3吨柴油动力货车设计(传动
轴、离合器及操纵机构设计)
摘 要
本文介绍了近年来发展的新型拉式膜片弹簧离合器的结构特点和工作原理,并与传统的推式膜片弹簧离合器进行了对比。在相同的约束条件下,优化后的拉式膜片弹簧,无论是在后备系数的稳定性、膜片的最大当量应力方面,还是在分离力的大小方面,均优于推式膜片弹簧。然后,对于拉式膜片弹簧的载荷-变形特性和应力-变形特性作了详细分析。在分析的基础上,阐述了拉式膜片弹簧基本参数的选择和设计。由于拉式膜片弹簧离合器具有许多优点,故拉式膜片弹簧离合器是一种很有发展前途的汽车离合器。
本设计通过对传动轴的传动类型分析,结合所设计车的特点以及市场趋势等因素,对传动方式和传动轴进行了选型;通过对传动轴的类型与结构分析,选择传动轴的十字轴滚针轴承的密封形式为盖板式密封,并在其密封部位采用橡胶骨架油封和毡圈油封相结合的密封形式,以适应农村地区的恶略路况;通过对万向节的十字轴、滚针轴承、万向节差的设计计算,确定了所设计车辆使用的这些部件的具体尺寸;通过对传动轴的临界转速和计算载荷的确定,用待定系数法确定了传动轴的花键轴和轴管的尺寸,并校核了其扭转强度和临界转速,确定了合适的安全系数。鉴于矩形花键的一系列优点和国内的生产加工水平,传动轴花键采用了矩形花键。
关键词:离合器,膜片弹簧式, 传动轴, 十字轴
6 TON DIESEL POWER VAN DESIGN (TRANSMISSION SHAFT、CLUTCH AND CONTROLLING ORGANIZATION DESIGN)
ABSTRACT
In this paper, the constructional features and principles of operation of recently developed new style pull-type diaphragm spring clutch are described in contrast with the traditional push-type diaphragm spring clutch.In the same dimension,pull-type diaphragm spring by optimum design is better than push-type,in respect of stability of reservation coefficient maximum equivalent stress of diaphragm and magnitude of declutching force.Then,the load-deflection characteristics and stress-deflection characteristics of pull-type diaphram spring are analysed in detail.Base on these analyses,the selection of main parameters and design of this spring are discussed.The pull-type diaphragm spring clutch possesses many advantages,therefore pull-type diaphram spring clutch is a very prospective motor vehicle clutch.
The thesis introduced power transmission shaft used on transporting. According to the features of the vans and the characters of the road in rural areas ,we chose the simply made open style power transmission shaft .For vans , its cost and convenience for reparation and adaptability rather than its comfort ability and science ratio are concerned .So during the design we did not pay too much attention to the popular which is often advanced technology of the filed .On the contrary ,we just made some necessary improvement to the using form .For example ,we use involutes serration instead of rectangle serration ,so the durability of the spine will be much upgraded while its cost still low because nowadays its not more difficult to machine involutes serration than rectangle serration .To up the durability of the shaft ,we paid much attention to the seal form of the unit .We used rubber bone seal together with felt washer .
KEY WORD:clutch, pull-mebrane-spring type, transmission shaft, cross axle
符 号 说 明
物理量 代号 单位 物理量 代号 单位
摩擦片外径 D mm 发动机最大功率时转速 n r/min
摩擦片最大圆周速度 V m/s 离合器后备系数
单位压力
静摩擦力矩
N.m
摩擦面间的静摩擦因数 f 压盘施加在摩擦面上的工作压力 F N
摩擦面数 Z 摩擦片的平均摩擦半径
mm
单位摩擦面积滑磨功 w
汽车总质量
Kg
轮胎滚动半径
m 主减速器传动比
轴的扭转切应力
轴的抗扭截面系数
发动机最大转矩
N.m
物理量 代号 单位 物理量 代号 单位
传动轴计算载荷
变速器一挡传动比
计算驱动桥数 n 万向传动的计算转矩
N.m
万向传动的最大夹角
十字轴轴颈根部弯曲应力
滚针工作长度
mm 材料的弹性模量 E
临界转速
r/mi 安全系数 K
动载系数
传动花键轴的扭转切应力
齿侧挤压应力
变速器一挡传动比
目 录
第一章 前言........................................1
第二章 离合器概述......................................2
§2.1离合器设计要求..............................2
§2.2 离合器的工作原理.............................3
§2.3 离合器功用及分类.............................3
§2.4 离合器结构方案分析...........................4
第三章 离合器设计计算..............................7
§3.1离合器参数的选择...........................7
§3.2 从动盘总成................................11
§3.3 压盘和离合器盖计算.............................12
§3.4 拉式膜片弹簧计算...............................14
§3.5 膜片弹簧的优化设计............................15
§3.6扭转减震器计算.................................19
§3.7 离合器操纵机构设计.............................20
第四章 传动轴设计计算..................................22
§4.1万向传动的计算载荷...........................22
§4.2 十字轴设计计算.................................23
§4.3 十字轴滚针轴承的计算...........................24 §4.4 万向节叉的设计计算.............................25
§4.5 传动轴临界转速计算............................27
§4.6 轴管强度计算...................................29 §4.7 传动轴花键轴的计算.............................30
第五章 结论...........................................32
参考文献...............................................33
致谢...................................................34
a








