汉翻译英语.doc

英语树果实：汉译英翻译类型有两种汉译英与英翻汉两种语言有特点翻译起来有不同汉语译英语要想汉语译英语英语句法要学通看到汉语不要慌英语句型先判定英语句型有五种看看哪种说的通其次要把时态定英语时态十六种如照汉语直接译译出英文说不通（1）句型确定汉语英语句型翻译车轮转动。S + VWheels turn.牛奶变酸了。S + Lv + PMilk turns sour.人们转动车轮。S + V + OMen turn wheels.牦牛给我们牛奶。S + V + iO + dOCows give us milk.打雷使牛奶变酸。S + V + O + CThunder turns milk sour.分解口诀1：先看英语句型一常常变化三种形如果遇到中文句看看选择哪一种主语+谓语 的三种变化变化一变化二变化三S+VS+V+A(phrase)S+V+I鸟在叫鸟儿在树上欢快的叫着他已经去买书了Birds singBird sing merrily in the treeHe has gone to buy books例句翻译分析在量上有所得， 在质上必有所失。If anything gains in quantity, it must lose in quality.首先明确汉语中省略了主语（任何事情），然后确定英语句型S+V+A(phrase)确定介词短语in quantity 和in quality.在教室里上课不要说话。You must not talk in class.首先明确汉语里省略的主语是（你或你们）然后确定句型为S+V+A(phrase)你来此有何贵干呀？What have you come here for?首先判断句型为S+V+A(phrase)然后确定用什么时态其次疑问词提前，后面半倒装。当我到达火车站的时正下大雨。It rained heavily when I arrived at the station.首先要判断出这是个复合句里面有一个时间状语。然后确定主句和从句可以用哪个句型确定时态这些果木树明年就要结果子了。These trees will begin to bear next year.首先确定用哪个句型S+V+I然后确定用什么时态will begin我明天下午三点到四点之间来看你。I will come to see you between three and four tomis orrow afternoon.首先明确这里有两个动词 （来） （看）然后确定句型S+V+I最后确定时态will come翻译练习：（用主语+谓语+（状语）句型）1. 我们不是为食而生，乃是为生而食。2. 合则留，不合则去。3 他可能很快回来，但我不能确定。4. 这把小刀好切的很。5. 这些鸡开始生蛋了。6. 因为太暗，我看不清楚。7. 臣无祖母，无以至今日。祖母无臣，无以终余年； 祖孙二人，相依为命。参考答案：1. We do not live in order to eat, but we eat in order to live.2. Stay if the work fits well, or you go away.3. He may return very soon, but I can not say for certain.4. The knife cuts well.5. These hens have begun to lay.6. I could not see clearly because of the darkness.7. I could not have lived till today without mu grandmother, and she would not survive in her later days without me. Both my grandmother and I rely on each other so as to exist in this world.分解口诀2：第二句型主系表表语实际是主补表语成分有很多名代形副与不定分词动名与短语表语句子也可成看看所翻中文句是否属于该句型联系动词分三类be ,become ,seem主语+系动词+表语中文英语表语成分他是教师。He is a teacher.名词是我。Its me.代词我们准备好了。We are ready.形容词他出去了。He is out.副词他好象是诚实的。He seems to be honest.不定式我受伤了。I got hurt.过去分词这很有趣。It is interesting.现在分词眼见为实。Seeing is believing.动名词他精通历史。He is at home in history介词短语不用再干下去了。It is of no use to try further.介词短语笔在原来的地方。The pen is where it was.句子系动词的分类be类别中文英语这朵玫瑰花很香。This rose smells sweet.这纸很粗糙。This paper feels rough.他看上去好象深思了一会儿。He looked reflective for a few moments.他的声音听起起来好象很生气的样子。His voice sounded resentful.他好象不是寻常的乞丐。He seemed no ordinary mendicant,也像一切羞怯的人一样，他有时显得傲慢Like all shy men he sometimes appeared arrogant,他直到四十岁都没有结婚。He remained unmarried till forty years old,他醒来躺着很久才起来。He lay awake a long time before getting up.我很敬重他。He stands high in my estimation.他生为圣徒，死为烈士。He lived a saint, and died a martyrbecome 类别中文英语那两个人一天天变得更亲密了。The two were becoming more intimate every day.我们的预言成了事实。My prediction has come true.那棵树长的愈来愈高了。The tree grew taller and taller.我希望他很快康复。I hope he will get better soon .他在不久的将来就会成为一名老师。He will make a teacher one of the these day.于是他突然变的严肃了。Then he suddenly fell grave.我的头发变白了。My hair has turned grey.那狗发狂了。The dog has run mad.这个新发明会成为对全人类都有用的。This new invention will prove useful to all humanity.一听那话他的脸色顿时变的苍白，一直白到了嘴唇。On hearing that , her face went white to the lips.seem (to be ) 类别中文英语鸟鸣山更幽。It seems to be lonesome in the mountain when the birds are singing.他显得很年轻/He appears to be young.那终会成功的。It will prove to be successful.那谣言变成了事实。The rumor has turned out to be true. 如果你这样继续懒惰下去，终有一天你会后悔的。If you continue to be idle, you will be sorry for it some day.翻译练习：1我们选择朋友时非十分谨慎不可。2美国人好活动而富有独立精神。3他觉得有点尴尬，不知如何是好。4良药苦口利于病。5她坐着沉思了好几分钟6他似乎知道那个事实。7那以后他们就满足了。8很少旅行家的记录有马可波罗写的那样生动，那样有内容。9似乎有稍加说明的必要。10不做时代落伍的学生，对当前的出版物是不能忽视的。参考译文：1One must be very careful in the choice of ones friends.2The Americans are fond of activity and rich in the spirit of independence.3He felt a little awkward and was quite at a loss to know what to do .4Good medicine tastes bitter ,but is good for a disease.5He sat thoughtful for a few minutes.6He appears to be aware of the fact.7After that they rested content.8Few of the accounts of other travelers are as lively and informative as Marco Polos.9a few words of explanation appear necessary.10No student who keeps abreast of the times can afford to ignore the publications of the day.分解口诀3：第三句型主谓宾宾语成分要明确名词代词不定式动名短语与从句汉翻英时要注意看好宾语用什么主语+谓语+宾语+(其他)中文英语宾语成分你认识张先生吗？Do you know Mr. Zhang?名词我非常喜欢他。I like him very much代词我喜欢读书I like to read.不定式我喜欢阅读I like reading 动名词我知道怎么游泳I know how to swim.,短语我知道他是个诚实的人。I know that he is an honest man.名词从句例句翻译分析你来此何事？What has brought you here?What have you come here for ?两种翻译都可以第一句中what 作主语第二句中的what 作状语。从这条路去，就可以到达火车站。If you follow this road, you will get to the station.汉语中省略主语，英语要加上。确定句型 S+V+O 确定时态你肯帮助我的话，我就一定会成功。If you assist me, my success will be certain.首先确定是复合句。有一个条件状语。然后确定句型 S+V+O和S+ Lv+ P其次确定时态看到这个使我想起了以前的好日子。When I see this, I think of the good old day.首先确定复合句，然后确定句型S+V+O其次确定时态衣食足而后知礼仪。If men have wealth, they are able to be courteous.首先确定出复合句，找出条件从句条件句中的句型是S+V+O主句的句型是S+ Lv+ P分解口诀3.1夺取动词要注意汉语英语有不同汉语目标应是物英语 人+of + 物例句翻译：他抢了我的钱。He robbed me of my money.他把海上的强盗一扫而光。He cleared the sea of those rubbers.忧烦的习惯夺取了我们的和平和安宁。The habit of worrying robs us of peace and comfort.我学了很多，足以诊好我从前好幻想的毛病。I have enough to cure me of my old fancies.国王剥夺了他一切的荣誉。The king stripped him of all his honors.他忘不了过去那种痛苦的回忆。He could not rid himself of the painful memories.你来了省的我去麻烦写一封长信。Your coming relieves me of the bother of writing a long letter. 分解口诀3.2人体部位做宾语汉翻英来要注意汉语动词+部位英语人+介+部位例句翻译：拍了拍我的背。He patted me on the back.他抓住了我的衣领。He seized me by the collar.他命在旦夕Death stared him in the face.他紧紧握住我的手，不让我走。He held me by the hand firmly and would not let me go .我抓住了他的胳膊。I caught him by the arm.他拖着我的衣袖。He pulled me by the sleeve.她打了他一个耳光。She strikes him across the face.翻译练习：1昨天的迎新会你出席了没有？2我们要奋斗的话，就要奋斗到底3他把我所要的一切都给了我。4他抓住我的手不让我走。5他不用功在学校里又混了一年。6他讲演完毕时，听众大声喝彩。7他在夜里十点钟断气了。8他写了一封长信给我，谈到了他的将来。9我们讨论哪个问题直到深夜。10他承认她是对的。参考译文：1. Did you attend the welcome meeting yesterday?2. If we must fight, we must fight it out.3. He has provided me with everything I need.4. He seized me by hand and would not let me go.5. He did not work hard , and played away another year at school.6. The audience shouted applause at the end of his speech.7. He breathed his last at ten p.m8. She wrote a long letter about his future to me 9. We discussed the problem far into the night.10. He admitted to her that she was right.分解口诀4：第四句型有双宾直接宾语间接宾双宾任何来安排三钟类型分的清第一类主语+谓语+直接宾语（名词或代词）+ 名词例句翻译：我把那本书给他了。I gave him the book ,我给他买了那本书。I bought him the book.我问了他这个问题。I asked him the question.第二类主语+谓语+直接宾语（名词或代词）+ 疑问副词+不定式例句翻译：我教他怎样开车。I taught him how to drive a car.他告诉你什么时间开始了吗？Did he tell you when to start ?请指点我那里能找到他们。Please show me where to find them.他告诉我了下一步做什么。He told me what to do next.他告诉我选择那一个。He shows me which to choose.第三类主语+谓语+直接宾语（名词或代词）+ 疑问副词+关系代词+从句例句：他告诉我他不知道它。He told me that 他问我做这件事情的正确方法是什么。He asked me what was the right way to do it.你告诉我你读了哪本书好吗？Will you tell me which book you have read.他没有告诉我谁和我们一起去。He did not tell me who is going with us .他不告诉我他要带谁。He does not tell me whom he is going to bring.他问我怎样做这件事情。He asked me how I was going to do it .分解口诀4.1间接宾语常为人直接宾语多为物如把直宾放在前介词+间宾变状语汉语翻英多注意看好间宾直宾语例句翻译：他给我一本书He gave me a book (主+谓+宾)结构He gave a book to me.（主+谓+宾+ 状） 结构他将给我买了一把刀。He will buy me a knife. (主+谓+宾)结构He will buy a knife for me. （主+谓+宾+ 状） 结构我希望你帮忙。I wish to ask you a favor.(主+谓+宾)结构I wish to ask a favor of you . （主+谓+宾+ 状） 结构他教我们英语。He teaches us English.请你告诉我去车站的路好吗？Will you please show me the way to the station?少量的饮酒是无害的。A little wine will do you no harm.翻译练习：1他给她让了座位。2他父亲留给他一大笔遗产3我把那钱付给他了。4我来把信念给你听。5你给我唱一支中文歌好吗？6我很羡慕你运气好。7我很抱歉给你许多麻烦。参考译文：1. He offered her his seat.2. His father left him a large fortune.3. I pay him the money.4. I will read you the letter,5. Will you sing me a Chinese song ?6. I envy you your fortune.7. I am sorry to give you so much trouble.分解口诀5：第五句型有宾补补语成分要分清遇到汉语翻英语是否在这句型里主语+谓语+宾语+补语中文英语补语的成分他们任命他为海军上将。They appointed him admiral名词我相信那是他I believe it him .代词他把墙粉刷成绿色。He painted the house green.形容词你希望她什么时间回来。What time do you expect her back.副词我发现他是真正的朋友。I found him to be a true friend. 不定式我让他等着。I kept him waiting .现在分词我们把这种生活叫做白吃不干活We call such a way of life eating the bread of idleness.动名词我发现所有事情都正常。I found everything in good condition.短语我.们使他找到自我。We have made him what he is .从句例句翻译分析我觉得这样做是我的义务。I think to do so my duty.I think it my duty to do so 首先确定句型S+V+O+C第一句不顺口用先行宾语句型结构我一直认为他是诚实的。I have always thought him honest首先确定句型S+V+O+C然后确定时态今天我觉得我的生活有说不出来的空虚。Now I feel my live unspeakable empty.首先确定句型S+V+O+C然后确定时态她披头散发。She wore her hair loose首先确定句型S+V+O+C他请医生检查了他的眼睛。He had her eyes examined by the doctor.首先确定句型S+V+O+C然后确定时态他们说话把声音都说哑了。He talked himself hoarse.用反身代词做宾语。首先确定句型S+V+O+C他们谈的睡着了。They talked themselves asleep.用反身代词做宾语。首先确定句型S+V+O+C翻译练习：1他们选举王先生做议员。2户外运动使我们身心健康。3我吃过晚饭照例出去散步一回。4我们发现他躺在马路边上。5我们的身体和衣服都要保持清洁，以免生病。6那叫做答非所问。7我感觉到哪个问题很难解决。8我认为把那件事情保密是明智的。9我把他看作我的恩人。10他们把她描写成天仙一般的美女。参考译文：1They elected Mr. Wang a councilman.2Outdoor exercise makes us strong in mind and body.3I make it a rule to take an hours walk after supper.4We found him lying on the pavement.5We should keep our bodies and clothes clean not to be attacked by illness.6I call that answer impertinent.7I found it difficult to solve that problem.8I deemed it prudent to keep the thing a secret.9I look upon him as my benefactor.10They describe her as a fairylike beautiful woman.(2) 充分利用各种短语翻译翻译找出句型来对号入座很容易如果都是词翻词枯燥乏味没意思短语充分来利用句子优美又顺畅短语动词与动词短语的选择翻译练习分析你不应该那你小弟弟们来开玩笑。You should not make fun of your little brother.选择短语 make fun of 做谓语确定句型 S+V+O明天市政厅要举行音乐会。A concert is to take place at the town hall tomorrow.选择动词短语做不定式 to take place确定句型 主语+ 系动词 +动词不定式作表语我们没有钱就生活不了。We can not get along without money.选择动词短语作 get along谓语确定句型是 S+V+Ad他赶不上班。He couldnt keep up with the class.选择短语动词 keep up with 作谓语确定句型为 S+V+O翻译练习你必须把所作的决定认真考虑。( think better of)You must think better of your resolution.我规定在晚饭前出去散步一回。( make a point of)I make a point of taking a walk before supper.我不捉弄天真老实的人。( play a trick on)I dont play a trick on innocent people.他的脚有什么毛病。 (has something the matter with)He has something the matter with his foot.我和那件事情一点关系没有。( have nothing to do with)I have nothing to do with the matter. 独立成分和独立结构的选择独立成分很独立句子成分无关系独立结构不难辩逻辑主语易可见分形不定副介名自带逻主即可成翻译练习分析老实说， 我不喜欢他。To tell the truth, I do not like him.选择独立成分 To tell the truth,然后确定后面句型 S+V+O他可谓是一部活词典。He is, so to speak, a walking dictionary.独立成分 so to speak,整句句型为 S+Lv+P严格的说， 他不算是一个爱国者。Strictly speaking, he is not a patriot.独立成分 Strictly speaking句型为S+Lv+P太阳落山了， 孩子们回家去了。The sun having set, the children went home.选择独立结构 The sun having set,句型为 S+V+(Ad)有他在此，便无危险。He being here, there is no danger.选择独立结构 He being here,There be 句型翻译举例：使事情更加糟糕的 ， 天又下雨了。To make the matter worse, it began to rain again.以他的年龄而论， 他是够聪明的。Considering his age, he is very clever.从个方面考虑， 他的命运是幸福的。Taking all things into consideration, his lot is a happy one.工作做完了，他们就回家了。The work done, they left for home.春天来了， 我们到公园去散步。Spring coming on, we go to gardens to take a walk.他是我的长辈， 我应当尊敬他。He being my elder, I should respect him.介词短语和短语介词的选择汉语翻英多留意分清介短与短介短语介词后跟名介词短语介加名翻译练习分析他因生病，所以没来。He did not come on account of illness选择短语介词 on account of句型为S+V+Ad他们远赴中国。He went as far as China.选择短语介词 as far as句型为S+V+Ad思想由语言表达。Thoughts are expressed by means of words.选择短语介词 by means of确定被动态句型为S+V+Ad一个品行优良的人受人尊敬。A man of good character is to be respected.选择介词短语作定语英语中of+名词= 形容词句型为S+Lv+P翻译举例；旅游的人以驴代马。（as a substitute for）The traveler is using an ass as a substitute for a horse.他和她结婚时是看上了她的财产。( with an eye to)He married her with an eye to her fortune.苹果放在篮子里。( in the basket.)The apples are in the basket.国王死后，政府改变了很多。( After the kings death)After the kings death, many changed were made in the government.(3)选择并列句翻译汉语并列句注意连词时有与时无译成英语须留心连词一般都用上。连词一般非四类四类连词能应用连词分类连词举例联合连词andBoth andNot only but alsoNo less thanAs well as furthermoreBesidesmoreover选择连词orEitherorNeithernorotherwiseOr else反意连词butyetwhilestillneverthelesshoweverwhereasonlynotwithstanding推论连词forthereforesohencewhereforeconsequentlyaccordingly翻译练习分析那里没有一个人，所以我走了。There was no one there , so I went away.两个简单句用连词 so 连接。我在那里呆了一个钟头就回家了。I stayed there on hour; then I went home.首先把汉语分成两个单句然后用连词 then 将两个单句连接起来一旦你露出恐惧迹象， 它就会攻击你。Once you show any sign of fear, he will attack you.将副词 Once用作连词 连接两个单句她是留学美国的，所以英语说得很好。She is an American returned student, therefore she speak good English.连词 therefore连接两个单句。翻译例句：他是一个美国人， 我听他说话就知道。He is an American, as I know from his accent.哪个婴儿愈来愈虚弱，终于不久就死了。The little baby grew more and more sickly, until presently it died.有的人富有，有的人贫穷。Some men are rich, while others are poor.他开始说话，全体肃静。He began to speak, and all was still.赶快，否则你就要迟到了。Hurry up or else you will be late.我没有钱， 我也不想有钱。I am not rich ,nor do I wish to be.他身体很虚弱， 但他仍要工作。He is not in good health, but he still wants to work.事业的成功不但要有精力，而且要有耐性。Not only energy but patience is necessary to success in life.（4）选择复合句翻译复合句子能找到其中连词很重要汉语翻译成英语怎样安排复合句翻译之前先斟酌主句从句怎安排复合句中连词的分类连词的分类连词举例单独连词asifthanthoughlestwhensincewhile复合连词althoughbecauseunlesswhereas关联连词AsasAssosoasSothatThetheror短语连词As soon as As long as so long as As if As thoughIn case In order that In that For fear thatThe moment.英语其他成分充当连词举例翻译什么成分充当连词下次见你的时候，我就把那本书借给你。Next time I see you, I will lend you the book.名词 Next time随便你选择哪一个我都可以给你。Whichever you choose, I will give it to you .代词 Whichever如果我离去，你会觉得难过吗？Suppose I were going away, should you be sorry?动词 Suppose即来之，则安之。Now that you are here, youd better stay.副词 Now如果你不更加讲究卫生，你就不会有更好的健康。You will not have better health, without you take better care of yourself.介词 without翻译举例：敬人者人恒敬之He who respects others is constantly respected. (定语从句)三尺童子无不识之。There is no child but knows him.(but=who do not)( 定语从句)人熟无过No man but err.( but= who do not )(定语从句)你买东西非钱不可。When you buy things, you must have money.(时间状语从句)有志者事竟成Where there is a will, there is a way.(地点状语从句)入乡随俗When in Rome , do as the Romans do.(方式状语从句)哪个太太和丈夫一样高。The wife is as tall as the husband (is).(比较状语从句)因为我们没有钱，所以用不着想度假的事情。Since we have no money , it is no good thinking about a holiday.(原因状语从句)当心以免从树上掉下来。Be careful lest you should fall from the treel.( 目的状语从句)我太疲倦了，随即上床去睡觉了。I was so tired that I went to bed at once.( 结果状语从句)如果你明天有空，请来我家坐坐。If you are free tomorrow, please come to see me. (条件状语从句)虽然天气很冷， 他并没有生火。Although it was cold, he did not light the fire.(让步状语从句)他会来这 是确实的。That he will be here is true.( 名词从句作主语)他说他要来的。He said that he would come .( 名词从句作宾语)翻译练习：1我们都晓得时间就是金钱。2我们不知道这是真是假。3我非常想知道这个时候他在家不在家。4自从他去年离开这里以来我还没有见到过他。5他说话的口气好象他什么都懂似的。6我们读书是为了求知。7豹死留皮，人死留名。8如果合算的话，我就接受那份工作。9忧愁使他变成这个样子。10没有互敬是不能有友谊的。参考译文：1We all know that time is money.2I do not know whether it is true or not.3I wonder if he is at home at this time of day.4I have not seen him since he left here last year.5He speaks as if he understood everything.6We study in order that we may gain knowledge.7When the leopard dies , he leaves his skin; a man ,his reputation.