 阅读了解检查考生运用所学的旅游知识、专业词汇阅读有关旅游题材的原版文章的能力，要求考生能够根据文章内容从个题下所列的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。VI 英译汉要求考生对与课文难度相当、题材相近的材料进行准确、流畅的英汉翻译。(三) 旅游英语的考试应根据大纲规定的考试内容来确定命题范围。“词组翻译”，“动词词组搭配”及旅游知识的“多项选择”全部试题应取自教材。“完型填空”，“阅读理解”，“英汉翻译”的考题应和教材内容相关，难度低于教材。串讲资料第一章 现代旅游Modern Tourism第一课 何谓旅游What Is Tourism?一Key Words（重要词汇）1.convention会议，大会2.professional职业的3.wilderness荒地；荒野4.hiking远足，徒步旅行5.rail栏杆6.cruise巡航，巡游7.participate参加，参与8.perspective观点；想法；景观9.psychic精神上的10.jurisdictions管辖区；权限；司法权11.interaction相互作用12.expenditure花费13.beneficial有益的，有好处的14.phenomenon现象15.encompass包括，包含16.contiguous相邻的，邻近的17.multidimentional多维的，多方面的18.discipline学科，领域19.uniform统一的，一致的20.hamper影响，妨碍21.database数据库22.trivial不重要的23.consensus一致；共鸣24.update更新，召开25.convene召集，召开26.stereotypical一成不变的，陈规的，传统的27.consecutive连续的28.exclude不包括29.domicile住处30.mileage里程；运费31.commuter通勤者32.survey调查，勘察33.metropolitan大都市的，大都会的，首府的34.miscellaneous各种各样的35.constraint限制36.temporary暂时的，短暂的37.superior优越的，更好的38.vague模糊的，不清楚的39.boundary边境的，边界的二Useful Phrases(有用短语)1.view as视为例句：He is a work addict. He views his work as the most important thing in the world.2.vital to对至关重要例句：Their cooperation is vital to the success of the company.3.be aimed at目标为例句：The presidents visit is aimed at expanding relations between the two countries.4.be related to与相关例句：The materials you have collected was not related to the theme of the e up with找到（答案），拿出（一笔钱等）例句：In order to meet the changing needs of the customers, the Research and Development Department has to come up with new products.6.arrive at达成（协议）；做出（决定）例句：He didnt know what decision the meeting would finally arrive at.7.be engaged in从事例句：He was engaged in politics. That was why he had no time for his family.三Important Terms（重要词条术语）1.leisure time余暇2.wilderness park天然公园3.the foreign exchange receipts外汇收入4.tax receipts税收收入5.the sum total总数6.income multiplier收入乘数7.august bodies权威机构8.the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development经济合作与发展组织9.international tourism国际旅游10.inbound tourism入境旅游11.outbound tourism出境旅游12.internal tourism境内旅游13.domestic tourism国内旅游14.national tourism国家级旅游四本课的学习要点1.Four different perspectives of tourismThe touristThe businesses providing tourist goods and servicesThe government of the host community or areaThe host community2.The importance of giving a definition of tourism: the lack of uniform definition has hampered study of tourism as a discipline.3.The difficulties in giving a definition of tourism: One has only to consider the multidimensional aspects of tourism and its interactions with other activities to understand why it is difficult to come up with a meaningful definition that will be universally accepted. For each of the many definitions that have arisen is aimed at fitting a special situation and solving an immediate problem, and the lack of uniform definition has hampered the study of tourism as a discipline.4.WTO definitions(1).The definition of tourism: The officially accepted definition is: “Tourism comprises the activities of persons traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes.(2).The definition of international tourism: Inbound tourism: visits to a country by nonresidents Outbound tourism: visits by residents of a country to another country.(3).The definition of internal tourism: visits by residents of a country to their own country.(4).The definition of domestic tourism: internal tourism plus inbound tourism(the tourism market of accommodation facilities and attractions within a country)(5).The definition of national tourism: internal tourism plus outbound tourism(the resident tourism market for travel agents and airlines)5.Tourism as defined by The United StatesCanadaThe United KingdomAustraliaChina第二课 大众旅游与新旅游Mass Tourism and New Tourism一Key Words（重要词汇）1.subsequent随后的2.Hellenistic希腊的3.urban城市的4.claustrophobic幽闭恐惧的5.exclusively独有地；仅有地；完全地6.era时代7.aristocracy贵族8.patronize光顾9.segment部分；切片10.nonetheless然而，不过11.timely及时的12.innovation改新13.technologically从技术上来讲14.facilitate使便利，促进15.entrepreneur（法）企业家16.initiative开始的；初步的；创始的17.acute敏感的；敏锐的；急性的18.psyche心灵；精神；自我19.herald预告；宣告20. hallmark标志，特点21.fray竞争22.effect实现23.prowess英勇，杰出才能24.privileged享有特权的25.clientele顾客；常客26.replication复制；复制品27.identical相同的，同一的28.brochure说明书；小册子；宣传册29.souvenir纪念品30.flexibility灵活性31horrendous可怕的；恐怖的32.pad垫子；缓冲器33.franchise特许，给予特权34vertical垂直的35.oligopoly求过于供；垄断36.diagonal斜的，斜纹的；对角线的37.nonstandardized非标准化的38.paradigm形式，样式39.corerstone奠基石40.celerity敏捷；迅速41homogeneous类似的，同类的42.itinerary旅行指南；旅行日志43.fuel供应燃料；支持44.surge汹涌；奔腾45.discerning有眼力的；有洞察力的二Useful Phrases(有用短语)1.hark back to例句：His family harks back to the 10th century.2.equate with例句：I dont think people will equate riches with greatness.3.coupled with例句：Working hard, coupled with lack of sleep made him weak.4.link to例句：Many companies now have linked the workers income to the result of their work.5.focus on例句：Todays presentation focus on marketing research.6.gear to例句：We have quite a few magazines which are geared to women.7.take hold例句：A bad habit will be difficult to get rid of once it has taken hold.8.spur on例句： “Wang Ling is studying very hard on her English now.”“Yes, she is spurred on by her desire to get her tour guide certificate”.三Important Terms（重要词条）1.package tours包价旅游2.mass tourism大众旅游3.charter flights包机航班4.airline oligoplies航线的寡头垄断5.diagonal integration斜向联合6.customized services按要求提供的服务项目7.dominant paradigm主要形式8.scope economies范围经济9.at the various ports of calls在不同的停靠港四本课的学习要点1.Modern tourismThe historical settingThe Grand TourThe foundation of the growth of tourism to mass tourismThe first package holiday built around air transportation2.Mass tourismThe characteristics of mass tourism: mass, standard and rigidly packaged.Four conditions for mass tourismThe evolution of mass tourism3.New tourismThe characteristics of new tourism: flexible, segmented and environmentally conscious holidays.Five main impulses driving new tourismConditions for new tourism第三课 旅游组织Tourism Organizations一Key Words（重要词汇）1.consultative咨询的2.accelerate加速，促进3.facilitate使容易；推动，帮助4.dweller居住者，居民5.liaison联络6.instrumental有帮助的，起作用的7.multilateral多变的，多国的8.phraseology措辞9.visa签证10.waybill乘客名单；运货单11.accreditation坚定合格12.aviation航空13.discrimination歧视，区别14.aeronautics航空学；航空术15.sustainable持久的16.obligation义务，职责17.marketing市场营销18.stimulus刺激物，促进因素19.mandate委任，托管20.upgrade提高，使升级二Useful Phrases(有用短语)1.access to例句：Students in our university have access to the library during the vacation.2.apply to例句：They believe that these principles can be applied to the tourism industry.3.concentrate on例句：Lets concentrate on marketing research now and talk about sales next time.4.be of use例句：Dont throw these materials away. They may be of use to someone.5.lead to例句：We cannot afford a mistake like that. It will perhaps lead to disastrous consequences.6.eligible for例句：Only native-born citizens are eligible for the US Presidency.三Important Terms（重要词条）1.tourist operators旅游经营商2.frontier formalities边境手续3.air carriers航空公司4.waybills运货单5.baggage checks行李票6.accreditation services审定工作7.contracting countries签约国四本课的学习要点1.International organizationWorld Tourism Organization(WTO)世界旅游组织International Air Transportation Association(IATA)国际航空运输公司International Civil Aviation Organization(ICAO)国际民航组织2.Regional International OrganizationOrganization for Economic Cooperation and Development(OECD)经济合作与发展组织Pacific Asia Travel Association(PATA)太亚旅协3.National OrganizationThe United States Travel and Tourism Administration(USTTA)美国旅行和旅游协会The China National Tourism Administration(CNTA)中国国家旅游局第二章 旅游者The Tourist第四课 旅游者的定义Defining the Person一Key Words(重要词汇)1.statistical统计学的，统计方面的2.commuters通勤者、经常乘车上下班者3.border边界4.resurrect复兴5.formulate用公式表达，明确地表示6.retain保留，保持7.terminology术语8.lapse（时间等的）消逝、过去9.national国民、侨民10.nomad游牧部落的人、流浪者11.emigrate移居12.install安装13.caveat防止误解的说明、警告14.jurisdiction司法权限15.census人口普查16.consensus一致同意、多数人的意见17.criterion评判的标准、规矩18.board木板、委员会、董事会19.generator发电机20.household家庭的、家用的；家人二Useful Phrases(有用短语)1.take up例句：The professor took up the lesson where he left off last time.2.evolve out of例句：It sounds as if this theory evolves out of thin air.3.be identical to例句：Marys skirt is identical to Janes.4.impose on例句：She often tries to impose her wishes on others.5.in capacity of例句：He is going to give a presentation of the marketing research in his capacity as salesman.三Important Terms（重要词条术语）1.excluded by direct reference明确指出不包括四本课的学习要点1.International travelThe first recommendation made by the Committee of Statistical ExpertsThe modification made by the IUOTODistinction between tourists and visits drew by 1963 Conference on International Travel and TourismThe distinction made between tourists and day visitors or excursionists suggested by the Expert Statistical GroupTerms and associated definitions published by the WTO in 1981： International visitor: an individual entering a country that is not his usual place of residence and who is not:(1)Intending to emigrate or to obtain employment in the destination country.(2)Visiting in the capacity of a diplomat or a member of the armed forces.(3)A dependent of anyone in the above categories.(4)A refugee, nomad, or border work(5)Going to stay for more than one year. but who is or may be:(6)Visiting for purpose of recreation, medical treatment, religious observances, family matters, sporting events, conferences, study, or transit to another country;(7)A crew member of a foreign vessel or aircraft stopped in the country on a lay-over;(8)A foreign commercial or business traveler staying for less than one year, including technicians arriving to install machinery or equipment;(9)An employee of international bodies on a mission lasting less than one year, or a national returning home for a temporary visit.International visitors are to be divided into international tourists and international excursionists:International tourists: visitors who spend at least one night in accommodation in the destination country;International excursionists: visitors who dont spend at least one night in accommodation in the destination country.2.Domestic TravelWTOs guidelines for the definition of domestic tourism:(1).Include both citizens and foreign nationals in their country as domestic travelers;(2).Excluded travel associated with pursuit of employment, such as commuting;(3).Make a distinction between extended or permanent migration and short-term migration or travel;(4).Make a further distinction between stays of more than 24 hours (or overnight) and less than 24 hours (or not involving overnight stays).Definitions made by the United StatesDefinitions made by CanadaDefinitions made by the United Kingdom第五课 实现旅游活动的条件Determining Factors of Tourism一Key Words(重要词汇)1.discretionary根据需要而使用的；便宜施行的2.resultant因而发生的；必然发生的3.spouse配偶4.venue聚集地点；会场5.excursion短途旅行；远足6.artisan手艺人；工匠7.proximity邻近，接近8.impetus推动；刺激；促进9.dramatic戏剧性的；激动人心的；给人印象深刻的10.affection喜爱；爱11.esteem尊重，尊敬12.motivate激发（某人的）兴趣；诱导13.homeostasis平衡14.disrupt将弄乱；扰乱15.perceive觉察到；注意到16.specify确切说明；详述17.socioeconomic社会经济的18.psychographic心理的19.spa矿泉，有矿泉的地方20.indicator指示者，指示器21.hierarchy等级，层次22.physiological生理的，生理机能的23.actualization成为现实，实现24.fulfillment满意，满足25.aesthetics美学26.opt选择，抉择27.longevity长寿，长命28.sunlust对阳光的渴望29.enhancement增进，促进30.kinship亲属关系31.facilitation推进，促进32.ethnic种族的；部落的33.ego自我，自己34.wanderlust想去漫游的强烈愿望35.segment部分，片段36.relive再体验（某种经历），再经历（某时期）37.recapture再次经历，重新体验38.vicariously间接感受到地；设身处地地39.embody体现；包含40.mastery控制，掌握41.competence能力，胜任42.prestige威望，威信43recognition认识，承认44.tangible明确的，确切的；可触知的45.prepotency优先46.resilient有弹性的，有弹力的二Useful Phrases(有用短语)1.indulge in例句：They indulged in expensive suppers on weekends.2.result in例句：The car accident results in four deaths.3.lay out例句：She wanted to lay out the interior of the house herself.4.begin with例句：The teacher begin her class with a short video show.5.submit to例句：She refused to submit herself to his control.6.adjust to例句：I think the first thing for you to do is to adjust yourself to the life here.7.be embodied in例句：The laws of the country are embodied in the constitution.三Important Terms（重要词条术语）1.resultant promotion这里指有工作后职位的提升2.accommodation and support facilities住宿和其他辅助设施3.the mode of travel旅行方式4.the relative proximity and easy access to resorts离旅游景点较近并且进入方便5.need deficiencies需求不足6.homeostasis平衡7.Malslows hierarchy of needs model马斯洛的需求层次模式8.opt for选择9.in light of看作10.the idea of prepotency优先原理四本课的学习要点1.Objective conditions of tourismPositive effects on demandsdiscretionary incomesincreased educational standardsincreased leisure timeimproved transportNegative effects on demands life cycle of the family2.Motivations of tourismNeedsWantsMotivesThe role of marketing people: The marketing task is to convince an individual that the purchase of whatever we are selling is the best, if not the only way of satisfying that need. To the extent that we are successful in accomplishing this, an individual will be motivated to buy.Maslows hierarchy of needs model:(1).Physiological-hunger, thirst, rest, activity(2).Safety-security, freedom from fear and anxiety(3).Belonging and love-affection, giving and receiving love(4).Esteem-self esteem and esteem from others(5).Self-actualization-personal self-fulfillmentThe relationship between needs, motives, and references from the tourism literature第六课 旅游者类型及其需求Types of Tourists and Their Needs一Key Words(重要词汇)1accommodation食宿，食宿安排2.excursion短途旅游3.secondary次要的，第二的，中级的4.intinerary行程表，旅行计划，旅行线路5.pension食宿公寓6.inadequate不足够的，不充分的7.attain获得，达到8.cachet威望，名望9.rudimentary未发展的，不完善的10.sophisticated复杂的11.trek拉车，艰苦跋涉12.terrain地区，地带13.spectacular壮观的，引人入胜的14.primitive原始的，远古的15.prestige威信，威望，声誉16.stigma耻辱17.scrimp节俭18.compulsive禁不住的，成瘾的19.hierarchical分级的，分层的20.recession衰退，猛落二Useful Phrases(有用短语)1.be ascribed to例句：They all are ascribed his success to his hard work.2.be addicted to例句：Some parents complain that their children are addicted to pop songs.4.appropriate for例句：He canceled the program because he considered it was not appropriate for the conference.5.in character with例句：The dean said that the dialogues you have chosen are not in character with the teaching situation.6.range from例句：The ages of this class ranges from 18 to 22.三Important Terms（重要词条术语）1.in that在方面2.the jargon of marketing营销学的术语3.be dictated by取决于4.the support services辅助服务5.cultural visit文化旅游6.be of prime importance最重要的7.exotic and unusual holidays猎奇旅游8.on offer出售；提供9.balanced by被所抵消10.all and sundry全部，所有的人11.rare flora and fauna珍惜植物和动物12.local color地方色彩13.travel for travels sake为了旅游而旅游14.the done thing合乎俗礼的事15.the foregoing前述各项16.business traveler商务旅游者四本课的学习重点1. Reason for travel2. PleasureThe characteristics of rest and relaxation(休息和消遣)The characteristics of cultural visits（文化旅游）The characteristics of educational visits（求学旅游）The characteristics of exotic and unusual holidays（猎奇旅游）The characteristics of travel as a norm of behavior(旅游作为一种行为标准)3. Business travelFive points which influence decisions for businessThe main characteristics of business travelBusiness travel in the United StatesBusiness travel in Britain第三章 旅行社The Travel Agency第七课 旅行代理商Travel Agents一Key Words1.outlet销路，批发商店2.dispense分配，分发3.vie争，竞争4.bulk大批，大量；大部分5.entrepreneur企业家；中间商，承包者6.commission佣金7.revenue收