八年级英语上册 Unit 4 Our World词句精讲精练 （新版）仁爱版.doc

Unit 4 Our World词句精讲精练【词汇精讲】1. share（1）share用作及物动词，意为“共用；合用；分享”。例如：Its hard to share power. 权力很难分享。（2）share sth. with sb.意为“与某人分享某物”。例如：Tony shared his chocolate with other kids.托尼把他的巧克力与其他孩子分着吃了。She shares a house with two other students.她与另外两个同学合住一所房子。2. feed feed作动词，意为“喂养，饲养”。常用如下搭配：（1）feedto中的feed是及物动词，其后接饲料或食物名词作宾语，to为介词，其后一般接动物或小孩等名词表示对象，意为“把喂给吃”。例如：Please feed some grass to the cow. 请给牛喂点草。She has fed milk to the baby. 她已给婴儿喂过奶。（2）feedon中的feed也是及物动词,其后接人或动物名词作宾语, on后接食物或饲料名词,意为“用喂”。on与with 可替换。例如：The child was feeding the monkey on/with a banana.那孩子正用香蕉喂猴子。3. thousandthousand是数词，意为“千”，当表示具体的“几千”时，用“基数词 + thousand”，注意不加-s。例如： There are nine thousand students in our school. 我们学校有9000名学生。【拓展】（1）thousands of 表示“数千，成千上万的”，这时thousand后要加-s，且后面有介词of，但是不能与数词连用。例如：There are thousands of people in the street. 在街上有成千上万的人。（2）表示数词的还有hundred“百”，million“百万”，billion“十亿”。它们的用法和thousand一样，可以用来表示约数和确数。例如：More than ninehundredpeople have died in the fighting.900多人在这场战斗中丧生。The programme was viewed on television inmillionsofhomes.无数家庭通过电视收看了这个节目。4. find out find out意为“找到，发现，查明”，多指通过调查、询问、打听、研究之后“弄明白”。通常含有“经过困难、曲折”之后才找出难以找到的东西。例如： Please find out when the train leaves. 请查一下火车什么时候离站。【拓展】 （1）find是动词，意为“找到”，通常指找到或发现具体的东西，强调的是找的结果。例如： He didnt find his book. 他没有找到他的书。 （2）look for意为“寻找”，是有目的地找，强调找的动作。例如： Jim is looking for his little dog. 吉姆正在找他的狗。5. protectprotect为及物动词，意为“保护”。常用搭配protect sb./sth. from，意为“保护某人/某物免受伤害”。例如：We should protect rare animals.我们应该保护珍稀动物。Parents protect their young children from danger. 父母保护他们的孩子不受伤害。6. look uplook up 意为“（在词典或参考书中）查阅，检查”，其后跟名词作宾语，名词可放在look和up之间，也可放在look up 之后；如果代词作宾语，则只能放在look和up之间。例如：Look up the word in the book, and you will know its meaning.在书中查查这个词，你就知道它的意思了。Please look them up in the dictionary carefully. 请仔细在词典中查一下它们。 7. missing missing是形容词，意为“找不到的，失踪的”。例如： They still hoped to find their missing son. 他们依然希望找到他们失踪的儿子。【拓展】辨析 missing ; lost ; gone missing意为“失踪的，找不到的”，强调某人或某物不在原处。lost意为“丢失的，迷路的，输掉了的”。gone意为“离开的，过去的，不复存在的”，不做定语。例如：I never found the missing letter.我一直没有找到丢失的那封信。Dont go too far away, or youll get lost.不要走得太远，否则你会迷路的。Now it was gone, as though it had never been.现在它已逝去，仿佛它从未存在过。8. talk about sth. talk是不及物动词，意为“谈话，讲话”。常用短语：talk about sb. / sth. 谈论某人/某事；talk to sb. 和某人谈论；talk with sb. 和某人交谈。例如：They are talking about a movie. 他们在谈论一部电影。 Dont talk to me while Im studying. 在我学习时不要和我说话。Ill need totalkwithyou, but theres no hurry.我得和你谈谈，但不着急。9. in dangerin danger 意为“处于危险中”。danger是名词，意为“危险”，danger的反义词是safety，意为“安全”。dangerous是形容词，意为“危险的”，常放在be动词后面作表语。dangerous的反义词是safe，意为“安全的”。例如：We must help the animals in danger. 我们必须帮助处于危险中的动物。 Its dangerous here，please take the boy to the safety. 这危险，请把男孩带到安全的地方去。10. run out of run out of 意为“用完”，主语只能是人。例如：He has run out of red ink. 他的红墨水用完了。 We run out of coal, and had to burn wood. 我们的煤用完了，所以不得不烧柴。 【拓展】run out of和run out的辨析：run out和run out of 这两个短语都有“用完”的意思，但用法不同。run out作不及物动词短语，表示“被用完；被耗尽”，其主语通常是时间、金钱、食物等无生命的名词。而run out of则是及物动词短语，表示主动。例如：His strength ran out. 他的力气用完了。11. pay attention to pay attention to表示“注意；留心；专心”，该短语中to是介词，后面可以接名词、代词、动名词或宾语从句。例如： Dont pay any attention to Nina she doesnt know what shes talking about. 别理睬Nina她根本不知道自己在说什么。You must pay attention to the problems of spelling in your writing.你必须注意你写作中的拼写问题。You should pay more attention to observing.你应该多注意观察。12. die outdie out 意为“灭绝”，是固定短语。例如： This species has nearly died out because their habitat is being destroyed.因栖息地正遭受破坏，这一物种已几乎灭绝。【拓展】die是不及物动词，意为“死”。其现在分词是dying；过去式和过去分词为died；其名词为death；形容词为dead。例如：His grandpa died three years ago. 他的祖父三年前死了。His grandpas death made him very sad.他祖父的死使他很伤心。The old man has been dead for many years.这位老人已经去世多年了。【注意】（1）die是非延续动词，不能与表示一段时间的短语连用，应用be dead 来代替。（2）dying 是形容词，意为“临终的；垂死的”，用来做定语，修饰名词。例如：dying wishes临终遗愿。13. land land作名词，意为“陆地”。例如：Most mammals live on land. 大多数哺乳动物生活在陆地上。【拓展】land作不及物动词，意为“着陆”。例如：When are we landing? 我们什么时候着陆？In a few minutes. 等几分钟就着陆了。14. whole & all whole和all都可作形容词，都有“整个的，完全的”之意，但用法不同。 （1）whole表示“全部的，全体的”，用法如下： 1) 用在表示整体的单数名词前：限定词 + whole + 单数名词。例如：the whole year 全年 2) 可接复数名词：限定词+ whole + of + 复数名词。例如：the whole of students 全体学生 3) whole不能修饰不可数名词或物质名词，不能说the whole water。 （2）all表示“全，都”，主要用法如下：1) 用在表示整体的单数名词前，all + 限定词 + 单数名词。例如：all the year 一整年2) 可接复数名词，all + 限定词 + 复数名词。例如：all the students 全体学生3) all 能用于各种情况。例如：all the water所有的水【注意】 当whole和all与复数名词连用时，whole强调“完整的；整体的”，而all强调“所有的”。例如：It snowed for fifteen whole days this January. 今年一月整整下了十五天雪。Im glad that all my friends can come to my birthday party. 我很高兴，所有的朋友都能来参加我的生日聚会。【词汇精练】I. 根据句意及首字母提示补全单词。1. People can enjoy n_ in the countryside. The air is fresher and the sky is bluer there.2. She c_ the table with a cloth yesterday.3. In the o_, there are all kinds of fishes.4. Thousands of old trees were in the f_ ten years ago, but now there are few.5. She began to draw on the paper, after a while, a beautiful cat a_.6. Wes here and there, but could not find her.7. She probably knew that I wasnt telling her thew story.8. The security forces have started searching for them men.II.根据句意及汉语提示填空。1. These plants float on the _ (表面) of the water.2. My grandparents keep a lot of _ (绵羊) in the countryside.3. The fox usually _ (以为食) meat.4. The teacher had no _ (控制) over the children.5. The rivers in the countryside are much _(清澈的) than those in the cities. 6. He sets an _ (榜样) to the other students.7. They could learn English well in such a bad _ (情况).8. Robots can _ (修理) machines easily.9. I am quite sleepy. Dont _ (叫醒) me up until 8 oclock tomorrow morning.10. Mr. Wang advised us to use an English-English _ (字典).11.The school promised rapid (结果)in the learning of languages. 12. We take care of animals and plants. In fact we _ (保护) ourselves.III. 根据句意，用方框中所给词的适当形式填空。danger, sheep, make, France, science1. A lot of _ are eating grass by the river.2. Lin Tao can speak Chinese and _.3. The traffic here is very busy and its _ for children to walk alone.4. Whats this building _ of ?5. Mrs. Green is a famous _. She invented many useful things.IV. 综合填空。用所给词的适当形式填空，其中有两项多余。feed, fresh, rubber, small, on, control, meatThere are a lot of trees around us. The trees can help to make the air 1 and cleaner. They can also help to 2 the weather. They