高一语法必修三unit1情态动词

人教课标版高一必修3 情态动词用法 1 情态动词的语法特征 1 情态动词不能单独做谓语 除ought和have外 后面只能接不带to的不定式 2 情态动词没有人称 数的变化 但有些情态动词 如can will也有一般式和过去式的变化 3 情态动词的 时态 形式并不是时间区别的主要标志 不少情况下 情态动词的现在式形式和过去式形式都可用来表示现在时间 过去时间和将来时间 1 can的主要用法是 A 表示体力或脑力的能力 eg Thegirlcandanceverywell B 表示说话的推测 事物的可能性等 eg Canthenewsbetrue C 在口语中 can可以表示请求或允许 eg CanIsithere can和could 2 could的主要用法是 A could是can的过去式 表示与过去有关的能力和推测 eg Weallknewthattheyoungmancouldn tbeadoctor B could可以代替can表示请求 但语气较can客气 委婉 eg Couldyoulendmeyourdictionary CouldIuseyourbike 3 can和could接动词的完成形式 表示可能已经做某事 can用在否定和疑问句中 表示不相信 怀疑等态度 eg Theycan thavegoneoutbecausethelightisstillon may和might may常用来表示 A 表示请求 允许 比can较为正式 eg MayIcomein Youmaygonow B 表示说话人的猜测 也许 可能 通常只用于肯定句和否定句中 eg IbelievethemanisfromEngland ButImaybewrong Theguestmayarrivethisafternoon 在肯定句中 may的可能性比can高 may表示现实的可能性 can表示理论上的可能性 如 Theroadmaybeblocked 这条路可能不通了 Theroadcanbeblocked 这条路可能会是不通的 在疑问句中 表示可能性用can 如 Wherecanhebe 他会在哪呢 C 表示祝愿 但语气较正式 eg Mayyousucceed Mayyouhaveagoodjourney might的用法有 多在间接引语中表示过去的可能和允许 如 Shesaidthathemighttakeherbike 她说他可以拿她的自行车去用 除了在间接引语中以外 might一般不表示过去的可能或者许可 如要表示过去的可能可以用could 表示过去的许可可以用was were allowedto或者hadpermissionto 表示现在的可能 其可能性要比may小 如 Shemightgohometomorrow 说不定他明天会回家 表示现在的许可 语气比may较委婉 一般用于疑问句 包括间接疑问句 不可用于肯定句或者否定句 如 MightIhaveawordwithyou 我可以和你说句话吗 will和would 1 will是助动词或是情态动词 will用于构成将来时是助动词 用于表示 意志 决心 请求 是情态动词 would亦同理 eg Iwilltellyousomethingimportant 我要告诉你一些重要的事 助动词 WillyoutellherthatI mhere 请您告诉她说我在这儿 好吗 情态动词 2 在疑问句中用于第二人称 提出请求或询问 eg Ifyouwanthelp letmeknow willyou 如果你需要帮助 让我知道 好吗 Willyoutypethis please 请打印这个 好吗 Won tyousitdown 请坐下 好吗 3 would比will客气委婉 eg Wouldyouhelpus please 请您帮助我们 好吗 表请求 I dgotherewithyou 我要和你一块到那儿去 Teacherwouldn tallowit 老师不会允许这件事 表意愿 表许可 shall和should 1 shall用于构成将来时是助动词 shall用于征求对方的意见 表示 决心 是情态动词 eg PerhapsIshallpayavisittoEnglandthiswinter 可能今年冬天我会去英国观光 构成一般将来时 助动词 Shallwegobytrain Mom 妈妈 我们乘火车去好吗 用于征求对方的意见 情态动词 Ishallgoatonce 我必须立即去 表 决心 情态动词 2 should表示义务 建议 劝告 意为 应该 should have 过去分词 表示本应该在过去做但没有做 eg Youshouldkeepyourpromise 你应该遵守诺言 Sheshouldhavepassedtheexam 她应该通过考试的 must和haveto 1 must用于一般问句中 肯定回答用must否定式用needn t或don thaveto 做 不必 mustn t表示 禁止 不允许 MustIfinishallassignmentsatatime Yes youmust No youneedn t Idon tlikethisTVset Wemustbuyanewone Therewasnomorebus Theyhadtowalkhome 2 表示 必须 这个意思时 must和haveto稍有区别 must着重说明主观看法 haveto强调客观需要 另外 haveto能用于更多时态 Youmustbethenewteacher Hemustbejoking Thereisnobodyhere Theymusthaveallgonehome 3 must表示对某人某事的猜测 作 准是 一定 一般用于肯定句中 对过去发生的事情作肯定判断用musthavedone Hemustcomeandworryherwithquestion justwhenshewasbusycookingthedinner Ofcourse afterIgavehermyadvice shemustgoanddotheopposite 4 must表示 偏要 硬要 指做令人不快的事情 2 A XiaoFengfindtheoriginofEasterfromthatbook B No he 1 A youliketogotoaspecialeventwithusonSaturday B Yes I Would dliketogowithyouon Saturday Could couldn tfindit Exercise 3 A Igowithmyfriendtotheharvestfestival B Yes you 4 A IfIwanttobeadoctor Istudyscience B Yes you shouldstudyscience May maygo withyour should friends 5 A Heisveryhandsome heplaytheroleoftheprince B No he can tplaytheroleofthe Can prince 6 A Theneighbour schildrenareolderthisyear theystopplayingtricksatHalloween B Perhaps they Might orShould mightstop orshouldstopplayingtricks playingtricksatHalloween atHalloween Igoouttoplay mum No you Youshoulddoyourhomeworkfirst A Might wouldn tB May hadbetternotC Must mustn tD Need mustn t B 练习坊 I Choosethecorrectanswer 2 WhereisEmma Ican tsayforsurewheresheis butshe beoutshopping A canB shouldC mustD may D 3 Theroomisinaterriblemess it cleaned A can thavebeenB couldn tbeC mayhavebeenD wouldbe A 4 How yousaythatyoureallyunderstandthewholestoryifyouhavecoveredonlypartofthearticle A canB mustC needD may A 5 There beanydifficultyaboutpassingtheroadtestsinceyouhavepractisedalotinthedrivingschool A mustn tB shan tC shouldn tD needn t C 6 Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecarbuttheymanagedtotakemeaswell It acomfortablejourney A can tbeB mustn thavebeenC shouldn tbeD couldn thavebeen D 7 Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone getout A hadtoB wouldC couldD wasableto D 8 Peter comewithustonight butheisn tverysure mustB canC mayD will C 9 CouldIcallyoubyyourfirstname Yes you A willB couldC mayD might C 10 Sorry I mlate I haveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain mightB shouldC canD will A 11 Excuseme butIwanttouseyourcomputertotypeareport You havemycomputerifyoudon ttakecareofit shan tB mightnotC needn tD shouldn t A 12 WhencanIcomeforthephotos Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon They bereadyby12 00 A canB shouldC mightD need B 13 Withsomuchworkonhand you toseethegamelastnight A mustn tgoB couldhavegoneC shouldn tgoD shouldn thavegone D 14 Johnny you playwiththeknife you hurtyourself A won t can tB mustn t mayC shouldn t mustD can t wouldn t B 15 Thereisnolightinthedormitory Theymusthavegonetothelecture A didn ttheyB don ttheyC mustn ttheyD haven tthey D 16 Imissedthebus soI gohomeonfoot A mustB mayC canD hadto D 1 youwalkwithoutmyhelp Fatheraskedhislittleson 2 He bemarried butI mnotsure 3 Whatyousaid betrue butIjustcouldn tbelieveyou Can may might might II 用括号中所给的情态动词 can could may might will would shall should must 填空 4 Mary sscoreonthetestisthehighestinherclass She havestudiedveryhard 5 youliketogivemeahandwhenIgoupstairs 6 wegotothecinema must Would Shall 7 We helphimtosolvetheproblemifheasksusto 8 Hehurthisfootand notplayfootball 9 Asstudents we studyhard will could should 2 Findthesentencescontainingmodalverbsinthereadingpassage Thenusuallybylunchtimetheywouldallbesold Whatcouldhavehappened Nothingcouldbebetter Somethingterriblemusthavehappenedif Hecouldnotbelievehiseyes Perhapsheshouldgotothelibraryandfindout Hehadbetterdosomeresearch EventhoughhercustomersmightgetthinaftereatingYongHui sfood Theywouldbecometiredveryquickly Modalverbs a should oughtto都可表示 应该 oughtto用于表示按道理应当 常指客观的义务或责任 大多数情况下可用should代替 但比should语气重 Ishouldhelpherbecausesheisintrouble Yououghttotakecareofthebaby b 表示劝告 建议或命令时 should和oughtto可通用 但在疑问句中常用should oughtto的否定式为oughtn tto或oughtnotto Youshould oughttogotoclassrightaway ShouldIopenthewindow Whatshouldwedonext c should oughtto都可表示推测 Heoughtto shouldbehomebynow Thisiswheretheoiloughtto shouldbe should和oughtto后面跟动词不定式的完成式 其肯定句表示 过去应该做而未做 其否定句则表示 过去不该做但做了 Youshould oughttohavemadethedecisionaweekago Ishouldn thavemadesuchafoolishmistake 多数情况下 oughtto可与should互换使用 oughtto的反意疑问句用shouldn t替代 注意 YououghttohavehelpedhimwithhisEnglish A won tyouB oughtnotyouC shouldn tyouD wouldn tyou 2 must和havetomust的用法1 表示主观的义务和必要 主要用于肯定句和疑问句 意思为 必须 得 要 由must引起的疑问句 肯定回答要用must或haveto 否定回答要用needn t或don thaveto 意思是 不必 must的否定形式mustn t表示禁止 意思是 不能 不许 如 MustIfinishthetaskrightnow 我现在必须完成这个工作吗 Yes youmust Yes youhaveto 是的 No youneedn t No youdon thaveto 不 不必 Youmustn tcomeherewithoutpermission 未经允许 你不能来这儿 haveto的用法 1 must表示一种主观的需要 而haveto表示一种客观的需要 意思是 不得不 如 Ihavetoattendanimportantmeetingthisafternoon 今天下午我不得不参加一个重要的会议 Motherisout soIhavetolookaftertheshop 妈妈不在家 因此我不得不照看商店 2 haveto的否定形式是don thaveto 相当于needn t 如 Theydon thavetobuyacomputeratpresent 他们目前没有必要买电脑 考例 Thebosshasgiveneveryoneaspecialholiday sowe gotoworktomorrow 上海2007春 A can tB mustn tC needn tD shouldn t 点拨 考查情态动词 根据题意 可知这里表示 没有必要 故只能选C项 考例 Whatdoyouthinkwecandoforouragedparents You doanythingexcepttobewiththemandbeyourself 重庆2007 A don thavetoB oughtn ttoC mustn tD can t 点拨 根据题意 除了和他们呆在一起做你自己外 没有必要做任何事情 可知这里选择don thaveto表示 不必 故选A项 3 must和needneed作情态动词时 只能用于疑问句和否定句 构成否定句和疑问句时不借助于助动词do NeedIfinishtheworktoday Yes youmust No youneedn t b must的肯定形式表示 必须 否定式表示 禁止 严禁 Youmustcomehere Youmustn ttakethebookawayfromthelibrary 用下列图片造句 做适当的运动 Youshoulddosomesports 慢慢地进食 并有助消化 Yououghttoeatslowlyandit sgoodfordigestion Youshouldhelptosetthedinnertable Youshouldkeepyourroomclean Wemustlistentotheteachercarefully Wemustn teatinclass Yououghttohandonthehomeworkontime Youshouldn tbelateforschool Weshouldaskquestionactively Weshouldn tmakenoiseinclass Makesentences 1 你每天最少要练习一小时口语 YoumustpractisespeakingEnglishatleastanhouraday 2 我每天不得不练习一小时口语 IhavetopractisespeakingEnglishanhouraday 3 你应该每天练习不止一小时 Yououghtto shouldpracticeEnglishformorethananhour 4 你应该读一下这个 它写得很好 Yououghtto shouldreadthis It sverygood 5 你必须读这个 写得精彩极了 Youmustreadthis It smarvelous Pleasechooseaproperphraseandaccordingtothesituationscompletethesentencesbyusingshould not orought not to 1 Lisaneedsachange She 2 Mysalaryisverylow You should oughttotakeafewdaysoff shouldlookforanewjob 3 Nickalwayshasdifficultygettingup He 4 Whatabeautifulview You 5 Billy sroomisn tveryinteresting He oughtnotto shouldn tgo tobedsolate shouldtakeaphoto shouldn t oughtnottouseher carsomuch Choosesuitablemodalverbsbelowtocompletethefollowingdialogues ought oughtn ttoshould shouldn tmustn tneedn t don t havetowillcan can t 1Sam HowcanIgrowthinner Mum Mum Well you eatfoodwithplentyoffibrethathelpsyoudigestbetter Andyou stopdrinkingcolaoreatingsweetfood haveto should Sam DoesitmeanI eatmyfavouritefriedchickenanymore Mum Notexactly ifyoulovefriedchicken you giveitup Justeatitlessoften You worrytoomuch alittlefriedchicken doyougood shouldn t needn t don thaveto needn t shouldn t will 2Doctor Youaresickbecauseyou veeatenpoisonousmushrooms Wheredidyougetthem Lucy Ipickedthemintheforest Iknowwe eatfreshvegetables Doctor Oh butyou eatthemuntilyou resuretheyarenotpoisonous Lucy Thankyou doctor I llbemorecarefulnexttime haveto mustn t 3Charles IwishIcouldseethingsclearlyinthedark Tom Eatingcarrots helpyouseebetter You eatsomeeveryday oughtto should 1 todiscusssomethingwithsomeonesothatyoucanmakeadecisiontogether2 tochangefoodthatyouhavejusteatenintosubstancesthatyourbodycanuse 练习坊 I 根据下列英文解释写出所缺的单词 consult digest 3 alongpointedorangevegetablethatgrowsundertheground4 containingpoisonorproducingpoison carrot poisonous 1 Foralongtime I vebuiltmybusinesswithpeoplewhoare 精力旺盛的 creative andhappyabouttheirwork 2 Thisrichfooddoesn t 消化 easily energetic digest 根据下列各句句意及所给单词的汉语提示 写出各单词的正确形式 3 Thedishofboiledbeefand 胡萝卜 tastesgood 4 Anincreasingnumberofpeopleare 请教 theiraccountantsaboutthetaxlaws 5 Thismedicineis 有毒 iftakeninlargequantities carrot consulting poisonous must oughtn tto don thaveto couldn t mustn t needn t can t haveto II 用所给的情态动词填空 1 You goonworkingbecauseyoulooksotirednow 2 Theweatherturnedouttobefineyesterday I havehadthetroubletocarrymyumbrellawithme oughtn tto don thaveto needn t must oughtn tto don thaveto couldn t mustn t needn t can t haveto 3 Ifyouearnmorethan 5 000 you paytax 4 You playnow Youshallfinishyourhomeworkfirst 5 Iknowthingsarehardwithyou butyou