英语冠词和代词

冠词,KING,冠词,不使用冠词,定冠词,不定冠词,aan,the,零冠词,冠词的分类,冠词的分类,不定冠词的用法,a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前an用在以元音音素开头的单词前,.,e.g._book_egg_usefulbook_undergroundroom,a,an,a,an,基本用法：指人或事物的某一种类,e.g.Sheisagirl.她是女孩Thisisadesk.这是一张书桌,泛指某人或者某物，但又不具体说明何人何物,e.g.Icanseeakite.AboyisinGrade1.,表示“数量”，“有一”“每一”的意思,e.g.Wehavesixclassesaday.,冠词的分类,定冠词的用法,基本用法：“特指”特指某（些）人或者某（些）事物，以便与其他的人或物有所区别,.,e.g.ThebookonthedeskisJims.书桌上的那本书是吉姆的Thechairsarethere.椅子在那里,指谈话双方都知道的人或事物,e.g.Whereisthekite?风筝在哪儿？（双方都知道指的是哪只风筝）Openthedoor,please.请把门打开（双方都知道要打开哪扇门）,在叙述中，上文提到过的人或者事物，再次出现时,e.g.：Icanseeakite.我看见一只风筝：whereisthekite?这个风筝在那里？,用在姓氏的复数名词前，表示“一家人”,e.g.theBlacks布来克一家,冠词的分类,定冠词的用法,用在宇宙间独一无二的天体名词之前,.,e.g.thesuntheskythemoontheearth,用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词only,very,same前,e.g.Iliveonthesecondfloor.我住在二楼Skatingisthebestsportinwinter.滑冰是冬天最好的运动,用在某些建筑物和旅馆的名称之前,ThePalaceMuseumTheSummerPalace,用在表示乐器的名词之前,e.g.theviolinthepiano,冠词的分类,定冠词的用法,用在一些习惯用语中,9.,hedayinthemorning/afternoon/eveningthedaybeforetomorrow/yesterdaythenextmorning/week/month/yearinthesky/water/field/countryinthedarkintheraininthedistanceinthemiddle(of)intheendonthewholebythewaygotothetheatre(cinema),冠词的分类,零冠词的用法,名词前有了物主代词、指示代词、不定代词和“”所有格时。,.,e.g.OurbooksthoseapplesJimspen,附复数名词在表示一类人或者事物时。,e.g.Theyareteachers.他们是老师。,在专有名词前,e.g.ChinaEngland,在星期、月份、节日前,e.g.onSundayinAugustonChildrensDay,不使用冠词的情况,冠词的分类,零冠词的用法,在球类运动前及三餐名词前。,5.6.,e.g.playfootball/basketballhavesupper,在一些固定搭配中,e.g.atnightgotoschoolattablebybikeatworkgotobedatschoolathomewatchTV,不使用冠词的情况,四、有定冠词与无定冠词的区别beinchargeof负责beinthechargeof由负责；在掌管之下byday在白天bytheday按日计算Itisoutofquestion.那是毫无疑问的。Itisoutofthequestion.那是根本不可能的。threeofus我们中的三个人thethreeofus我们三个人takeplace发生taketheplaceof代替,五、冠词的位置冠词一般放在名词之前，名词之前若有形容词，冠词要放在形容词之前。但下列情况例外：1.冠词放在quite，many，such，what等词之后。quiteaninterestingstory2.so/as/too/how形容词a/an单数名词。Itstoodifficultaproblem.,3.rather可位于冠词前或后。arathercolddayratheracoldday4.half可位于冠词之前，也可位于冠词之后。halfanhourahalfhour5.all，both放在the之前。allthebooks；boththeboys,一、单项选择题1、_bookonthedeskis_usefulone.A.The;anB.A;aC.The;a、_oldladyinbrownis_universityprofessor.A.An;aB.An;/C.The;a、Whatcanyouseebythelake?Icansee_oldmansittingonthechair.A.aB.anC.the、Haveyouhad_lunchyet?A.aB./C.The、Thereis_“f”intheword“wife”.A.anB.aC.The、Heis_bestoneinourschool.A.aB.anC.The,C,A,B,B,C,C,7、Mybrothercanplay_footballwellandhecanalsoplay_pianowell.A.the;B.;theC.the;the8、letsgoandhave_walkaround_school.A.a;theB./;/C.the;a9、_boyhasbrokenthewindow.A.AB.TheC.bothAandB10、Youmayask_oldmanlisteningto_radiounder_treefor_adviceaboutit.A.an;the;the;/B.the;/;the;/C.The;the;the;/11、Theyworkin_sameshop.Theyarepaidby_day.A.the;theB.a;aC.the;/12、whatis_plane?_machinethatcanfly.A.the;theB.a;theC.a;A,B,A,C,C,C,C,13、Itgaveme_greatsurprisethathehadcookedsuch_nicefood.A.a;aB.a;/C.the;the14、Its_pitytobelistenedtobynobody.A.aB.anC.the15、Failureis_motherofsuccess.A.theB.aC./16、_numberof_studentsismorethan1,200.A.The;theB.A;theC.A;a17、Shipssend_messagestoeachotherby_radio.A.the;theB./;aC./;/18、_orangeis_orange.A.The;aB.An;/C.A;an,A,A,A,A,C,B,19、Thereis_appleand_pieceofbreadontheplate.A.a;aB.an;aC.an;the20、Wedontknowsheis_honestgirl.A.aB.anC.the21、Doyouwanttobe_artistwhenyougrowup?A.theB.aC.an22、Aspaceshipfliesataboutelevenkilometers_second.A./B.aC.the23、BettyisfromBeijing.Itis_oldcityand_capitalofourcountry.A.the;theB.an;aC.an;the24、Mydaughtersaidthemanhadhitheron_face.A.aB./C.the,B,B,C,B,C,C,25、Thatis_mapof_world.A.a;aB.the;aC.a;the26、LessonFouris_difficultlesson,butitisnt_mostdifficultoneinBook2.A.a;theB.an;theC.The;a27、Mr.Blackdidntgotoworkyesterdaybecausehewasillin_bed.A.theB.aC./28、Whatsthatoverthere?Its_boat.A.theB.anC.a29、Mikeis_Americanboy.Hestudiesin_unniversityinGuangdong.A.a;anB.an;aC.an;the30、Haveyougot_emailaddress?A.aB.anC./,Keys,C,A,C,C,B,B,1.Couldyoutellmethewayto_Johnsons，please?Sorry，wedonthave_Johnsonhereinthevillage.A.the；theB.the；aC.不填；theD.the；不填解析：theJohnsons指Johnson一家的房子、诊所等；第二空填a为泛指，“一个叫Johnson的人”。答案：B2.Iwantedtocatch_earlytrain，butcouldntget_ridetothestation.A.an；theB./；theC.an；/D.the；a解析：theearlytrain，早班车；getarideto.，搭车去(某地)。答案：D,3._walkisexpectedtolastallday，sobring_packedlunch.A.A；aB.The；不填C.The；aD.A；不填解析：thewalk指大家都知道的活动；apackedlunch，指(外带)一顿午餐。答案：C4.Ilike_colorofyourskirt.Itis_goodmatchforyourblouse.A.a；theB.a；aC.the；aD.the；the解析：thecolorofyourskirt，特指你的衬衫的颜色；agoodmatchfor表示和很搭配。答案：C,5.Forhim_stageisjust_meansofmakingaliving.A.a；aB.the；aC.the；theD.a；the解析：thestage意为“舞台”，而固定搭配ameansof则为“的方式”(此处means单复数同形)。答案：B6.Accordingto_reviewof44studies，Americanresearchersfoundthatmenandwomenwhoatesixkeyfoodsdailycuttheriskof_heartdiseaseby76%.A.a；theB.the；aC.a；/D./；a解析：由句意“根据由44人组成的调查中”可知，此处review表泛指；另外疾病前不加冠词。答案：C,7.Everywheremanhascutdown_forestsinordertogrowcrops，ortouse_woodasfuelorasbuildingmaterial.A.the；theB.the；/C./；theD./；/解析：复数名词forests表泛指；下句中的wood是forests中的，故为特指。答案：C8.Iknockedovermycoffeecup.Itwentrightover_keyboard.Youshouldntputdrinksnear_computer.A.the；不填B.the；aC.a；不填D.a；a解析：表特指要加定冠词；不定冠词可放在单数名词前，泛指一类人或物。答案：B,9.Thisbooktells_lifestoryofJohnSmith，wholeft_schoolandworkedforanewspaperattheageof16.A.the；theB.a；theC.the；不填D.a；不填解析：life后有介词短语作定语特指，故前加the；leaveschool意为“辍学”答案：C10.Wouldyoumindgivingyouradviceonhowtoimproveourbusinessmanagement?Ifyoumade_mostoftheequipment，therewouldbe_riseinproduction.A./；/B.the；aC.the；theD.the；/解析：makethemostof指“善加利用”；rise作名词，泛指“提升、升高”时前无冠词，但当“提升之人(物)”时，前则加不定冠词。答案：B,11.Thesalesmansaidthat_thiefwasayoungmanwith_brownhair.A.the；aB.the；不填C.a；不填D.a；a解析：此处thethief为说话双方能领会的；hair不可数名词前一般无冠词。答案：B12.Theshopneedsmorechildrenstoysin_store，fortheChildrensDayisjustaround_corner.A.the；/B./；theC.a；theD.the；the解析：instore意为“贮藏着、准备着”；aroundthecorne意为“在拐角处”；“即将来临”。答案：B,13.Will_sofado?Sure.Butifyouhavent，_chairisOK.A.the；aB.a；theC.a；aD./；/解析：考查冠词。此处的sofa和chair都是泛指一类物品中的任何一件，所以都用不定冠词。此题易误选A和B。答案：C14.Tomcouldntremembertheexactdateofthestorm，butheknewitwas_Sundaybecauseeverybodywasat_church.A.a；/B./；theC./；aD.the；/解析：根据句意，aSunday表“一个星期天”；(be)atchurch意为“做礼拜”。答案：A,15.Thepartylastnightwas_greatsuccess.Wesanganddanceduntilitcameto_endat1200.A.a；anB.a；theC.the；anD./；the解析：success指“成功的人(事)”时为可数名词，前可加不定冠词；cometoanend表示“结束”。答案：A,代词语法聚焦与练习,（）1Ifthequestion_incorrectly,_questionwillbegiventoyouAisanswered,otherBanswers,otherCisanswered,anotherDanswers,another【解析】首先由语态可以排除,项。主要区别other和another的用法。another是指另一个的意思，后面接单数，而other是指其它的，一般接复数，准确答案是。（）2Whichwouldyouliketodrink,coffeeororangejuice?PleasegivemeacupofteaANeitherBBothCA11DNone【解析根据回答，知道前面问的咖啡和橙汁都不要，所以应该选择Neither，表示两者中的任何一个都不。而None用在三个以上的事物上。,C,A,（）3AnoldfriendofmysistersalwayshelpsmybrotherandwithEnglishAI;ourBme;ourselvesCI;myDme;us（）4HisMP3isthesameas,butitismoreexpensiveAhimBmineCmyDher（）5Arethekeysoverthere_?-No,GoandaskAnnaTheymaybelongtoherAyouByourCyoursDYourself（）6ImleavingfortheexamByebye,MumWell,makesureyouvegot_readyAsomethingBanythingCeverythingDnothing,D,B,C,C,（）7SamlookslikehisDadTheyare_tallAeitherBanyCallDboth（）8IsthistheGreenshouse?No._isoverthereAHisBTheirCTheirsDThem（）9Whereismypen?Haveyouseen_?Oh,sorryIhavetaken_bymistakeAit,yoursBthem,hisCit,mineDthem,hers（）10Isthiskite_,Tom?Yes,itsmineItsmadeby_Ayours,myselfBmine,myselfCours,himselfDyour,myself,D,C,A,A,一、人称代词,2人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主语，宾格作宾语。如：liketabletennis（作主语）Doyouknow?（作宾语）3人称代词还可作表语。作表语时用宾格。如：Whoisknockingatthedoor?Its4人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时，用主格和宾格都可以。如：HeisolderthanHeisolderthanam,I,I,him,me,me,Whoistheboyoverthere?-_ismybrother.A.HeB.HisC.HimD.Himself2.DoyouknowaboutDavid?-Yes,Iknow_verywell.A.heB.himselfC.himD.his3.LastSundayeverybodywenttothecinemaexcept_.A.IandTomB.TomandmeC.TomandID.meandTom,A,C,B,二、物主代词,1表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，如下表所示。,2形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。Eg:teacheriscomingtoseeusThisispencilbox3名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。Ourschoolishere,andisthere作主语IsthisEnglishbook?（作表语）NoMineisinmybagIvealreadyfinishedmyhomeworkHaveyoufinished?（作宾语）,Our,her,theirs,yours,yours,-Mypenislost.-Dontworryaboutit.Youcanuse_.A.myB.mineC.meD.myself2.Sonia,isthisyourdictionary?-Oh,no,itsnot_.AskLiLei,heislookingfor_.A.me,hersB.mine,himC.my,herD.mine,his3._schoolisbiggerthan_.A.Our,theirB.Ours,theirsC.Theirs,ourD.Their,ours,B,D,D,三反身代词的用法,【说明】反身代词的惯用语：byoneself独自foroneself为自己，亲自ofoneself自动地，自发地helponeselfto随便吃，自行取用cometooneself苏醒makeoneselfathome不要客气,1.Mr.Wuputsomefruitonthetableandaskedmetohelp_.A.myselfB.herselfC.himselfD.yourself2.DontleaveMaryby_.Sheisonlytwoyearsold.A.herB.sheC.hersD.herself3.Shecantmendherbike_.A.herselfB.herC.hersD.she4.WhenJonathanwenttoSpainwithhissister,heboughtaleathercoatforherandanotherfor_.A.himB.himselfC.heD.his,A,D,B,A,四、指示代词,指示代词包括：this，that，these，those.1this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that和those则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人，例如：WearebusydaysIndaystheworkershadahardtimeThisisapenandisapencil2有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物，例如：Theonlythingyoucanchangeisyourself,andsometimesthatchangeseverything.WhatIwanttosayis;pronunciationisveryimportantinlearningEnglish,these,those,that,this,3有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that或those代替，例如：TelevisionsetsmadeinBeijingarejustasgoodasthosemadeinShanghai4this在电话用语中代表自己，that则代表对方。例如：Hello!ThisisMaryIsthatJackspeaking?,ThelifeinJapanisdifferentfrom_inAmerica.A.oneB.thatC.itD.those2.Whoisthatspeaking?-_A.IamAnn.B.ItsAnn.C.ThatisAnn.3.Asamatteroffact,SaudiArabiasoilreservesaresecondonlyto_.A.KuweitB.thatofKuweitC.KuweitssD.thoseofKuweit,B,B,D,四、相互代词,表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。相互代词有eachother和oneanother两种形式。在当代英语中，eachother和oneanother没有什么区别。相互代词可在句中作宾语，定语。作定语用时，相互代词用所有格形式。Weshouldlearnfromeachother/oneanother.作宾语Doyouoftenwritetoeachother/oneanother?作宾语Weoftenborroweachothers/oneanothersbooks（作定语）Thestudentscorrectedeachothers/oneanothersmistakesintheirhomework（作定语）,Theyvisited_home.A.eachotherB.eachothersC.eachothers2.Weshouldhelp_.A.eachotherB.eachothersC.eachothers,B,A,五、不定代词,不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。现将几个常用的不定代词用法举例说明如下：1some与any的区别1）some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，几个”作形容词时，后面可以接不可数名词+单数动词；可数名词+复数动词。Look!SomeofthestudentsarecleaningthelibrarySomericeinthebaghasbeensoldout2）any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容词时，后面可以接不可数名词+单数动词；可数名词+复数动词。Ifyouhaveanyquestions,pleaseaskmeThereisntanyorangeinthebottleHaveyougotanytea?,3）any和some也可以作代词用，表示“一些”。any多用于疑问句或否定句中，some多用于肯定句中。Howmanypeoplecanyouseeinthepicture?IcantseeanyIfyouhavenomoney,Illlendyousome【注意】与some,any结合的词如something,somebody,someone,anything,anyone,anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法，大致和some,any的用法相同。,2few,afew,little,alittle在用法上的区别1）用作形容词：,ImgoingtobuyafewapplesHecanspeakonlyalittleChineseThereisonlyalittlemilkintheglassHehasfewfriendsTheyhadlittlemoneywiththem,2）alittle和little也可以用作副词，alittle表示“有点，稍微”，little表示“很少”。Imalittlehungry(修饰形容词hungry)Lethimsleepalittle(修饰动词sleep)Mary,goalittlefaster,please(修饰副词比较级)Shesleptverylittlelastnight3other,theother,another,others,theothers的区别。,常与one搭配构成“one,theother”句型HehastwobrothersOneis10yearsold,theotheris5yearsoldSheheldarulerinonehandandanexercisebookinthesome,others”句型。Somewenttothecinema,otherswentswimmingThiscoatistoolargeShowmesomeothers,please,4every与each的区别。each1)可单独使用2)可做代名词、形容词3)着重“个别”4)用于两者或两者以上中的每一个人或物Every1)不可单独使用2)仅作形容词3)着重“全体”，毫无例外4)用于三者或三者以上每一个人或物,TheteachergaveatoytoeachchildEachballhasadifferentcolour当我们说eachchild,eachstudent或eachteacher时，我们想到的是一个人的情况。而当我们说everychild和everystudent时，我们想到的是全体的情况，every的意思与all接近，表示他们都如此。EverystudentlovestheEnglishteacher=AllstudentslovetheEnglishteacherEverychildlikesplaying=Allchildrenlikeplaying,5all和both的用法。1）all指三者以上，或不可数的东西。谓语动词既可以用单数，也可以用作复数。在句中作主语、表语、宾语、同位语和定语。AllofuslikeMrPope我们都喜欢Pope先生。（作主语）=WealllikeMrPope(作同位语)Allthewaterhasbeenusedup(作主语)Thatsallfortoday(作表语)Whynoteatall(of)thefish?(作宾语)Alltheleadersarehere(作定语),2）both作代词。与其他名词或代词并列出现，表示“两个都”。LucyandLilybothagreewithusTheybothpassedontheirsticksatthesametimeHowareyourparents?Theyrebothfine与“of+代词（或名词）”连用，表示“两者都”。BothofthemcametoseeMaryBothofthebooksareveryinteresting单独使用，表示“两者（都）”。MichaelhastwosonsBotharecleverIdontknowwhichbookisthebetter,Ishallreadboth3）both用作形容词，放在名词之前，修饰该名词，表示“两者都”。BothhisyoungersistersareourclassmatesTherearetalltreesonbothsidesofthestreet,1.noone1)只能指人，但不具体指什么人。不与of连用；2)谓语动词用单数；3)表示“什么人也没有”，一般用来回答who,及含anyone,anybody引起的疑问句。如：1)Whoisintheroom?Noone.2)Isthereanyoneintheroom?Noone.2none1)可与of连用，具体指什么人或物；2)谓语动词用单或复数；3)暗示一种数量，即指数量上“一个也没有”。一般用来回答howmany+n,howmuch+n及含any+n引起的疑问句。请看：1)Noneofushave/hasseenhim.2)Howmanystudentsarethereintheroom?None.3)Isthereanywaterinthekettle?None.4)Howmuchmoneydoyouhaveonyou?None.,3.nothing1)指物；2)谓语用单数；3)一般用来回答含anything的一般问句及what引起的特殊问句。请看：1)Whatisinthebox?Nothing.2)Isthereanythinginthesky?Nothing.3)Canyouseeanythingwithoutglasses?Nothing.,no,none,noone,not,nothing的用法,(1)no是形容词只能修饰名词。not是副词修饰动词，形容词，副词等。none是代词可以做主语，宾语，表语。No可以修饰各种类型的名词：Hehasno（notany）wife，nofriends，nomoney.当主语为两个由no修饰的名词时，动词用单数形式：NoTVandnoradioisnecessaryforme（但：ATVandaradioarenecessary）,(2)nobody,noone,nothing和none常用作简略答语，一般情况下，nothing回答what问句；nobody和noone回答who问句；none回答howmany或howmuch问句Whatsinthebox?Nothing.Whoisintheclassroom?Nobody/Noone.Howmanypeoplearethereinthepark?None.(3)noone作主语时谓语动词只用单数形式；none做主语时，谓语动词用单复数形式均可。用单数更为正式一点noneofmyfriendsi