新编英语教程第三版 unit cultivating a hobbyppt课件.ppt

CaltivatingaHobby WinstonChurchill ByGroup1 Special PresentationPlan Introductionoftheauthor CheyenneSomerelevantinformationaboutthetopic VivianMainidea organization RubyExplanationofwords sentencesintext1 ClaireThemetaphor useofsynonymousexpressions Nicole Churchill sfamily Churchill sfatherwasapolitician andhismotherwasthedaughterofAmericanmillionaire HiswifewasClementineHozier Theyhavefivechildren Diana Randolf Sarah Marigold Mary Churchill personallife bornin1874 diedin1965attheageof7 hewassenttoindependentschool naughty badatstudy worststudent in1893 heappliedtoattendtheRoyalMilitaryCollege SandhurstinFebruary1895 commissionedasasecondlieutenantinthe4thQueen sOwnHussars 第四骠骑兵团任中尉 SirWinstonChurchill oneoftheoutstangdingleaderintheworldhistoryandoneofthegreatBritishprimeministersprolificwriteramateurpainter Churchill personallife asaproloficwriter in1897 threebrigadesoftheBritishArmyfoughtagainstaPashtuntribeintheNorthWestFrontierofIndia duringthiscampaign hefoughtunderthecommandofGeneralJefferyandalsowrotearticlesforthenewspapersThePioneer 加尔各答先驱报 andTheDailyTelegraph 每日电讯报 basedonthosearticlesandthecampaignexperiences hepublishedhisfirstbookTheStoryoftheMalakandFieldForce 马拉坎德野战军纪实 Churchill personallife asaprolificwriter in1899 duringtheSecondBoerWar hewascapturedthenescapedfromtheprisoncampalone whichmadehimaminornationalheroforatimeinBritainfrom1903to1905 ChurchillwasengagedinwritingLordRandolphChurchill atwo volumebiographyofhisfatherin1908 MyTriptoAfricawaspublishedin1930 MyEarlyLifewaspubilshed Churchill personallife asaprolificwriter in1953 hewasawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiterature forhismasteryofhistoricalandbiographicaldescriptionaswellasforbrilliantoratoryindefendingexaltedhumanvalues later twoofhismostfamousworkswerepublished TheSecondWorldWar AHistoryoftheEnglish SpeakingPeoples Churchill personallife asanamateurpainter Churchillwasanaccomplishedartistandtookgreatpleasureinpainting Hesaidhefoundahaveninarttoovercomethespellsofdepressionwhichhesufferedthroughouthislife Churchillwaspersuadedandtaughttopaintbyhisartistfriend PaulMaze whomhemetduringtheFirstWorldWar PaulwasagreatinfluenceonChurchill spaintingandbecamehislifelongpaintingcompanion AmericasMostPopularHobbies 10 WatchingTV9 Sports 8 Reading7 Computergames 6 Socialsurfing5 Music 4 Traveling3 Movie 2 Shopping1 Thinking Top10MostPopularHobbiesof2014 10 Sewing9 TinkeringwithTechnology8 Socialnetworking7 Artsandcrafts6 Photography5 Onlineshopping4 PlayingVideogames3 Sports2 Baking1 Travel Mainidea Thisthemeoftheessayistherolehobbiesplayinrelaxingthemindofrational industriousandusefulhumanbeings Thepurposeistoemphasizetheimportanceofcultivatingarightlychosenhobby Organizationofthetext Section1 para 1 2 Raisingthetopic explainingwhatworryisandtheimportanceofahobbyinattenuating 削弱 worryPara 1 explainthenotionof worry butsomethingelseisimpliedby insinuatesomethingelseintoitsconvulsivegrasp and illuminationofanotherfieldofinterest Para 2 thesisstatement Thecultivationofahobbyandnewformsofinterestisthereforeapolicyoffirstimportancetoapublicman Section2 para 3 5 ClassifyinghumanbeingsintothreecategoriesandemphasizingtheimportanceofhobbiestothemPara 3 4 theclassificationofhumanbeingsintothreeclasses thosewhoaretoiledtodeath thosewhoareworriedtodeath andthosewhoareboredtodeath Para 4 Fortheunfortunatepeoplewhocancommandeverythingtheywant themosthopefulpathisdisciplineinoneformoranother Para 5 theclassificationofrational industrious usefulhumanbeingsintotwoclassesandtheneedofhobbiestothem thosewhoseworkisworkandwhosepleasureispleasure andthosewhoseworkandpleasureareone Explanationofwords sentences 1 spasm sp z m cramp asuddenstrongfeeling痉挛 一阵发作e g muscularspasmfacialspasmaspasmofanger excitement grief2 letsb go releasee g letthehostagesgoletsth go stopworryingaboutsth e g It stimetoletthepastgo Explanationofwords sentences 3 futile fju ta l unsuccessful ineffectivee g Theireffortstorevivehimwerefutile 4 insinuate n s njue t introducesth indirectlyandsubtlye g AreyouinsinuatingthatI mnottellingthetruth 5 convulsive k n v ls v sudden violent uncontrollablee g Sheburstintoaconvulsivesobs 6 undue n dju excessivee g Anyexercisethatcausesundueshortnessofbreathshouldbestopped Explanationofwords sentences 7 recuperation r ku p re n recovery restorationtohealthe g Afterseveraldays recuperationinhospital grandmafeelsmuchbetternow 8 policy strategye g TheWhiteHouseannouncedthatthepolicyisunderreview 9 improvise mpr va z dowithoutpreparation doonthespote g IwasaskedtomakeaspeechwhenIgotthere soIhadtoimprovise Explanationofwords sentences mand havecontrolof bemasterofe g Hecommandsalargesumofmoney 11 sedulously sedj l sl diligently assiduously孜孜不倦地e g Thisillusionhasbeensedulouslyfostered 12 vivify givevitalityandvividnessto refresh使有生气 使活跃vivifyingfruits resultsthatgiveonerefreshmentandrelaxation Explanationofwords sentences 13 aggravate gr ve t tomakeworseormoretroublesomee g Thechild sconditionhadbeenaggravatedsincetheoperation whichworriedhisparentsverymuch 14 toil worktoohardforalongtime辛勤劳作e g I vebeentoilingawayatthethisessayallweekend 15 trifling tra fl adj ofslightworthorimportancee g Itisnotriflingmatter Itisserious 16 gratify gr t fa togivewatisdesiredto tosatisfye g Hisachievementgratifiedhisfather Explanationofwords sentences 17 caprice k pri s whim fancifulidea asuddenunreasonablechangeofminde g Heactednotfromreason butfromcaprice 18 layone shandon have withinreach get obtain19 satiation se e n thestateofbeingsatisfactorilyfull theactofachievingfullgratificatione g Relieffrompainisevenmorerewardingthansatiation Explanationofwords sentences 20 frantic fr nt k hurried notwell organizede g I vehadafranticrushtogetmyworkdone 21 avenge vend dosomethingtohurtorpunishsomeonebecausetheyaveharmedoroffenedyouavengesth sb 为 报仇avengehiscomrades hisbrother sdeath22 clatter kl t arattlingsound alouddisturbance noisytalk Explanationofwords sentences 23 sustenance s st n ns foodthatkeeppeoplestrongandhealthye g Wederiveoursustenancefromtheland 24 keenappetite strongdesire25 grudge gr d hate resent do giveoracceptsth unwillingly不满 怨恨e g Ireallygrudgepayingsomuchforsuchbadfood Hegrudgeseverypennyhehastospend Explanationofwords sentences 26 absorbing intenselyinterestinge g anabsorbingtale27 banish b n driveout dismisse g Theytriedtobanishhimfrompolitics Metaphor Example Alltheworld sastage Andallthemenandwomenmerelyplayers Theyhavetheirexitsandtheirentrances WilliamShakespeare AsYouLikeI Definition Afigureofspeechinwhichanimpliedcomparisonismadebetweentwounlikethingsthatactuallyhavesomethingincommon Theseedsmustbecarefullychosen theymustfallongoodground theymustbesedulouslytended ifthevivifyingfruitsaretobeathandwhenneeded WinstonChurchill CultivatingaHobby Metaphor Similar DefinitionofSimilar Afigureofspeechinwhichtwofundamentallyunlikethingsareexplicitlycompared usuallyinaphraseintroducedbylikeoras Difference Asimileisalsoametaphor forthereislittledifference whenthepoetsays Herushedasalion itisasimile but Thelionrushed withlionreferringtoaman wouldbeametaphor sincebotharebrave heusedametaphor i e asimile andspokeofAchillesasalion Aristotle Rhetoric BookThree Chapter4 TranslatedbyGeorgeA Kennedy Aristotle OnRhetoric ATheoryofCivicDiscourse OxfordUniversityPress 1991 SynonymousExpression Definition Usesynonymouslyvarietyofwordsandphrasestoreplacetho