硕士学位班英语考试卷3.doc

硕士学位班英语考试卷 (3)(Test of English for Non-English Major Postgraduate )Part I Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: There are four reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions. For each question there are four suggested answers marked a, b, c and d. You should choose the ONE best answer.Passage One The qualities of leadership are almost constant the world over. If you would like to become president of your class, school, or student council, you must first demonstrate that you have the potentials of leadership. For one thing, you must show that you are interested in your school and in your fellow students. In practical terms, this means taking an active part in school activities. It means joining clubs, attending dances and other social functions, and going out for athletics-if you are athletic. But many young people have to push themselves to join clubs or attend dances. Perhaps you are one of them. The basic reason for this hesitancy is natural shyness. There is nothing whatever wrong with shyness; it can be overcome if you recognize that it is not a permanent affliction, and if you realize, too, that most of your schoolmates are probably as shy as you are. If you consciously strive to overcome shyness by going out to meet people, you will find yourself at the same time developing another quality of leadership-understanding. As your circle of friends and contacts widens you will get to know your schoolmates better. Because you are no longer so concerned with your own feelings, you will begin to respect and take into account the feelings of others. Your friends and acquaintances will be aware of your new attitude, for it will show in many small ways-your greeting, conversation, and willingness to give and accept friendship. Another quality of leadership which you can develop is willingness to do a bit extra. If you are expected to sell ten tickets to a dance, for example, and sell fifteen, you have proved your interest and your effort to make your organization successful. Once you acquire the reputation of always doing a little more than expected, your fellow students will be willing to trust you with greater responsibilities. All your extra effort also indicates enthusiasm, and shows that you concentrate more on how to do a job efficiently than on its difficulties. A fourth quality of leadership is imagination-the ability to see a way through problems and to develop new ideas. You can develop this all-important quality by devoting extra thought during quiet moments to problems being faced by your organization. Many members of a club sit passively through a meeting, and give no more thought to club matters until the next meeting. But if you take time during the week to think over the last meeting, you are likely to come up with new ideas( or at least some questions ) to contribute at the next meeting. As you show that you are interested in your school or organization, that you have understanding and respect for your schoolmates, and that you will work hard and use your imagination, your schoolmates will naturally think of you as one of their leaders. When the time comes for election of class or student body officers, you will be mentioned as a possible candidate by your closer friends, and this word will reach other groups until you are given a chance to declare yourself a candidate without seeming immodest.1.This article _.a. discusses how a person can develop qualities of leadershipb. Indicates various ways a good leader can make friends and influence peoplec. analyzes the responsibilities of leadershipd. explains why many people are not good leaders2.The author apparently feels that a person who is not athletic _.a. should go out for athletics anywayb. is definitely not interested in school electionsc. has no chance of becoming a leaderd. can participate in other school activities 3.The author thinks that understanding of others leads to _.a. respect for othersb. willingness to do a bit extrac. overcoming ones shynessd. understanding of ones own feelings 4.The author feels that _.a. a person is born with imaginationb. Imagination can be developedc. Some people have no imaginationd. Imagination prevents one from thinking hard 5.In the sentence “The basic reason for this hesitance is natural shyness.” The word “hesitancy” means _.a. willingnessb. reluctancec. embarrassmentd. indecisionPassage Two There is much discussion today about whether economic growth is desirable. At an earlier period, our desire for material wealth may have been justified. Now, however, this desire for more than we need is causing serious problems. Even though we have good intentions, we may be producing too much, too fast.Those who criticize economic growth argue that we must slow down. They believe that society is approaching certain limits on growth. These include the fixed supply of natural resources, the possible negative effects of industry on the natural environment, and the continuing increase in the worlds population. As society reaches these limits, economic growth can no longer continue, and the quality of life will decrease.People who want more economic growth, on the other hand, argue that even at the present growth rate there are still many poor people in the world. These proponents of economic growth believe that only more growth can create the capital needed to improve the quality of life in the world. Furthermore, they argue that only continued growth can provide the financial resources required to protect our natural surroundings from industrialization.This debate over the desirability of continued economic growth is of vital importance to business and industry. If those who argue against economic growth are correct, the problems they mention cannot be ignored. To find a solution, economists and the business community must pay attention to these problems and continue discussing them with one another.6. According to those who argue against economic growth we must slow down for the following reasons except that _.a. our natural surroundings are in danger of being destroyed by industryb. the fixed supply of natural resources marks a point beyond which economic growth cannot continuec. the world population is ever increasingd. more efforts should be made to improve the quality of our material life7. Those who want more economic growth believe that continued economic growth _.a. is essential to the well-being of society as a wholeb. can provide the solution to many of our social problems todayc. can protect our environment from being polluted by industryd. can provide us with more natural resources for industrialization8. We may infer from the context that “proponents” ( Paragraph 3 ) most probably means _.a. arguments in support of somethingb. disagreementsc. people who argue for somethingd. people who argue against something9.The passage is mainly about _.a. the contradiction between economists and the business communityb. the present debate on economic growthc. the advantages and disadvantages of economic growthd. the importance of the debate on economic growth10. We may infer from the passage that _.a. the author describes the case as it isb. the author is for economic growthc. the author is against continued economic growthd. the author is very much worried about the problems caused by continued economic growthPassage Three The writing of a historical synthesis involves integrating the materials available to the historian into a comprehensible whole. The problem in writing a historical synthesis is to find a pattern in, or impose a pattern upon, the detailed information that has already been used to explain the causes for a historical event. A synthesis seeks common elements in which to interpret the various parts of a historical event. The initial step, therefore, in writing a historical synthesis, is to put the event to be synthesized in a proper historical perspective, so that the common elements or strands making up the event can be determined. This can be accomplished by analyzing the historical event as part of a general trend or continuum in history. The common elements that are familiar to the event will become the ideological framework in which the historian seeks to synthesize. This is not to say that any factor will not have a greater relative value in the historians handling of the synthesis, but rather that all factors are interrelated when viewed in a broad historical perspective. The historian, in synthesizing, must determine the extent to which the existing hypotheses have similar trends. A general trend line, once established, will enable these similar trends to be correlated and paralleled within the conceptual framework of a common base. A synthesis further seeks to determine from existing hypotheses, why an outcome took the direction it did; thus, it necessitates reconstructing the spirit of the time in order to assimilate the political, social, psychological, etc., factors within a common base. As such, the synthesis becomes the logical construct in interpreting the common ground between an original explanation of an outcome (thesis) and the reinterpretation of the outcome along different lines (antithesis). Therefore, the synthesis necessitates the integration of the materials available into a comprehensible whole which will in turn provide a new historical perspective for the event being synthesized.11. The author would be most concerned with which of the following?a. Finding the most important cause for a particular historical event.b. Imposing a pattern upon varying interpretations for the causes of a particular historical event.c. Attributing the many conditions that together led to a particular historical event to a single motive.d. Determining when hypotheses need to be reinterpreted.12. The most important preliminary step in writing a historical synthesis would be _.a. to accumulate sufficient reference material to explain an eventb. analyzing the historical event to determine if a “single theme theory” applies to the eventc. determining the common strands that make up a historical eventd. interpreting historical factors to determine if one factor will have a greater relative value13. The best definition for the term “historical synthesis” would be _.a. combining elements of differing material into a unified wholeb. a tentative theory set forth as an explanation for an eventc. the direct opposite of the original interpretation of an eventd. interpreting historical material to prove the history repeats itself14. A historian seeks to reconstruct the “spirit” of a time period because _.a. the events in history are more important than the people who make historyb. existing hypotheses are inadequate in explaining historical eventsc. this is the best method to determine the single most important cause for a particular actiond. varying factors can be assimilated within a common base15. Which of the following statements would the author consider false?a. One factor in a historical synthesis will not have a greater value than other factors.b. It is possible to analyze common unifying points in hypothesis.c. Historical events should be studied as part of a continuum in history.d. A synthesis seeks to determine why an outcome took the direction it did.Passage FourBeauty has always been regarded as something praiseworthy. Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier and healthier, have better marriages and have more respectable occupations. Personal consultants give them better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are softer on attractive defendants. But in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability.While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executive ladder, it is harmful to woman.Handsome male executives were perceived as having more integrity than plainer men; effort and ability were thought to account for their success.Attractive female executives were considered to have less integrity than unattractive ones; their success was attributed not to ability but to factors such as luck. All unattractive women executives were thought to have more integrity and to be more capable than the attractive female executives. Interestingly, though, the rise of the unattractive overnight successes was attributed more to personal relationship and less to ability than was that of attractive overnight successes. Why are attractive women not thought to be able? An attractive woman is perceived to be more feminine and an attractive man more masculine than the less attractive ones. Thus, an attractive woman has an advantage in traditionally female jobs, but an attractive woman in a traditionally masculine position appears to lack the “masculine” qualities required. This is true even in politics. “When the only clue is how he or she looks, people treat men and women differently, says Anne Bowman, who recently published a study on the effects of attractiveness on political candidates. She asked 125 undergraduate students to rank two groups of photographs, one of men and one of women, in order of attractiveness. The students were told the photographs were of candidates for political offices. They were asked to rank them again, in the order they would vote for them.The results showed that attractive males utterly defeated unattractive men, but the women who had been ranked most attractive invariably received the fewest votes.16. The word “liability”(Paragraph 1, Line 4) most probably means _. a. misfortune b. instability c. disadvantage d. burden17. In traditionally female jobs, attractiveness _.a. reinforces the feminine qualities requiredb. makes women look more honest and capablec. is of primary importance to womend. often enables women to succeed quickly18. Bowmans experiment reveals that when it comes to politics, attractiveness _.a. turns out to be an obstacle to menb. affects men and women alikec. has as little effect on men as on womend. is more of an obstacle than a benefit to women19. It can be inferred from the passage that peoples views on beauty are often _. a. practical b. prejudiced c. old-fashioned d. radical20. The author writes this passage to _.a. discuss the negative aspects of being attractiveb. give advice to job-seekers who are attractivec. demand equal rights for womend. emphasize the importance of appearancePart II Vocabulary and Structure (15%)Section ADirections: For each of the following blanks, four choices are given. Choose the most appropriate one21. There was once a town in this country where all life seemed to live in _ with its surroundings.a. coincidence b. harmony c. uniform d. alliance22. The court considers a financial _ to be an appropriate way of punishing him.a. payment b. obligation c. option d. penalty23. It is true that _ a wild plant into a major food crop such as wheat requires much researchtime.a. multiplying b. breeding c. magnifying d. generating24. We must cherish experience acquired _ our own blood.a. by reason of b. at the mercy of c. at the cost of d. by virtue of 25. While machines have rescued farmers from a mainly labor-intensive existence, still the _on weather plagues their days.a. availability b. changeability c. dependence d. relevance26. The successful hijacking _ a number of terrorist activities.a. triggered b. propelled c. upheld d. testified 27. His use of color, light and form quickly departed from the conventional style of his _ ashe developed his own technique.a. descendants b. predecessors c. successors d. ancestors28. Englands team, who are now superbly fit, will be doing their best next week to _ them-selves for last years defeat.a. revive b. retort c. revenge d. remedy29. A 1994 World Bank report concluded that _ girls in school was probably the single most effective anti-poverty policy in the developing world today.a. assigning b. admitting c. involving d. enrolling30. The old couple decided to move out of town to a quiet _, where they had spent several years immediately after their marriage.a. space b. suburb c. neighborhood d. area 31. His mother usually has an apple for _ at the end of a dinner because she firmly believes that “An apple a day keeps the doctor away.” a. dessert b. deserter c. desert d. desertion32. Since your supervisor has _ the time for a talk with you, you must make sure that you will be there on time. a. predicted b. specified c. yielded d. classified33. When we think of communication, we _ think of using words talking face-to-face, writing messages and so on. a. shortly b. practically c. namely d. normally34. The word “must” is often used to indicate _ while “might” refers to possibility.a. capacity b. equality c. ability d. probability35. There would be about 10 million other planets in the universe that could physically _ the earth.a. resemble b. look for c. imitate d. take on Section BDirections: For each of the underlined words or phrases, four choices are given. Choose the one that best explains or defines the underlined part.36. It makes sure that he is well taken care of .a. gua