湖南省岳阳县一中2017届高三下学期开学考试英语试题含答案.doc

2017年上学期岳阳县一中高三开学考试英语试题说明：1、本套试题为完整高考试题节选，即除了听力与作文不考之外，其他高考题型都考。 2、本套试卷实际题目分数为95分，5分为卷面分，累计100分。但年级最后会以150分进行换算，即成绩统计总分仍旧是以150分为基础换算分数。第一部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。AWhen I asked my mom why I was so short when I was 7 years old, she explained that I have a medical condition called dwarfism (侏儒症). At first, I was very sad. I wanted to be tall, mainly because of the way people reacted to me. Kids would say mean stuff, like, “Its weird how youre so short.” In elementary school, whenever classmates would bully (欺侮) me, Id run away and cry.Life outside school can also be tough. At the local amusement park, Im not tall enough to go on all the rides, so sometimes I have to sit on the sidelines while my friends have fun.Im now in the seventh grade, and Im four feet two inches tall. And you know what? It doesnt matter! My height no longer bothers me like it did when I was little. I met a girl at school named Nevaeh, who is my best friend, and she has helped me realize that its not whats on the outside that matters its whats on the inside.Nevaeh doesnt even mention my height when we hang out. In fact, if people tease us about being short (shes only six inches taller than I am), well make jokes, like, “Were not short. Were fun-sized!” I refuse to let unkind people get me down. Id rather turn something cruel into something funny, laugh it off, and move on.One of my favorite things to do is prove people wrong. Take basketball, for example. Since its a sport associated with tall people, I was determined to play. And for almost two full seasons, I didnt make a single basket! But then, during a game last year, I stole the ball from a girl. I got to take two free throws. It was amazing. Everyone cheered. The experience made me realize that if I can score baskets, I can do anything.Im not going to let my height get in the way of achieving my dreams. 1. In elementary school, the author _. A. had many friendsB. enjoyed herself at schoolC. was hurt by her classmatesD. had a great time in the local park2.Thanks to Nevaeh, the author learns _. A. how to make friendsB. to perform better at schoolC. the importance of friendshipD. not to care much about her appearance 3. How do the author and Nevaeh react to unpleasant words now? A. In a funny way. B. In a pitiful way. C. In an angry way. D. In a violent way. 4. Through playing basketball, the author has become _. A. more tolerant B. much smarterC. much healthier D. more confidentBTheres a new kind of bullying on the block. Rumors (谣言), threats, exclusion (排斥), and the lot have recently been accompanied by an equally dangerous but less overt (明显的) method of tearing other people down:body shame bullying.Body shaming can affect anyone regardless of gender or weight and its been observed as a growing trend appearing in school cafeterias.So what does this mean exactly?Kids and teens are pressuring one another to skip lunchor eat much less food than they want. With judgmental looks and nasty comments, students intentionally make their schoolmates feel ashamed of how much they eat, leading some kids to go so far as to buy lunch and then throw it away.In a recent survey of over 5,000 Canadian middle and high school students, researchers found that teens who reported being bullied were more likely to skip meals. The bullying took place online or in-person. As scientists have previously linked bullying with depression, anxiety, and eating disorders, its not safe to brush off an occasional meal pass as an isolated incident; its likely to become a repeated self-destructive behavior.To help fight against this form of bullying, researchers suggest that schools prohibit students from hanging out in the cafeteria if theyre not eating, requiring parent permission forms if a student wants to skip lunch, and simply asking students what they ate for lunch, which may encourage them to discuss the issue.5. Body shame bullying _. A. mainly hurts young girls B. not only affects fat peopleC. is less dangerous than threatsD. is a traditional kind of bullying6. Which of the following words can best replace the underlined word “nasty” in Paragraph 3?A. Unfair. B. Brief.C. Unkind. D. Helpful. 7. What can we infer from Paragraph 4 about body shaming?A. It can be very harmful. B. It always takes place in-person. C. It can be good for peoples health. D. It doesnt always cause missed meals. 8. What is the last paragraph mainly about?A. Different forms of bullying. B. A discussion about bullying. C. How to avoid body shame bullying. D. What parents should do to stop bullying. CFootball players suffer more concussions (脑震荡) than athletes in any other high school sport. Is this beloved game worth the risks or should schools do away with it?YES: Football is a dangerous sport.Football is a cruel sport that can have lifelong consequences! When your brain is bashed (猛撞) against your skull, it never fully recovers. In fact, scientists are learning that repeated concussions may lead to Alzheimers disease, Parkinsons disease, and memory loss. We dont let teens ruin their lungs with cigarette smoke so why do we allow them to damage their brains in the name of football?Recently, Chris Borland, a promising young San Francisco 49ers player, quit after just one year, because of the risk to his health. Thats a strong statement.And just look at all the cases of violence in the NFL (National Football League) clearly brain damage isnt the only problem! Football promotes a culture of violence that rewards aggressivebehavior. This culture needs to be stopped. Vikram Chandramouli, a seventh-grade student from IllinoisNO: Banning football will not solve the problem.Ive seen field hockey (曲棍球) teammates get hit in the face with balls and struck in the head with sticks, so I know firsthand: Concussions do notdiscriminateamong sports! Why take away one of the most popular pastimes, then? At many schools, football is the center of student life. Without it, there would be no school spirit.I firmly believe that banning football will not solve the concussion problem. Bringing awareness to this issue so that coaches and players understand how to prevent injuries and provide proper treatment if they occur just might.Sports safety needs to be taught at the beginning of each season, so students understand the risks of playing with symptoms of a brain injury. And that goes for all teams, not just football. Amanda Vigdor, a high school senior from New Jersey9. Chris Borland is mentioned _. A. to show how important football isB. because he is crazy about footballC. to prove that football is too dangerousD. because he is suffering from many diseases10. From Vikrams point of view, football _. A. can ruin players lungs completelyB. is bad for the social environmentC. has some advantagesD. encourages smoking11. What does the underlined part mean?A. Brain damage can be caused by any sport.B. Racial discrimination does not exist in sport.C. Discrimination in sport can cause concussions.D. Football encourages students to compete fairly.12. What does Amanda stress in the last paragraph?A. The advantages of playing football. B. The importance of banning football.C. The possibility of preventing injuries in sport. D. The necessity of teaching students sports safety.DLove working with children? Looking for an exciting new opportunity? Want to work on a friendly, fun and supportive team? This is what our team member Anna says about working at My Crche: “Its the nicest place Ive ever worked. Everyone is so friendly and we have so much fun working together. They give me opportunities to learn new things every day. They care about my personal development. Working at My Crche has enabled me to build relationships with the children as well as parents within the community which makes me feel so welcomed in the local area.”Conveniently located in the heart of Crouch End, London, N8, My Crche offers drop-in and pre-booked childcare for children aged 6 weeks to 5 years of age. We also provide after-school and breakfast clubs for children up to 8 years old. Our goal is to enable parents to pursue personal and professional activities when they need to, with total peace of mind knowing their children are being cared for in a safe and fun environment. We are looking for an enthusiastic and committed professional with excellent interpersonal skills, who is committed to ensuring the best outcomes and care for children. This is an excellent opportunity for a proactive individual to be a part of a fresh and progressive childcare concept and we welcome newly qualified professionals. We are a small and very supportive team with great training opportunities. The successful candidate will: Have a certificate Level 3 in Childcare and Education. Have experience working with children. Be an excellent communicator with strong people skills. Be energetic and able to multi-task. Salary: 16,500 19,000 per year depending on experience and qualifications. Full time (flexible work available) and 28 days annual leave. 13. The author uses Annas words mainly to _. A. examine B. informC. compare D. advertise 14. My Crche provides service to _. A. all children B. children older than five C. children under eight years old D. children from five to eight years old 15. What does a successful candidate need? A. A college degree. B. A language certificate Level 3.C. Great skills in communicating with people. D. Years of working experience with children. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。CancersCells in our bodies are always dividing, as new cells replace old ones. 16 Cancer cells divide rapidly and form growths called tumours (肿瘤). They can spread to take over a whole organ and stop it working properly. If cells break away from the tumour, they can travel to other parts of the body and start new tumours. We do not know why some people get cancer while others dont. But faulty genes are certainly the cause of some cancers. Others are caused by chemicals in the environment. Cancer is not a single disease. 17 The most common types affect the digestive system and lungs. In women, cancers of the breasts and cervix (子宫颈) are also common. Smoking is the cause of almost all cases of lung cancer. Tobacco smoke contains chemicals which can damage the lungs. The more cigarettes a person smokes, the greater their risk of suffering from lung cancer. 18 Cancers of the skin are also quite common. Many types of radiation, especially ultraviolet rays (紫外线) from the Sun, can damage skin cells and cause cancer. Most cancers can be treated successfully if they are caught early enough. Some treatments involve surgery to remove the tumour. This is often followed by a course of strong drugs. 19 They kill healthy cells as well as cancer cells. In the most up-to-date treatments, drugs are delivered directly to the cancer cells using “magic bullets”. These are special antibodies which only attach themselves to cancer cells. Similarly, radiotherapy (放射疗法) is a type of cancer treatment which uses radiation to kill cancer cells. A narrow beam (光线) of radiation is focused directly at a tumour. 20 A. Most skin cancers are completely curable.B. And the healthy cells nearby are not damaged.C. Many of these drugs have unpleasant side-effects.D. An X-ray of the lungs shows the position of a tumour. E. Different cancers can affect almost any part of the body.F. But sometimes the process goes wrong, and a cancer cell is formed.G. Fortunately, the risk of getting cancer is reduced when someone stops smoking.第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。In middle school, I began volunteering. Wed assist teachers at daycares with poor kids or go shopping for 21 citizens. I loved how it felt to help those in need and see them 22 .So as my bar mitzvah (犹太男孩的成人仪式) approached, I wanted to celebrate my “coming of age” by 23 in an even bigger way. But how was I going to do that?I come from a middle-class family, 24 I knew that I couldnt just make a large donation. I had to be 25 . And in sixth grade, it 26 me. I thought: There must be other people like me. What if we all collaborated (合作)?I decided to ask people to donate $2 each to a worthwhile 27 . To encourage people to 28 , I decided to record my own song and give the MP3 as a donation 29 . The song is called “Fight for a Cause”.I also had to figure out which charity the donations would 30 . I decided to let the donors 31 for their favorite.I 32 a Greek physicist named Archimedes, who once said, “Give me a lever (杠杆) 33 enough and a place to stand, and I can move the Earth.” So I named my organization theArchimedes Alliance. Pretty 34 , right?Finally, in the summer before eighth grade, my bar mitzvah arrived. I gave a speech, and lots of people donated on the spot. I felt so 35 and excited.Then I sent an e-mail to everyone I knew and who my parents knew, letting them know how to donate. I have to admit, I was seriously 36 . Few people donated and even fewer passed along my 37 . I realized: This is going to be way 38 than I thought. But I was 39 . So I kept sending e-mails and talking about my project to 40 the message.The Archimedes Alliance eventually raised $40,101.60, which we donated to the charity that got the most votes. 21. A. lazy B. Senior C. great D. smart22. A. smile B. workC. help D. cry23. A. giving up B. giving in C. giving out D. giving back24. A. but B. unless C. so D. until25. A. creative B. brave C. generousD. greedy26. A. hurt B. hit C. kicked D. knocked27. A. person B. Hospital C. charity D. school28. A. buy B. makeC. choose D. donate29. A. result B. fact C. example D. gift30. A. protect B. disturb C. benefit D. challenge31. A. vote B. fight C. care D. cheer32. A. remembered B. changed C. thanked D. recognized33. A. cheap B. heavyC. long D. soft34. A. honest B. terribleC. wrong D. awesome35. A. tired B. proudC. bored D. curious36. A. pleasantB. guilty C. confidentD. disappointed37. A. postcard B. storyC. song D. message38. A. bigger B. betterC. harder D. further39. A. determined B. kind C. carefulD. worried40. A. write B. spread C. read D. use第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Colour plays a big part 41. _ everything we do. We use it both as a marker of identity and a way of 42. _ (express) our individuality (个性) through decoration. And we use different colours 43. _ (send) out very different messages.IDENTITYPeople need a sense of group identity. From the colourful traditional dress of a schoolboy, other people in Peru know 44. _ he comes from the Quechua community. We wear uniforms at school and work, and we dress in our favourite sports team colours to say 45. _ same thing we belong to this group.DECORATION Face-painting is an important part of many 46. _ (celebrate), and these days people are starting to experiment with brightly coloured synthetic (合成的) paints as well as traditional colours. In fashion-conscious Europe, the “in” colour 47. _ (change) every season. This autumn, for example, women are wearing shades of purple and lilac.MESSAGES Marketing experts understand the power of colour very well. Goods